Chapter 17. food policies

Chapter 17. food policies

• 1.
  CHAPTER 17. FOOD POLICIES
• 2.
  Food Insecurity inthe U.S. ◦ Food Insecurity lack of consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life ◦ No longer is it measured by simple hunger and lack of food ◦ The person must have access to nutritious food ◦ Food insecurity in 2016-2017 ◦ Lack of proper nutrition leads to: ◦ In young children, trouble concentrating and bonding. Get sick more often and miss school more often. Under perform in standardized tests and are at a higher risk of dropping out of school ◦ In teenagers, more likely to get in trouble in school, need mental health counseling and have a higher risks of suicide ◦ In adults, obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes (Living in a Food Desert)
• 3.
  USDA's Ranges ofFood Security ◦ Food Security ◦ High food security (old label=Food security): no reported indications of food-access problems or limitations. ◦ Marginal food security (old label=Food security): one or two reported indications—typically of anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house. Little or no indication of changes in diets or food intake. ◦ Food Insecurity ◦ Low food security (old label=Food insecurity without hunger): reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake. ◦ Very low food security (old label=Food insecurity with hunger): Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake.
• 4.
  Living in aFood Desert ◦ Living in a food desert
• 5.
  Governmental Food Programs ◦Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) (1964) ◦ Formerly “Food Stamps” ◦ Funded 100% by the federal government; states share 50% of the administrative costs ◦ Administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture ◦ Recipients get an allotment based on family size and income, with a means-tested eligibility requirements and benefits determined at the federal level ◦ See chart on page 363 ◦ Assets: $2,250 countable assest (bank account) or $3,250 for households with a disabled person or elder age 60 or older ◦ Not counted: a home and lot it is on, SSI, TANF and most retirement pension plans
• 6.
  Governmental Food Programs ◦Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) (1964) ◦ Allotment. Your Texas Benefits ◦ Employment requirements. ◦ Register to work (with Texas Workforce) ◦ Not quitting a job or reducing hours ◦ Accepting a job when offered ◦ Taking employment and vocational training ◦ Exceptions: pregnant women, children, seniors, and those unable to work due to physical limitations or mental health reasons
• 7.
  Governmental Food Programs ◦Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) (1964) ◦ Immigrant eligibility. Under the Farm Bill in 2002 granted SNAP eligibility to legal immigrants that: ◦ Lived in the U.S. for last 5 years ◦ Are receiving disability-related assistance or benefits ◦ Are under 18 ◦ Admitted for humanitarian reasons and for permanent residence may also be eligible ◦ Noncitizens that are in the United States temporarily, such as students, are not eligible
• 8.
  Governmental Food Programs ◦Women, Infant and Children. (WIC)(1972) ◦ Provides nutritious counseling and supplemental foods to pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, and young children who are at nutritional risk. ◦ Goal of the program is to address areas of child development that are most affected by poor health and inadequate nutrition, including learning disabilities and impaired learning ◦ Not an entitlement program ◦ Part of the federal block grant programs which means a specific amount of money is allocated every year to cover the cost
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  Governmental Food Programs ◦Women, Infant and Children. (WIC)(1972) ◦ Recipients qualify if: ◦ Pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women; infants and children up to 5 years of age ◦ Are individually determined by a health professional to be at nutritional risk ◦ Meet a state residency requirement ◦ Meet an income standard ◦ Beneficiaries received either actual food items or vouchers for the purchase of specific items including milk, cheese, eggs, infant formula, cereals, and fruits and vegetables
• 10.
  Politics of Hunger ◦National School Lunch Program (NSLP) ◦ Federally assisted meal program that provides meals to more than 3 million Texas children in school and residential child care institutions ◦ Serves nutritious, low-cost or free meals to students in public and non-profit private schools ◦ Meals must meet federal nutrition guidelines ◦ The program was established under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, signed into law by President Harry Truman in 1946.
• 11.
  Politics of Hunger ◦School Breakfast Program (SBP) ◦ Federally assisted meal program operating in public and non- profit private schools and residential child care institutions ◦ All school breakfasts must meet Federal nutrition requirements ◦ Decisions about the specific foods to serve and how the foods are prepared are made by local school food authorities. ◦ The SBP started in 1966 as a pilot project, and was made a permanent entitlement program by Congress in 1975
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  Other Governmental FoodPrograms ◦ Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) snacks for children and adults that are mentally or physically disabled ◦ Summer Food Service Program – meals to low income children when school is not in session ◦ Meals on Wheels ◦ Adults 60 or older unable to cook for themselves ◦ May also provide meals for disabled people living on their own ◦ No means test; may require a small co-pay (may use SNAP to pay) ◦ Congregate Meal Dining program ◦ Provide meals to elderly at senior centers ◦ See Figure 17.2 on pages 368 and 369