Chinese revolution ppt

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION
BY CODY MYERS

TAKE NOTES NOW, I WILL SHOW YOU HOW TO DO THE
MATRIX AFTERWARDS!
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THE OPIUM
WAR(1839-1842)
British East India Company wanted Merchants refused to stop, so
to find another product besides military dumps tons of the drug,
silver to trade w/China>>>Opium, enraging BEIC, and therefore
an illegal drug grown in Britain(Bentley and Ziegler).
India(Bentley and Ziegler).
The war following is an
The opium trade is ignored by the embarrassing loss for China, and
Qing dynasty at first marks the beginning of foreign
intrusion(Bentley and Ziegler).
a loss of silver imports and an
increase in societal problems
in Southern China forced
action(Bentley and Ziegler).

SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
The British force the Chinese to sign what was called the unequal
treaty, allowing Britain to trade as they wish, and carve their own
sphere of influence.

Other European powers, as well as the US, follow Britain’s
example, and soon China is filled with foreign influence and
merchants.

This leads to numerous rebellions, such as the Nanjing rebellion,
which nearly took down the Qing dynasty. These were the
forerunners to the movement that would take the dynasty
down(Bentley an Ziegler).

THE FIRST REVOLUTION
In 1908, the empress Dowager Cixi died, placing a young child,
Puyi, on the throne of a crumbling dynasty with an incompetent
regent(“ChineseRevolution”).

The revolt was triggered by foreign stockholders blocking the
completion of a railroad, causing riots, and eventually mutiny in
Wuchang, followed by many more cities(“Chinese Revolution”).

The regent, in panic, allowed the adoption of a constitution, and
asked Yuan Shikal, a former viceroy, to come out of retirement to
save the dynasty(“Chinese Revolution”).

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
REPUBLIC
Yuan did not act quickly, and the
revolution quickly became too large to
suppress.

Sun Yat-sen, leader of the revolutionaries,
set up a provisional republican government
in Nanjing and was elected
president(“Chinese Revolution”).

Yuan called for an armistice and negotiated
a new government with the republicans.
The emperor child was allowed to keep his
title, but the government was made a
republic, led by Yuan with Li Yuanhong, a
leader of the Wuchang uprising, as vice-
president(“Chinese Revolution”).

THE FALL OF THE
REPUBLIC
The republic’s choice of Yuan as president was a
fatal decision, as Yuan abused the system by
signing treaties with other nations and forming
armies without parliament’s consent(“History of
Republic”).

Eventually, Yuan named himself emperor of the
Empire of China, which did not last long as
rebellion spread through all of China. Yuan
stepped down on 22 March 1916, and Li
Yuanhong became president(“History of
Republic”).

The republic survived, but it was the beginning
of the end, as people began to question the new
system, and regional warlords began their rise to
power, which they would retain for a
decade(“History of Republic”).

WWI DISPUTE
When WWI broke, the vice-president Duan Qirui wanted to join
the allies, but President Li did not. The debating became so
intense, Duan was kicked out of office(“History of Republic”).

Duan’s warlord allies declared independence and requested Li
step down. Li asked general Zhang Xun to mediate
issue(“History of Republic”).

Zhang had his own agenda of restoring the Qing dynasty, so,
aided by German funding, he put Puyi on the throne on July 1
1917(“History of Republic”).

China in Disarray
Duan marched on Beijing and defeated Zhang’s forces, dropping a
bomb on the Forbidden City in the process. Duan became the most
powerful man in China after this, and sent China into war with
Germany and Austo-Hungary(“History of Republic”).

Duan abused this power, ignoring the constitution like his
predecessors and dissolving the parliament(“History of Republic”).

The South revolted by forming a new government, the
Kuomintang, in Guangzhou led by Sun Yat-sen and his
Constitutional Protection Army, which ironically put Sun as
military leader(“History of Republic”).

Constitutional Protection War

This war split the nation along the North-South border.

The Northern warlords got sick of the war and forced Duan to
resign so negotiations could begin(“History of Republic”).

In the South, members of Sun’s government disliked Sun’s total
power, so a cabinet was elected(“History of Republic”).

Sun was not elected, again.

May Fourth Movement

A national movement led by students from 1917 to1923,
protesting against the many issues plaguing the nation including,

WWI involvement(Treaty of Versailles not signed)

Constitutional Protection War

Warlordism

The Kuomintang
In 1921, Sun returned to the KMT as president, and tried to
unite China with Soviet support(“History of Republic”).

