Dipersiapkan untuk
        mata kuliah
   STIE Husnayain
“Evaluation of a firm's financial
Apa itu        statements in order to assess the
               firm's worth and its ability to meet
Analisis       its financial obligations”
Laporan
Keuangan?   “an assessment of the viability, stability
               and profitability of a business, sub-
               business or project”
Business Analysis
Evaluate
                                         Evaluate Risks
Prospects
                   Business Decision Makers

            Equity investors

            Creditors

            Managers

            Merger and Acquisition Analysts

            External Auditors

            Directors

            Regulators

            Employees & Unions

            Lawyers
Information Sources
    Quantitative                     Qualitative


Financial Statements      Management discussion & Analysis


 Industry Statistics            Chairperson’s Letter


                                   Press Releases
Economic Indicators

                                   Financial press
 Regulatory filings

                              Vision/Mission Statement
   Trade reports
                                     Web sites
Kapan        1
                 • Pemilik Dana

digunakan?
                 • Intermediaries
             2

                 • Pihak yang membutuhkan
             3
Credit Analysis       Equity Analysis


Management &
   Control                       Labor Negotiations

                      Types of
                      Business    Director Oversight
Regulation            Analysis


  Financial                      External Auditing
 Management

               Mergers, Acquisitions
                  & Divestitures
Credit Analysis



             Trade                             Non-trade
            Creditors                          Creditors


  Provide                           Provide
                    Bear risk of                      Bear risk of
 goods or                            major
                      default                           default
 services                          financing

                        Usually                            Usually
Most short-                        Most long-
                        implicit                           explicit
  term                               term
                        interest                           interest
Credit Analysis
Credit worthiness: Ability to honor credit obligations
                  (downside risk)


         Liquidity                 Solvency
 Ability to meet short-     Ability to meet long-
 term obligations           term obligations
  Focus:
                             Focus:
   Current cash flows
                              Long-term
   Make up of current
   assets and liabilities   profitability
   Liquidity of assets        Capital structure
Equity Analysis
Assessment of downside risk and upside potential



 Technical analysis /      Fundamental Analysis
        Charting          Determine Intrinsic value
 Patterns in price or     without reference to
 volume history of a      price
 stock                     Analyze and interpret
                           key factors
 Predict future price
 movements                    Economy
                              Industry
                              Company
Business
                    Environment &
                   Strategy Analysis

               Industry         Strategy
               Analysis         Analysis



                        Financial
                        Analysis

                          Analysis
Accounting                 of cash             Prospective
 Analysis                   flows   Risk
                                                Analysis
             Profitability
              Analysis             Analysis


                    Cost of Capital Estimate     Intrinsic Value
Accounting Analysis

   Process to evaluate and adjust financial
 statements to better reflect economic reality


Comparability problems — across firms and across time

                         Manager estimation error

Distortion problems      Earnings management        Accounting
                                                       Risk
                         Accounting Standards
Financial Analysis

 Process to evaluate financial position and
  performance using financial statements

Profitability analysis — Evaluate return
                         on investments     Common tools

Risk analysis ——— Evaluate riskiness
                  & creditworthiness                   Cash
                                            Ratio
                                                        flow
                                           analysis
                                                      analysis
Analysis of —       Evaluate source &
cash flows          deployment of funds
Prospective Analysis

Process to forecast future payoffs

      Business Environment
       & Strategy Analysis

       Accounting Analysis


        Financial Analysis



          Intrinsic Value
Dynamics of Business Activities
    Business Activities                    Time
                                     Beginning of period
 Investing               Financing
             Planning


             Operating


             Planning
Investing                Financing
                                        End of period
Business Activities
          Competition                   Pricing

   Market demands                            Tactics
                         Planning
                         Activities:
    Distribution           Goals            Promotion
                        & Objectives
                                          Projections
Managerial performance


            Opportunities              Obstacles
Business Activities
                 Planning
Investing        Activities         Financial
Activities                          Activities




             Operating Activities
     Revenues and expenses from providing
             goods and services
Financial Statements Reflect Business Activities

                                   Planning
          Investing                                               Financing
Current:                             Operating           Current:
•   Cash                                                 •   Notes Payable
                            • Sales                      •   Accounts Payable
•   Accounts Receivable     • Cost of Goods Sold
•   Inventories                                          •   Salaries Payable
                            • Selling Expense
•   Marketable Securities                                •   Income Tax Payable
                            • Administrative Expense
Noncurrent:                                              Noncurrent:
                            • Interest Expense

•   Land, Buildings, &      • Income Tax Expense
                                                         •   Bonds Payable
    Equipment                                            •   Common Stock
•   Patents                                              •   Retained Earnings
                                     Net Income
•   Investments

                                                             Liabilities & Equity
                                Income statement
            Assets                   Cash Flow               Balance Sheet

