Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects: A Theoretical and Empirical Study
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The document discusses characteristics of sustainable open source software (OSS) projects, focusing on attracting developers through incentives such as improved setup documentation, employment opportunities, and innovation. It employs empirical analysis using GHTorrent datasets and a game theoretical model to understand developer behavior and project sustainability. Furthermore, it highlights the need for both theoretical and empirical frameworks to analyze and improve OSS project dynamics.
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Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects: A Theoretical and Empirical Study
- 1. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects: A Theoretical and Empirical Study ! Hideaki Hata, Taiki Todo, Saya Onoue, Kenichi Matumoto 1
- 2. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 2
- 3. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Toward Sustainable OSS How can OSS projects attract developers? ! What can OSS projects do to incentivize developers to write code? 3
- 4. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Context GHTorrent datasets • Top-10 starred software projects for the top programming languages on Github: 90 projects Filtering • More than 3 year histories on Dec. 2012: 22 projects 4 Gousios, MSR 2014 Mining Challenge Dataset in GHTorrent
- 5. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 SW Population Pyramids • Right: coding contributors • Left: non-coding (comments, issues) contributors 5 Onoue et al., Software population pyramids: the current and the future of OSS development, ESEM 2014. Experience Developers 3 months }
- 6. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Varieties of SPP GHTorrent datasets • Top-10 starred software projects for the top programming languages on Github: 90 projects Filtering • More than 3 year histories on Dec. 2012: 22 projects 6
- 7. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 akka beanstalkd blueprint−css compass devise django−cms django−debug−toolbar homebrew http−parser jekyll jquerykestrel MaNGOS mongo node openFrameworks paperclip rails redis scalatra ThinkUP tornado 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 # of coding bars #ofdiscussionbars Distribution of OSS Projects 7 # of coding bars #ofnon-codingbars
- 8. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 akka beanstalkd blueprint−css compass devise django−cms django−debug−toolbar homebrew http−parser jekyll jquerykestrel MaNGOS mongo node openFrameworks paperclip rails redis scalatra ThinkUP tornado 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 # of coding bars #ofdiscussionbars Distribution of OSS Projects 8 # of coding bars #ofnon-codingbars
- 9. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 akka beanstalkd blueprint−css compass devise django−cms django−debug−toolbar homebrew http−parser jekyll jquerykestrel MaNGOS mongo node openFrameworks paperclip rails redis scalatra ThinkUP tornado 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 # of coding bars #ofdiscussionbars Distribution of OSS Projects 9 # of coding bars #ofnon-codingbars (a) (c) (b) (d)
- 10. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Introducing game theory 10
- 11. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Game Theoretical Model A leader-follower game • Project: keep (K) or setup (S) • Developer: write code (C) or non-coding contribution (discussion, D) 11 developer project
- 12. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Results of Equilibrium Analysis:! Incentivize Developers to Write Code • Setup: To increase the utility of writing code compared to the utility of just non-coding contributions, projects need to setup the development environment, which can decrease the cost of writing code. • Mandatory: Employment is a big incentive to write code. The project itself or other third-parties can select this option. • Innovation: Innovations can decrease the cost and may increase the reward. 12
- 13. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Empirical Analysis 13
- 14. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Coverage of Setup 14 TABLE I COVERAGE OF SETUP Area Project Wiki Website How to Contribute Coding Guideline Multi-Language Document # of yes (b) rails no yes yes no no 2 jekyll yes yes yes no no 3 django-cms no yes no no no 1 jquery yes yes yes yes no 4 paperclip yes yes yes no yes 4 homebrew yes yes yes yes yes 5 node yes yes yes no no 3 tornade yes yes no no no 2 devise yes yes yes no no 3 redis yes yes no no no 2 openFrameworks yes yes no no no 2 compass yes yes yes yes no 4 (d) mongo no yes yes yes no 3 akka no yes no no no 1 (a) ThinkUP yes yes no no no 2 django-debug-toolbar yes yes no no no 2 http-parser no no no no no 0 beanstalkd yes yes no no no 2 MaNGOS no yes no no no 1 kestrel yes yes no no no 2 (c) scalatra no yes no no no 1 blueprint-css yes yes no yes no 3 hosting service and social networking system for developers, have balanced software population pyramids with many coding
- 15. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Employment 15 akka beanstalkd blueprint−css compass devise django−cms django−debug−toolbar homebrew http−parser jekyll jquerykestrel MaNGOS mongo node openFrameworks paperclip rails redis scalatra ThinkUP tornado 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 # of coding bars #ofdiscussionbars # of coding bars #ofnon-codingbars 25 paid in 116 12 paid in 34
- 16. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Innovation: Impact of GitHub 16 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 5 0 5 2007/12 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 200 100 0 100 200 2008/12 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 200 100 0 100 200 2009/12 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 200 100 0 100 200 2010/12 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 700 350 0 350 700 2011/12 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 700 350 0 350 700 2012/12 ategory coding discusscussion movedsion moveddiscussion ategory codingmovediscussioncoding discussionscussion moved Fig. 7. The transition of software population pyramids of the rails project. This project moved to GitHub on 2008/4 C. The Impact of Innovation the analysis to a bit different situations, such as a new market with a slight modified pricing rules and/or a social laws. Rails moved to GitHub on August 2008
- 17. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Summary To attract and retain coding contributors • Prepare documents (setup) • Have paid developers (employment) • Adopt new technologies/environment (innovation) 17
- 18. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Discussions • Limitations in theoretical analysis • Bounded rationality. Humans are not rational in general • Too much simplification • Threats to validity in empirical analysis • Limited datasets • Analysis result may have error 18
- 19. Hideaki Hata, Characteristics of Sustainable OSS Projects @ CHASE 2015 Future Directions • Integration of theory and empirical analysis is strong approach for • understanding human behaviors • designing desirable environments 19