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China delegation 06.12.17 v1
The document provides an overview of the U.S. higher education system, including its size, governance, funding sources, and degree programs. It notes that the system includes over 4,500 public, private non-profit, and for-profit institutions enrolling nearly 20 million students. The system is facing pressures like decreased state funding, rising tuition costs, and changing student demographics. It suggests innovation is needed, such as new learning models, credentials, and partnerships between education and employers.
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China delegation 06.12.17 v1
- 1. U.S. Higher EducationSystem Overview and Future Trends Louis Soares Vice President, Strategy, Research and Advancement U.S. – China Higher Education Administration Forum Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies China’s Ministry of Education Delegation June 13, 2017
- 2. Agenda • ACE Introduction •Size and Composition of U.S. Higher Education – Governance – Finance – Curriculum and Degrees – Faculty – Administration • Students • Future Trends
- 3. ACE Mission ACE, themajor coordinating body for all of the nation’s higher education institutions, provides leadership and a unifying voice on higher education issues and influences public policy through advocacy, research and program initiatives.
- 4. ACE Snapshot -Membership 1,658 Members 1,444 institutions and systems 214 associations, international
- 7. Guiding Principles • Autonomy •Competitive Markets • Diversity of Institutions • Equity and Social Mobility
- 8. Postsecondary Degree-Granting Institutions andEnrollment: Fall 2015 Public Private Not- for-Profit Private-for- Profit Total Institutions 1,620 1,701 1,262 4,583 Four-year 710 1,594 700 3,004 Two-year 910 107 562 1,579 Enrollment 14,568,103 4,063,372 1,345,795 19,977,270 Four-year 8,352,437 4,013,323 1,120,582 13,486,342 Two-year 6,215,666 50,049 225,213 6,490,928 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
- 9. Total Fall Enrollmentin Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions: 1970 - 2015 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000
- 10. Total Fall Enrollmentin Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Institution Level: 1970 - 2015 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total 4-year 2-year
- 11.
- 12. Multiple Revenue Sources •Tuition and Fees Revenue from Students and Families • State, Federal and Local – Appropriations – Grants – Contracts • Private Gifts • Endowments • Auxiliary Enterprises
- 15.
- 16. Total Degrees Awarded,by Degree Type: 2014-15 Degree Type Total Awarded Certificates 961,167 Associate’s 1,013,971 Bachelor’s 1,894,934 Master’s 758,708 Doctoral 178,547 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
- 17. Bachelor’s Degrees Conferred,by Top 10 Field of Study: 2014-15 Total 1,894,934 Business 363,799 Health professions and related programs 216,228 Social sciences and history 166,944 Psychology 117,557 Biological and biomedical sciences 109,896 Engineering 97,858 Visual and performing arts 95,832 Education 91,623 Communication, journalism, and related programs 90,650 Homeland security, law enforcement, and firefighting 62,723 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
- 18. Master’s Degrees Conferred,by Top 10 Field of Study: 2014-15 Total 758,708 Business 185,222 Education 146,561 Health professions and related programs 102,897 Engineering 46,115 Public administration and social services 46,083 Computer and information sciences 31,474 Psychology 26,773 Social sciences and history 20,533 Visual and performing arts 17,756 Biological and biomedical sciences 14,650 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
- 19. Doctoral Degrees Conferred,by Top 10 Field of Study: 2014-15 Total 178,547 Health professions and related programs 71,003 Legal professions and studies 40,329 Education 11,772 Engineering 10,239 Biological and biomedical sciences 8,053 Psychology 6,583 Physical sciences and science technologies 5,823 Social sciences and history 4,828 Business 3,116 Computer and information sciences 1,998 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
- 21. 4.6 6.2 7.6 9.4 11.0 13.9 17.0 19.4 21.3 23.0 25.6 27.7 29.9 32.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1940 1950 19571965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed 4 Years of College or More Total Source: 1947,and 1952 to 2002 March Current Population Survey, 2003 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey (noninstitutionalized population, excluding members of the Armed Forces living in barracks); 1950 Census of Population and 1940 Census of Population (resident population).
- 22. 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 2000 2001 20022003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Detailed Educational Attainment of People 25 Years and Over: 2000 to 2015 High school diploma College, no degree Associate's Degree Bachelors Master's Degree Professional degree Doctorate degree Source: 2000 to 2002 March Current Population Survey, 2003 to 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey (noninstitutionalized population, excluding members of the Armed Forces living in barracks)
- 23. Pressures on HigherEducation
- 25.
- 26. Tuition Revenue Increasing- Raising Affordability Questions
- 27. • QUALITY IN QUESTION Studyof 2,300 undergraduates – 45 percent “demonstrated no significant gains in critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and written communications during the first two years of college” – 36 percent “demonstrated no significant gains in critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and written communications during the first two years of college”
- 29. Change in StudentDemographics
- 30. Balance Learning, Familyand Work Source: Lumina Foundation Analysis of NCES Data Sets
- 31. Wrestle with Financial Issueson their own
- 32. A growing numberof today’s students are students of color. Percentage increase in enrollment, 1996 - 2010 Source: Lumina Foundation Analysis of NCES Data Sets
- 33. Few of today’s studentsstudy or live full-time at flagship, four-year campuses.
- 34.