     Balance Sheet                Statement of            Statement of
                                  Cash Flows           Shareholders’ Equity
Apa Bedanya
dengan ALK
Konvensional?
Tipe Rasio

Leverage   Liquidity   Operating   Profitability
Laporan Laba
  Neraca;
                   Rugi;



                  Laporan
Laporan Arus
                 Perubahan
    Kas;
                  Ekuitas;


  Laporan         Laporan
Sumber dan      Sumber dan
Penggunaan      Penggunaan
Dana Zakat;    Dana Kebajikan;

Chapter 1 alk

  • 1.
    Dipersiapkan untuk mata kuliah STIE Husnayain
  • 2.
    “Evaluation of afirm's financial Apa itu statements in order to assess the firm's worth and its ability to meet Analisis its financial obligations” Laporan Keuangan? “an assessment of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub- business or project”
  • 3.
    Business Analysis Evaluate Evaluate Risks Prospects Business Decision Makers Equity investors Creditors Managers Merger and Acquisition Analysts External Auditors Directors Regulators Employees & Unions Lawyers
  • 4.
    Information Sources Quantitative Qualitative Financial Statements Management discussion & Analysis Industry Statistics Chairperson’s Letter Press Releases Economic Indicators Financial press Regulatory filings Vision/Mission Statement Trade reports Web sites
  • 5.
    Kapan 1 • Pemilik Dana digunakan? • Intermediaries 2 • Pihak yang membutuhkan 3
  • 6.
    Credit Analysis Equity Analysis Management & Control Labor Negotiations Types of Business Director Oversight Regulation Analysis Financial External Auditing Management Mergers, Acquisitions & Divestitures
  • 7.
    Credit Analysis Trade Non-trade Creditors Creditors Provide Provide Bear risk of Bear risk of goods or major default default services financing Usually Usually Most short- Most long- implicit explicit term term interest interest
  • 8.
    Credit Analysis Credit worthiness:Ability to honor credit obligations (downside risk) Liquidity Solvency Ability to meet short- Ability to meet long- term obligations term obligations Focus: Focus: Current cash flows Long-term Make up of current assets and liabilities profitability Liquidity of assets Capital structure
  • 9.
    Equity Analysis Assessment ofdownside risk and upside potential Technical analysis / Fundamental Analysis Charting Determine Intrinsic value Patterns in price or without reference to volume history of a price stock Analyze and interpret key factors Predict future price movements Economy Industry Company
  • 10.
    Business Environment & Strategy Analysis Industry Strategy Analysis Analysis Financial Analysis Analysis Accounting of cash Prospective Analysis flows Risk Analysis Profitability Analysis Analysis Cost of Capital Estimate Intrinsic Value
  • 11.
    Accounting Analysis Process to evaluate and adjust financial statements to better reflect economic reality Comparability problems — across firms and across time Manager estimation error Distortion problems Earnings management Accounting Risk Accounting Standards
  • 12.
    Financial Analysis Processto evaluate financial position and performance using financial statements Profitability analysis — Evaluate return on investments Common tools Risk analysis ——— Evaluate riskiness & creditworthiness Cash Ratio flow analysis analysis Analysis of — Evaluate source & cash flows deployment of funds
  • 13.
    Prospective Analysis Process toforecast future payoffs Business Environment & Strategy Analysis Accounting Analysis Financial Analysis Intrinsic Value
  • 14.
    Dynamics of BusinessActivities Business Activities Time Beginning of period Investing Financing Planning Operating Planning Investing Financing End of period
  • 15.
    Business Activities Competition Pricing Market demands Tactics Planning Activities: Distribution Goals Promotion & Objectives Projections Managerial performance Opportunities Obstacles
  • 16.
    Business Activities Planning Investing Activities Financial Activities Activities Operating Activities Revenues and expenses from providing goods and services
  • 17.
    Financial Statements ReflectBusiness Activities Planning Investing Financing Current: Operating Current: • Cash • Notes Payable • Sales • Accounts Payable • Accounts Receivable • Cost of Goods Sold • Inventories • Salaries Payable • Selling Expense • Marketable Securities • Income Tax Payable • Administrative Expense Noncurrent: Noncurrent: • Interest Expense • Land, Buildings, & • Income Tax Expense • Bonds Payable Equipment • Common Stock • Patents • Retained Earnings Net Income • Investments Liabilities & Equity Income statement Assets Cash Flow Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Statement of Statement of Cash Flows Shareholders’ Equity
  • 18.
  • 19.
    Tipe Rasio Leverage Liquidity Operating Profitability
  • 20.
    Laporan Laba Neraca; Rugi; Laporan Laporan Arus Perubahan Kas; Ekuitas; Laporan Laporan Sumber dan Sumber dan Penggunaan Penggunaan Dana Zakat; Dana Kebajikan;