Chapter 13 height of medieval europe

Chapter 13 height of medieval europe

• 1.
  Anti-Semitism  By 1100 Christiansblamed Jews for their problems  Some church leaders required Jews to wear ID badges  Were forced from their land and had to become peddlers and money lenders  Many moved to Eastern Europe
• 2.
  The Crusades
• 4.
  First Crusade  Seljuks Turksthreatened Constantinople  Pope Urban II inspired knights & peasants to rise up against Muslims in 1095  On the way to Jerusalem they also killed many Jews  When they conquered Jerusalem in 1099, they massacred most of the people there
• 5.
  Second Crusade  Muslims regainedsome land in 1145  The Pope wanted it back  Crusade was led by the French king Louis VII  Quarrelling and ineffective leadership caused it to fail in 1149
• 6.
  Third Crusade  Muslim leaderSaladin conquered Jerusalem in 1187 A unified force of kings, including King Richard from England tried to regain it Richard fought alone Lost but gained pilgrims access to Jerusalem
• 8.
  Effects  First Crusade gavewestern Europeans a sense of power  Weakened feudalism and gained monarchs more power  Crusaders learned much from the Muslim and Byzantine worlds that improved civilization and pulled them out of the dark ages  Opened up new trade routes east
• 9.
  Economic and Cultural Revival
• 10.
  Economic Expansion  Advances inagriculture increased production  Trade exploded as towns grew Goods from all over the world were once again available  Trade made it necessary to develop a money economy Led to banking, loans and a larger decline of feudalism
• 12.
  Growth of Towns Dramatic Increase in towns Overcrowding, Disease (Plague)
• 13.
  Development of theMiddle Class  Guilds governed business Kept quality of work, prices and wages at a good level  Artisans made & craft workers up the new middle class Governed towns Funded the king
• 14.
  GUILD SETUP
• 15.
  Education  Growth of townsincreased need for education  Around 1150 Universities began popping up around Europe  Greek, Roman, and Muslim writings and science, kept safe by Muslims and Jews, led to a cultural revival  Thomas Aquinas silenced church officials wary of “reason”
• 16.
  Medieval Literature &Art  Troubadours performed music about knights and chivalry  Many women, mostly nuns, were also well-known writers & composers  Most literature was in the vernacular so that everyone could understand it Geoffrey Chaucer-”Canterbury Tales” “Beowulf”  Churches were in the Gothic Style