Chapter 3

ADVOCACY PLATFORM
• Sees tourism as a good
thing and celebrates tourism’s
positive impacts on the
economy, the environment,
and the society.

CAUTIONARY PLATFORM
• Views tourism as a bad thing
and decries the negative effects
of mass tourism that the
advocacy platform has
engendered

ADAPTANCY PLATFORM
• Mass tourism has negative
impact but can be avoided

KNOWLEDGE BASED PLATFORM
• Views tourism from a holistic
perspective, not just from the
impact and forms but in terms
of functions and underlying
structures

SOCIAL JUSTICE PLATFORM
• Embraces “participatory processes
involving open dialogue, resource
distribution, equity, pro-poor planning,
gender sensitivity
• Tourism planners as to be an agent of
positive change

LAISSEZ-FAIRE THEORY
• This is known as liberal economic
theory.
• The government does not intervene in
terms of policy plans, regulations,
guidelines, code and standards.
• It is a game without rules

MODERNIZATION THEORY
• Tourism assumes that tourism
contributes to the economic
progress and transformation of
“traditional societies into modern
one.

TRICKLE-DOWN THEORY
• Assumes that any form of
economic growth will lead to
improvement of the living
conditions of everybody

NEOLIBERAL THEORY
• Government has a minimal
intervention.
• Accepts the idea of government
regulation but rejects government
competing with private sectors.

DEPENDENCY THEORY
• The first world countries exploits
the Third World countries
• Third worlds depend on the
developed countries

IRRIDEX MODEL
• Theory about the social impacts
of tourism. It states that residents’
attitudes towards tourism will
deteriorate over the period of time

APPROACHES TO TOURISM
PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT

NO PLANNING
• Planning is not necessary
• Tourism may not be seen as a
priority industry

AD-HOC PLANNING
• Planning only as needed
Ex. Preparing a town fiesta

INTERGRATED TOURISM
PLANNING
• Planning is developed and
planned compatible with
existing economic activities
and the values of the local
residents

BOOSTERIST APPROACH
• Sees tourism as a positive
force for economic
development. Its primary goal
is to maximize tourism
revenues through mass
tourism

PRODUCT LED DEVELOPMENT
“Build it and they come it”

SPATIAL PLANNING APPROACH
• It focuses on “destination” layout and design
and breaks down tourism into spatial units:
a. Site scale ( planning at the level of individual
tourism property like hotel, resort, or
restaurant)
b. Destination scale (planning tourism in a
community and its surrounding areas
c. Regional scale (planning level of province,
region and country)

DEMAND-LED APPROACH
“Know the customer and
satisfy them”

BUREAUCRATIC/
GOVERNMENT-LED APPROACH
• Puts the government at the center of
planning and development.
• Government action refers to infrastructure,
provision, marketing, promotion, education
and research

MIDDLE PATH APPROACH
(BHUTAN MODEL)
• Opposite of boosterism is low
volume, high yield tourism .
• Strict control on the volume of
tourism

ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH
• Tourism development is endowed
with natural attractions of
outstanding beauty, beyond the
reach of commercialism

ECO TOURSIM APPROACH
• Form of sustainable tourism within a
natural and cultural heritage in which
community participation, protection
and management of natural
resources, culture and indigenous
knowledge and practices,
environment education and ethics

PARTICIPATORY / STAKEHOLDER
APPROACH
PUTS PEOPLE AT THE
CENTER OF THE PLANNING
PROCESS

COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM
TOURISM THAT IS OWNED
AND MANAGED BY
COMMUINITIES

PRO POOR APPROACH
• TOURISM THAT GENERATES
NET BENEFITS FOR THE
POOR”
• THE NEEDS OF THE POOR
ARE PRIORITIZED

FAIR TRADE TOURISM
• IS RESPONSE TO THE FAILURE OF
CONVENTIONAL TRADE TO DELIVER
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD AND
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES TO
PEOPLE IN THE POOREST COUNTRIES
OF THE WORLD

Chapter 3

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to Chapter 3

More from AMS Malicse-Somoray

Recently uploaded

In this document

Chapter 3