Characterization of microspheres

Characterization of microspheres

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  Characterization of Microspheres By Mr. Thoke Sagar B.
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  Characterization Properties OfMicrospheres 1] Particle size analysis 2] Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study 3] Flow properties 4] Thermal analysis 5] Determination of percentage yield 6] Drug content 7] Determination of drug loading 2
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  8] Incorporation efficiencyof microspheres 9] Determination of solubility 10] Dissolution studies of microspheres 3
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  1] Particle sizeanalysis Particle size of recrystallized sample, pure samples, spays dried microspheres were determined by microscopic method using calibrated ocular micrometer. A microscopical image analysis technique for determination of particle size was applied. The morphology and particle sizes were determined in a Digital microscope equipped with a 1/3”CCD camera imaging accessory The microspheres were dispersed on a microscope slide. A microscopical field was scanned by video camera. The images of the scanned field are analyzed by the softwar. 4
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  2] Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) study The morphology of microspheres was examined by scanning election microscopy. A small amount of powder was spread on an aluminum stub, which was placed latter gold sputtering in san SEM chamber. Photographs were taken at an acceleration voltages of 20 KV electron beam. Obtained photograph to identify and confirm spherical nature and Surface topography of the crystals. 5
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  3] Flow properties Flow properties of the microspheres were evaluated by determining the angle of repose and the compressibility index. a) The angle of repose of microsphere and commercial crystals was measured by fixed funnel method. Static angle of repose was measured according to the fixed funnel and free standing cone method of Banker and Anderson. A funnel with the end of the stem cut perpendicular to the axis of symmetry is secured with its tip at a given height (1 cm), H, above graph paper placed on a flat horizontal surface. The microspheres were carefully poured through the funnel until the apex of the conical pile so formed just reached the tip of the funnel. 6
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  Thus, the Rbeing the radius of the base of the microspheres conical pile: . tan θ = H/ R or θ = tan-1 (H/ R) where θ = the angle of repose 7
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  b) Compressibility index(I): Carr’s index was determined from powder volumes at the initial stage and after 1250 tappings to constant volume. Compressibility index (I) values of the microspheres were determined by measuring the initial volume (V0) and the final volume (V) after subjecting to 100 tapping in a graduated measuring cylinder using the equation. I = [1- (V/V0)] x 100 Apparent particle densities of microsphere were measured using a Pycnometer. 8
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  4] Thermal analysis Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) DSC study was carried out to detect possible polymorphic transition during the crystallization process. DSC measurements were performed on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC DuPont 9900) with a thermal analyzer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on ketoprofen and ketoprofen loaded microspheres. DSC measurement were done on a Mettler Toledo DSC 822c C/ min over a temperature range of 30 to 30000 C under an inert atmosphere flushed with nitrogen at a rate of 20 ml/min. 9
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  5] Determination ofpercentage yield The yield of microspheres was determined by the formula, %Yield= Total Weight of Microspheres ------------------------------------------ x 100 Total Weight of Raw Material The percentage yield of each formulation was determined according to the total recoverable finalweight of microsphere and the total original weight of Indomethacin. 10
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  6] Drug content Microspheres in a particular quantity were dissolve in a solvent and at specified λmax of drug . The drug content of Microspheres is estimated. Microspheres (50 mg) were triturated with 10 ml of water. Allowed to stand for 10 min withoccasional swirling and methanol was added to produce 100 ml. After suitable dilution, sampleswere measured at particular λmax value of drug. Drug content was determined from standard plot. 11
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  7] Determination ofdrug loading The drug loading was determined by UV‐Visible spectrophotometer. The microspheres were stirred with 100 ml particular solution as dissolution media (pH 7.40 phasphatebuffer )for 2hr. The drug concentration will be determin at particular λmax value of drug after suitable dilution. The readings were taken in triplicate. Drug loading (%) = M actual ------------------------------ x 100 Weighed quantity of powder of microspheres 12
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  8] Incorporation efficiencyof microspheres Incorporation efficiency (%) = M actual ---------------------- x 100 M theoretical Where, M actual is the actual drug content in weighed quantity of powder of microspheres & M theoretical is the theoretical amount of drug in microspheres calculated from the quantity added in the fabrication process. 13
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  9] Determination ofsolubility The solubility of particular drug microspheres in specific solution as microspheres or microcapsule to be soluble in that particular environment (water and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) was determined by taking excess quantity of microspheres in 50 ml to screw‐capped glass vials filled with water. The vials were shaken for two hours on mechanical shaker. The solution was filtered through Whatmann filter paper No.1 and drug concentration wasbe determined at particular λmax value of drug. 14
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  10] Dissolution studiesof microspheres The dissolution of microspheres is determined by using USP dissolution apparatus XXIV Type II. Dissolution medium was 900 ml 7.4 Phosphate buffer. The amount of dissolved drug was determined using UV spectrophotometric method at specified λmax of particular drug. The readings were taken in triplicate. 15
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  References 1] S. B.Gholap,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, Issue: 1, Volume 1, March – April 2010; Article 015,Page no.- 78 2] MUDIT DIXIT, International Journal of Drug Formulation & Research,ISSN: 2229-5054, Volume 2 (1),Jan-Feb. 2011, Page no.- 142-143 3] Deore B.V.,International Journal of ChemTech Research, ISSN: 0974-4290, Volume 1, No.3, July-Sept 2009,page no.- 635-636. 4] ASHWINI G KINI, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,ISSN: 0975-1491,Volume 3, Suppl 2, 2011, Page no- 232. 16
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