Chapter 15; Short-Term Scheduling
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The document discusses short-term scheduling in various contexts such as airlines and manufacturing. It provides examples of how factors like weather can disrupt airline schedules and how investment in technology can help recovery. Forward and backward scheduling are introduced as two common approaches, with forward scheduling beginning as requirements are known and backward scheduling beginning with final due dates. The goals of short-term scheduling are outlined as minimizing completion time and work-in-process inventory while maximizing utilization and minimizing customer wait times. Key factors that affect scheduling are identified as volume, operations nature, and job complexity.
Chapter 15; Short-Term Scheduling
- 1. Short- Term Scheduling (Theory, Issues, and Processes) Done by: •Paula Caballero •Alvaro Terry
- 2. 1. The Importance of Short-Time Scheduling ``Scheduling concerns the allocation of limited resources to tasks overtime.'' (Pinedo 1995) Example: Airlines (eg: Delta Airline) try to expect the unexpected Weather Bad weather caused 10% of flights cancelations Looses of 440 M$ Solution An investment of 33M$ in High-Tech Nerve Center “Its function is to reallocate the passengers as soon as possible to maintain their level of satisfaction”
- 3. 1. The Importance of Short-Time Scheduling Example video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOw-Fyk5X_c
- 4. 1. The Importance of Short-Time Scheduling Delta ( Schedules/daily) 753 aircrafts + 10,000 pilots and flight attendants Good Scheduling = Customer Satisfaction Objective: Allocate and prioritize demand, matching daily or hourly requirements to specific personnel and equipment A Good scheduling approach shoulg be simple, clear, easily understood, easy to carry out, flexible and realistic Strategic Importance: Effective Scheduling ( fast movement of G/S, decrease of costs) Added Capacity , Faster Performance and Flexibility (faster delivery) Good Scheduling (realistic commitments and dependable delivery)
- 5. Schedule Decissions: 1. The Importance of Short-Time Scheduling
- 7. 3. Forward and backward scheduling Forward: begins the schedule as soon as possible as the requirements are known (…). Customized products that are needed as soon as possible. Backward: Begins with the due date of the final operation. The resources neccesary to accomplish the schedule may not exist Examples: Hospitals, Clinics, Machine tool manufacturing, Restaurants Examples: Banquet, catering, scheduling surgery, service environment
- 8. 4. Scheduling Issues Most common case is to find an organization with a mix of both applied. Even having the date scheduled; the elaboration process could fail because of………………., so it does not ensure that the G/S will be ready. Could you think about any factor that complicates scheduling? Weather, Absenteeism, Machine breakdown Workers falling asleep, Shortage
- 9. 5. Goals of Short-term scheduling Minimize completion time (average of production time Maximize utilization (percentage of time the facility is used) Minimize Work-in-Process (WIP) to reduce inventories ( average number of jobs in the system) Minimize customer waiting time (average of late days) All these goals depend on the volume of the orders, nature of the operations, and the complexity of the jobs.
- 10. 6. Scheduling Process- Focused Facilities This system should… 1. Schedule incoming orders without exceeding capacity 2. Check availability of tools and materials before releasing an order (raw materials) 3. Establish due dates for each job and check progress 4. Provide feedback 5. Provide work efficiency to increase employees motivation Process focus facilities are compound of high variety and low volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations) in which products are made to order
- 11. Revising…
- 12. Question 1 1. Could you tell me 2 factors that could lead to the disruption of airlines schedules Weather Absenteeism Machine breakdown Workers falling asleep Shortage
- 13. Question 2 Could you give me 2 examples of forward scheduling? Hospital Clinic Machine tool manufacturing Restaurant
- 14. Question 3 3. Which is a characteristic of good scheduling? a) Clear b) Simple c) Flexible d) All of the above Correct answer: d) All of the above
- 15. Question 4 4. Which of these factors do not contribute to the strategic importance of scheduling? a) Added capacity b) Independent delivery c) Effective scheduling Correct answer: b) Independent delivery
- 16. Question 5 5. Which of these statements is False concerning the strategic importance of sheduling? a) Added capacity and the related flexibility mean faster delivery and better customer service b) Added capacity and the related simplicity mean faster delivery and better customer service c) Effective scheduling means faster movement of goods and services through a facility d) Effective scheduling means greater use of assets and hence greater capacity per dollar invested Correct answer: b) Simplicity
- 17. Question 6 6. Short-term schedules translate capacity decisions, aggregate planning, and master schedules into job sequences and specific assignments of personnel, materials and machinery. a) True b) Flase Correct answer: a) True
- 18. Question 7 7. Scheduling goods and services in the short run involve matching daily or hourly requirements to specific personnel and equipment a) True b) Flase Correct answer: a) True
- 19. Question 8 8. Which 2 types of scheduling have we seen in this chapter? a) Forward and backward scheduling
- 20. Question 9 8. Manufacturing firms do not have to deal with the problem of short-term scheduling a) True b) Flase Correct answer: a) False
- 21. Question 10 10. Can you tell me at least one goal of short-term scheduling? Minimize completion time Maximize utilization Minimize work-in progress inventory Minimize customer waiting time
- 22. Question 11 3. If something happens on the day of operations you are able to recover from that disruption without throwing your schedule away and thus spending more money to trying to cover the flight. This statement is talking about? a) Schedule simplicity b) Schedule robustness c) Schedule capacity Correct answer: b) Schedule robustness
- 23. Question 12 12. Mining does not have to deal with the problem of short-term scheduling: a) True b) False Correct answer: b) False
- 24. Question 13 13. Choose the wrong answer: Specialized techniques have been developed to aid in preparing reliable schedules… a) As assignment of a date does not ensure that the work will be performed according to the schedule b) In order to be 100% sure that the schedule will be perfectly executed c) Because schedules are an essential factor that contributes to the efficiency of the company Correct answer: b)
- 25. Question 14 14. Which statement is False? a) Focused facilities are compound of low variety and low volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations) in which products are made to order b) Focused facilities are compound of high variety and high volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations) in which products are made to order c) Focused facilities are compound of high variety and low volume systems (manufacturing and service organizations) in which products are made to order Correct answer: c)
- 26. Thank you for your attention!