More Related Content
Similar to Chicken pox (20)
Chicken pox
- 1. Chicken Pox Nidhi Chauhan M.Sc Nursing Final Year GCON, Jodhpur
- 2. HISTORY • Discovered by Giovanni Filippo during the 15th century in Italy. • In 16th century, an English physician Richard Morton gave the name “CHICKEN POX”. • William Heberden proved chicken pox is different from smallpox.
- 3. Contd… •The term chicken pox, has been said to be derived from chickpeas based on resemblance of the vesicles to chickpeas.
- 4. DEFINITION Chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), a virus that is part of the herpes virus family.
- 5. PREVALENCE OF DISEASE • Very common in the U.S before the vaccine became available in 1995. • In early 1990s, an average of 4 million people got chickenpox. • 10,500 -13,000 were hospitalized. • 100 - 150 died each year.
- 6. Contd… • Each year, more than 3.5 million cases of varicella, 9,000 hospitalizations, and 100 deaths are prevented by varicella vaccination in the United States.
- 7. Contd… Studies show that from 1995 to 2005, the occurrence of this disease has decreased by 90% among children and adolescents, and Varicella-related hospitalizations also declined by 88%.
- 8. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS • The source of infection-person infected by chicken pox. • Commonly found in winter season • Occurs more in children than in adults.
- 9. Contd… • One attack of disease produce sufficient resistance power for long period. • Transmission of disease- mostly through personal contact or droplet infection.
- 10. INCUBATION PERIOD • 7-21 days CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: • Varicella zoster virus also called human (alpha) herpes virus.
- 12. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS In children: • Itchy rash appears on the head and spreads down to the trunk and other body parts. • The rash becomes raised, and blisters form. • Blisters may also form on mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth, nose, throat, and vagina.
- 13. Contd… • The blisters crust over and disappear within about 10-14 days. • Children may also have fever and tiredness along with the rash.
- 15. Contd… In adults: • Pre-eruptive stage: At the onset of disease, low or moderate fever , feeling cold, restlessness, backache etc. are complained.
- 16. Contd… • Eruptive phase: After the pre eruptive phase the rashes are found on the body which are less on face and hands and more on the body.
- 18. Contd…. • Different stages of rashes are (macular ,papular ,vesicular and scabal) found together. • This is the special characteristic of the disease.
- 19. Contd…. •The eruptive stage last for 4-7 days •After that the scales comes out and the wound is healed.
- 20. SERIOUS SYMPTOMS 1. High fever 2. Vomiting 3. Diarrhea 4. Headache 5. Dehydration 6. Worsening of asthma
- 21. Chicken Pox & The Immune System • The virus 1st infects the mucous of the upper respiratory tract • Viral proliferation occurs in lymph nodes for 2-4 days after initial infection
- 22. = infected area
- 23. Contd… • 4-6 days after initial infection, virus enters blood stream • This is followed by a second round of replication in body’s organs • ESPECIALLY in Spleen & Liver
- 24. Contd...
- 25. 1st Exposure • Body 1st Exposed creates antibodies – Immunoglobulin G (IgG) – Immunoglobulin M (IgM) – Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- 26. 1st Exposure Cont. •B & T memory cells are also created •IF there is a 2nd exposure, memory cells will stimulate cells to create antibodies
- 27. COMPLICATIONS • Pneumonia • Bleeding • Encephalitis • Serious diseases of fetus in case of pregnancy.
- 28. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: • Sign and symptoms, the typical spread of rashes and the appearance of different stages of rashes together are helpful in making diagnosis
- 29. VACCINES FOR CHICKEN POX • The chickenpox vaccine is live attenuated vaccine and not recommended for people with weak immune system • The chickenpox vaccine was added to the childhood immunization schedule in 1995. • The booster dose was added in 2006.
- 30. Contd…. • The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends 2 doses of the vaccine for children. • The 1st dose is given around at 1 yr. and the 2nd around age 4-6 yrs. • A single dose of the vaccine reduces risk upto 70-90%, and 2 doses reduce the risk even more.
- 31. Contd… • It is available as a single vaccine, also as part of the MMRV vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine). • Route : Subcutaneously
- 32. Contd… • When chickenpox occurs in vaccinated individuals, these cases are known as “breakthrough cases”. These cases are usually very mild compared with the disease in unvaccinated individuals.
- 33. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT •Care for chickenpox usually includes use of pain medications and topical treatments for the itchy rash, blisters, and scabs.
- 34. Contd…. • In serious cases, anti-viral drugs can alter the course of the illness. • These are typically given early to people at highest risk of complications, including sick children and pregnant women.
- 35. NURSING MANAGEMENT Prevent infection: -Prevent the spread of the disease -Wear gloves to perform dressing -Change the bed linens frequently -Wear a mask or have the patient wear a mask
- 36. Contd…. • Treat itching: - Cut the patient’s fingernails short - Encourage frequent hand washing. - Use of antihistamines or soothing skin lotions such as calamine to ease the itching. - Use of baking soda in a cool bath may also decrease itching.
- 37. Contd… Other treatment: • Assess the patient frequently to manage symptoms such as itching or to detect symptoms that may indicate a complication, such as a moist cough that could signal early pneumonia.
- 38. DIETERY MANAGEMENT • Foods which are easily digestible like kichri, plain rice and dal, poppy seeds etc are advised. • Non vegetarian diet strictly avoided. • The diet mostly consist of fluids like fruit juice, coconut water, vegetable soup etc. Fluid diet helps the nutrients to be absorbed faster.
- 39. Contd…. • Include Zinc, magnesium and calcium supplements in diet to enhance the immune system. Enhanced immune system help in quick cure.
- 40. Contd…. • Encourage fluids and a healthy diet. Some patients develop sores inside the mouth and may need soft foods that are easy to chew and swallow. • Chicken Pox diet should include coriander and carrot soup once every day
- 41. SUMMARY • Chicken pox is an infectious disease caused by the varicella virus. Most cases develop in children under age 15 but older children and adults can get it. It spreads very easily from one person to another. Symptoms of chickenpox include an uncomfortable, itchy rash, fever and headache. The disease is usually mild and lasts 5 to 10 days, but it sometimes causes serious problems. Adults and older children tend to get sicker from chickenpox. Do not give aspirin to anyone sick with chickenpox since the combination might cause Reye’s syndrome