Chapter 8 - Multimedia Storage and Retrieval
6 likes•15,493 views
Chapter 8 discusses multimedia storage and retrieval, defining data storage devices and various methods of recording information. It explains multimedia storage mediums, types of media (continuous vs discrete), and RAID technology, including various RAID levels (0 to 6) with their characteristics and uses. RAID systems enhance performance and reliability, with detailed descriptions of each level's operational principles and fault tolerance features.
Chapter 8 - Multimedia Storage and Retrieval
- 1. Chapter 8 Multimedia Storage and Retrieval -PRATIK MAN SINGH PRADHAN (WWW.PMSPRATIK.COM.NP)- MMS2401 – MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS & COMMUNICATIONS (3 CREDITS)
- 2. Storage and Retrieval A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs. Data retrieval means obtaining data from a database management system such as ODBMS. In this case, it is considered that data is represented in a structured way, and there is no ambiguity in data. In order to retrieve the desired data the user present a set of criteria by a query.
- 3. Multimedia Storage Multimedia can be stored in mediums such as Optical Disks, Hard Drives, Magnetic Storage Media and such.
- 4. Multimedia Retrieval Multimedia retrieval depends on the type of multimedia file it is which may be continuous or discrete. Continuous media is data where there is a timing relationship between source and destination. Video, animation and audio are examples of continuous media. Some media is time independent or static or discrete media: normal data, text, single images, graphics are examples.
- 5. Disc and Disk Disc Disk
- 6. Magnetic Media Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetised medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetisable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory.
- 7. Optical Media Optical media - such as the compact disk (CD) - are storage media that hold content in digital form and that are written and read by a laser; these media include all the various CD and DVD variations, as well as optical jukeboxes and autochangers.
- 8. Disk Spanning Disc spanning is a feature of CD and DVD burning software that automatically spreads a large amount of data across many data discs if the data set's size exceeds the storage capacity of an individual blank disc.
- 9. RAID Storage RAID is a technology that is used to increase the performance and/or reliability of data storage. The abbreviation stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. A RAID system consists of two or more disks working in parallel.
- 10. RAID Levels Raid Level 0 Raid Level 1 Raid Level 2 Raid Level 3 Raid Level 4 Raid Level 5 Raid Level 6
- 11. RAID Level 0 RAID 0 (also known as a stripe set or striped volume) splits ("stripes") data evenly across two or more disks, without parity information, redundancy, or fault tolerance. Since RAID 0 provides no fault tolerance or redundancy, the failure of one drive will cause the entire array to fail; as a result of having data striped across all disks, the failure will result in total data loss. This configuration is typically implemented having speed as the intended goal. RAID 0 is normally used to increase performance, although it can also be used as a way to create a large logical volume out of two or more physical disks.
- 12. RAID Level 1 RAID 1 consists of an exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on two or more disks; a classic RAID 1 mirrored pair contains two disks. This configuration offers no parity, striping, or spanning of disk space across multiple disks, since the data is mirrored on all disks belonging to the array, and the array can only be as big as the smallest member disk. This layout is useful when read performance or reliability is more important than write performance or the resulting data storage capacity.
- 13. RAID Level 2 RAID 2, which is rarely used in practice, stripes data at the bit (rather than block) level, and uses a Hamming code for error correction. The disks are synchronized by the controller to spin at the same angular orientation (they reach index at the same, so it generally cannot service multiple requests simultaneously. Extremely high data transfer rates are possible.
- 14. RAID Level 3 RAID 3, which is rarely used in practice, consists of byte-level striping with a dedicated parity disk. One of the characteristics of RAID 3 is that it generally cannot service multiple requests simultaneously, which happens because any single block of data will, by definition, be spread across all members of the set and will reside in the same location. Therefore, any I/O operation requires activity on every disk and usually requires synchronized spindles.
- 15. RAID Level 4 RAID 4 consists of block-level striping with a dedicated parity disk. As a result of its layout, RAID 4 provides good performance of random reads, while the performance of random writes is low due to the need to write all parity data to a single disk.
- 16. RAID Level 5 RAID 5 consists of block-level striping with distributed parity. Unlike in RAID 4, parity information is distributed among the drives. It requires that all drives but one be present to operate. Upon failure of a single drive, subsequent reads can be calculated from the distributed parity such that no data is lost. RAID 5 requires at least three disks.
- 17. RAID Level 6 RAID 6 extends RAID 5 by adding another parity block; thus, it uses block-level striping with two parity blocks distributed across all member disks.