Sun was soon ousted and replaced by Chiang Kai-shek. A year
later Sun had the Soviets put their support behind the KMT. The
Soviets had the KMT and and newly founded Chinese
Communist Party unite(“History of Republic”).

This united party allowed Chiang to undertake the Northern
Expedition in 1925, which, while successful at first, stalled as
divisions in the party grew(”History of Republic”).

Chiang’s Rise
Chiang dismissed his Soviet
advisors, and limited the CCP’s
power in the party(“History of
Republic”).

The CCP and KMT’s left wing
made a new capital in Wuhan, and
Chiang made a new capital in
Nanjing(“History of Republic”).

China now split between three
capitals; Beijing, Wuhan, Nanjing.

China’s Communist Party
After their capital was established, they started encouraging
insurrections in rural and urban areas.

Most notably was the Autumn Harvest Uprising in the Hunan
province. It was led by Mao Zedong, co-founder of the
CCP(“History of Republic”).

By 1928, Chiang was in control of most of China, and kicked the
CCP out of Wuhan during the Encirclement campaign. This set
the stage for the Long March, led by Mao Zedong, which was a
Northward 8,000 mile retreat(Szczepanski)

The Nanjing
Decade(1928-1937)
A short period of reform dominated by the KMT including

regaining power to set own tariffs

modernization of Chinese infrastructure

Modern Standard Chinese

women’s rights

the decade was also marked by the pushing back of warlords
to China’s limits and conflicts with Soviets in the West.

The Second Sino-Japanese War
In 1931, Japan took Manchuria and put
ex-Emperor Puyi as head of a puppet-
state(“History of Republic”).

Japan continued to march through
Northern China, as the KMT was pre-
occupied with tracking down the remnants
of the CCP(“History of Republic”).

Chiang was kidnapped and forced to work
with the CCP against the
Japanese(“History of Republic”).

Even with a united front, by 1937 Nanjing
was taken, followed by the Nanjing
Massacre(“History of Republic”).

Spread of Communism

The united front never was very united, as the CCP tried to
spread its influence, the KMT tried to neutralize its spread.

The KMT run Republic of China arose from WWII on the verge
of civil war, as their was no need for cooperation any longer.

The economy collapsed under the weight of national debt from
foreign and internal strife(“History of Republic”).

Foreign Interest
The United States and Britain
wanted China to be a strong ally
in East Asia, and therefore
revised the unequal treaties, and
the US threw out its anti-Chinese
immigration laws(“History of
Republic”).

US settles a truce between
factions, but fighting starts soon
afterwards.

goal to prevent war abandoned

Civil War

3 year civil war>>>>War of Liberation(of Chaing)

20 July 1946>>>>KMT invasion of Communist North

Successful at first, but tide turned in 1947 as Communists
staged a huge counter-attack(“Civil War”).

From 1948 to 1949 in what is called the Pingjin conquest,
Communists take all of Northern China(“Civil War”).

The Exodus

21 April, 1949, CCP army
crosses Yangtze River, take
Nanjing two days later(“Civil
War”).

The KMT is forced to retreat
to Taiwan, where they
remained, The END!

Mao and the People’s Republic
On October 1 1949, Mao announced establishment of The
People’s Republic of China(Szczepanski). End of the worst,
right?

From 1949 to 1953 mass executions of landowners and
“rightists”(remember communists and left wing united), such as
capitalists, commences, estimated death toll>>>1
million(Szczepanski)

Mao bans all parties but CCP, and becomes
president(Szczepanski).

More “Reformation”
Implemented First Five Year Plan(1953-58) designed to
encourage industrialization, industry is owned by
public(Szczepanski).

Insidious Hundred Flowers Campaign-in an effort to root out
dissidents, Mao encourages criticism of
government(Szczepanski).

Second Five Year Plan: Great Leap Forward, redistribution of
farm land, ending in catastophe as farmers are overwhelmed,
possibly 20 million starve to death(Szczepanski).

The Cultural Revolution
Mao steps down soon after total failure of ironically named Great
Leap Forward(but still CCP leader, and very powerful)

In 1965, Mao starts the Cultural Revolution to reassert his
power in China by influencing the youth to have them condemn
the new upper classes(“Cultural Revolution”).

Mao envisioned a China as a single class.

Led to violence towards foreign embassies and upper classes
by the Red Guard(bands of youth).

The End of an Era

In 1968, Liu Shao-chi, president of the republic, was expelled
from the party, which Mao found satisfactory ending the
turmoil(“Cultural Revolution”).

In 9 years Mao would be dead, and the end of an era with it. The
Revolution finally ended, as China quickly modernized, catching
up with the rest of the world.

Chinese revolution ppt

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