- 35. Today’s Students LessLikely to Complete
- 36. Pressures on HigherEducation More Students Fewer are Traditional More Diversity in Learning Needs Quality in Question Pressure for Accountability Less Money INNOVATION IS IN ORDER
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- 38. Innovation Meta-Themes Now Future LearningStocks Learning Flows Data Poor Data Rich Inputs Output Less organized More (and Less) Organized Academic v. Professional Prep Academic & Professional Prep Institution view System view
- 39. Global Economy inA Snapshot 787 Dreamliner 5 States 9 Countries 6 Languages 14 Suppliers Global Value Chains Standards-based Technology-Driven Cross-disciplinary Teams Learning is built into Work
- 40. Knowledge Stocks • Proprietary •Protect • Extract Value Knowledge Flows • Networks of people/ideas • Collaboration • refresh
- 41. Learning Stocks toLearning Flows
- 42. Learning Flows YieldsAdaptive Expertise 120 10,000 Well organized body of knowledge Supports understanding foundational concepts Recognize patterns In the body of knowledge Easy retrieval of relevant knowledge Adaptive – metacognition allows transfer of knowledge to other settings
- 43. BA: A Stockor A Flow? 40 classes 1 degree 120 credits 1600 hours Source: Cracking the Credit Hour, New America Foundation,
- 44. Data Poor toData Rich
- 45. Data Poor toData Rich National Study of Instructional Costs and Productivity
- 46.
- 47. Outputs College Scorecard • PersistenceRate • Graduation Rate • Cohort Default Rate • Cohort Repayment Rate
- 48. • Illustrates whatstudents should be expected to know and be able to do once they earn their degrees. • Proposes learning outcomes to benchmark the associate, bachelor’s & master’s degrees. • Field Development in: 200 institutions, 30 states and six disciplines Five Dimensions of Learning Outcomes
- 49.
- 50. Academic & ProfessionalPrep = $772B Non-credit PSE Est. # served 22 million Credit PSE Est. # served 21 million Source: Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce,
- 51. Prior Learning Assessment Credit-bearingPostsecondary Education and training Type Credit-bearing Courses Providers(accredited) Public 2-year Public 4-year Private 2-year Private non-profit 4-year Private for-profit 4-year Non-Credit Postsecondary Education and training Type Employer Training Apprenticeships Public Workforce Training Military Volunteer Experiences Providers Business Community Community-base organizations Cross-sector partnerships Community colleges Armed Forces Proprietary Firms Online Providers of Content Emerging Ecosystem To Validate Non-credit Learning and Beyond
- 52. Louis Soares June2012 New Learning Ecosystem “COLLEGE”
- 53. Less Organized Institutional Form & Governance Instruction& Pedagogy CredentialsFinance • Faculty • Academic Committees • Senior Administrators • Board • Hidden cross subsidy • Separation from productivity • Academic Committees
- 54. More organized Institutional Form & Governance Instruction& Pedagogy CredentialsFinance Student Level Learning Data Evidence-based Governance Transparent and Portable Learning Outcomes Transparent Financials drive performance
- 56. World Literature 101Course Redesign • Old delivery: 20 face-to-face lecture sections (about 60 students each) • New delivery: 800-student online section organized around 4-week modules • Technology enabler: web-enabled instruction and assessment/ • Staffing: program coordinator, 4 faculty, 4 grad students, • Outcomes and Savings: • student outcomes better, • reduced costs by over 50 %, • tripled number of student the faculty can handle
- 57.
- 58. (And Less Organized- Unbundled) Institutional Form & Governance Instruction & Pedagogy CredentialsFinance
- 59. MIT Unveils ‘MicroMaster’s,’ Allowing Studentsto Get Half Their Degree From MOOCs October 7, 2015 by Andy Thomason Master of Computer Science Micro-Credentials to Degrees
- 60. New Credentials -Overthrow BA Hegemony Knowledge Worker Journeyman License Adaptive Experts T-Shaped Professionals Occupational Credential Work Experience AP in English language and AP Statistics
- 61. Reverse the Campus November4, 2012 A Dorm for All Colleges
- 62.
- 63. Industry/Professional Knowledge General Knowledge Firm/Agency Knowledge Job/Occupational Knowledge Employer Sponsored Training. Union-EmployerSponsored Training, Proprietary School Job Training, On-the-job Training, and Work/Life Experience 20th Century Postsecondary Education Graduate/Professional Schools Strong Link Weak Link 4-Year Colleges and Universities BS/BA Degrees Community College AA/AS (Transfer) Degrees Community College AA/AS (Transfer) Degrees Community College Vocational/Technical Certificates and AAS Degrees
- 64. Industry/Professional Knowledge General Knowledge Firm/Agency Knowledge Job/Occupational Knowledge Toward a 21stCentury Structure Graduate/Professional Schools Strong Link Weak Link 4-Year Colleges and Universities BS/BA Degrees Community College AA/AS (Transfer) Degrees Community College Vocational/Technical Certificates and AAS Degrees Employer Sponsored Training, Union-Employer Sponsored Training, Proprietary School Job Training, On-the-job Training, and Work/Life Experience
- 65. 21st Century HigherEducation System Characteristics • Learner Centered • Technology Enabled (learning and management) • Faculty guided and curated • Intentionally geared to career and life success • Provide stackable recognized credentials • Incorporate non-collegiate e.g. apprenticeship • Eliminate “transfer tax” • Different “models” for different institutional missions
- 66.