Cired 2015 full paper: DISTRIBUTED AND COORDINATED DEMAND RESPONSE FOR THE SUPPLY OF FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)

Cired 2015 full paper: DISTRIBUTED AND COORDINATED DEMAND RESPONSE FOR THE SUPPLY OF FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)

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  CIRED 2015 gaspa ABSTRACT The availabilityof frequency essential for any Utility to secure the power system in both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper presents a concept of Resources frequency with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements, are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant (VPP). performed on a motors and resistive loads control t depending project INTRODUCTION European Utilities Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES spreading generation unit energy policies. Utilit reserves suppliers. system security robustness during 2003 Italian blackout in It appears so become a necessity controlled reserves over the network at any voltage These reserves Distributed Generation (DG) units or by control through ability to distribute these over the network diffusion of I Technologies loads basis This paper presents so a patented ICT designed for the CIRED 2015 DISTRIBUTED AND COOR Gaspard LEBEL Raphaël CAIRE Nouredine HADJSAID Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France [email protected] ABSTRACT The availability of frequency essential for any Utility to secure the power system in both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper presents a concept of Resources (DER) frequency-controlled reserves with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements, are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant (VPP). Physical demonstration performed on a motors and resistive loads control t depending at the European scale within Dream FP7 project. INTRODUCTION European Utilities Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES spreading. This occurs generation unit energy policies. Utilities of part of their histori reserves suppliers. system security robustness face to large frequency excursion during 2003 Italian blackout in both interconne It appears so become a necessity controlled reserves over the network at any voltage These reserves Distributed Generation (DG) units or by control through ability to distribute these over the network diffusion of I Technologies loads. The control of loads on a minute or even second basis used definitely not be doable in the past. This paper presents so a patented ICT designed for the 23 DISTRIBUTED AND COOR Gaspard LEBEL Raphaël CAIRE Nouredine HADJSAID Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab CNRS, G2Elab 38000 Grenoble, France [email protected] ABSTRACT The availability of frequency essential for any Utility to secure the power system in both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper presents a concept of coordinated (DER), load modulation controlled reserves with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements, are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant Physical demonstration performed on an off-grid system motors and resistive loads control t at the European scale within Dream FP7 INTRODUCTION European Utilities are currently facing Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES . This occurs in a parallel context of bulk generation units decommissioning driven by climate and energy policies. Such trend is willing to deprive these of part of their histori reserves suppliers. It is then system security since RES face to large frequency excursion during 2003 Italian blackout both interconnected and microgrid the opportunity become a necessity – to distribute controlled reserves over the network at any voltage These reserves could be supplied Distributed Generation (DG) units or by control through Demand Response ability to distribute these over the network is technically diffusion of Information an Technologies (ICT) close to any kind of dispatchable The control of loads on a minute or even second used definitely not be doable in the past. This paper presents so a patented ICT designed for the supply of 23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution DISTRIBUTED AND COOR FREQUENCY CONTAINMEN Nouredine HADJSAID Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab 38000 Grenoble, France [email protected] The availability of frequency-controlled reserves is essential for any Utility to secure the power system in both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper coordinated Distributed Energy oad modulation willing to supply controlled reserves. These reserves, compliant with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements, are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant Physical demonstrations have grid system. HVAC variable speed motors and resistive loads control t at the European scale within Dream FP7 are currently facing Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES in a parallel context of bulk decommissioning driven by climate and uch trend is willing to deprive these of part of their historic frequency then willing to challenge the RES-E generators face to large frequency excursion during 2003 Italian blackout [1]. Such paradigm is topical and microgrid contexts opportunity – that could perhaps even to distribute controlled reserves over the network at any voltage supplied by either co Distributed Generation (DG) units or by Demand Response (DR) ability to distribute these frequency-controlled is technically enabled by the large nformation and close to any kind of dispatchable The control of loads on a minute or even second used definitely not be doable in the past. This paper presents so a patented ICT-based application, supply of frequency-controlled reserves International Conference on Electricity Distribution DISTRIBUTED AND COORDINATED DEMAND RESPO FREQUENCY CONTAINMEN Karel KUYPERS Dep. of Electrical Engineering Technische Universitet Eindhoven Eindhoven, the Nederland [email protected] controlled reserves is essential for any Utility to secure the power system in both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper Distributed Energy willing to supply These reserves, compliant with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements, are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant s have already been HVAC variable speed motors and resistive loads control tests are now at the European scale within Dream FP7 are currently facing up to large Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES in a parallel context of bulk decommissioning driven by climate and uch trend is willing to deprive these c frequency-controlled willing to challenge the E generators can show less face to large frequency excursions as observed Such paradigm is topical contexts. that could perhaps even to distribute the frequency controlled reserves over the network at any voltage level. by either controlling Distributed Generation (DG) units or by performing load (DR) solutions. Th controlled reserves enabled by the large Communication close to any kind of dispatchable The control of loads on a minute or even second used definitely not be doable in the past. based application, controlled reserves International Conference on Electricity Distribution DINATED DEMAND RESPO FREQUENCY CONTAINMEN Karel KUYPERS Dep. of Electrical Engineering Technische Universitet Eindhoven Eindhoven, the Nederland [email protected] controlled reserves is essential for any Utility to secure the power system in both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper Distributed Energy willing to supply These reserves, compliant with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements, are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant already been HVAC variable speed are now at the European scale within Dream FP7 p to large Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES-E) in a parallel context of bulk decommissioning driven by climate and uch trend is willing to deprive these controlled willing to challenge the can show less as observed Such paradigm is topical that could perhaps even frequency- level. ntrolling performing load The reserves enabled by the large ommunication close to any kind of dispatchable The control of loads on a minute or even second based application, controlled reserves to the Dream distributed load targeted by the solution FCR range support could then relays face to major frequency excursions avoid the at any time for the system stability comply as well with down regulation the shedding The first part of the paper principle of operation presentation of the proposed of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER involved in the VPP designed CONCEPT The fast frequency regulation TU/e Energy Management Services’ devices CEMSs depending on the system frequency. these remotely CEMS computing the frequency thresholds respected by each relay. defined in order system scale a targeted power 1 Commission International Conference on Electricity Distribution DINATED DEMAND RESPONSE FOR THE SUPPLY O FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR) Dep. of Electrical Engineering Technische Universitet Eindhoven Eindhoven, the Nederland [email protected] stéphane.bediou@schneider to the power system Dream1 FP7 project distributed load targeted by the solution FCR or the Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) range (Fig. 1). By doing so, the solution support the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve ould then pre- relays face to major frequency excursions avoid to affect vital loads and the distributed g at any time for the system stability comply as well with down regulation the shedding of Distributed Generation (DG). Figure 1: Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS (data applied in ENTSO The first part of the paper principle of operation presentation of the proposed. A third of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER involved in the VPP designed CONCEPT The fast frequency regulation TU/e and Schneider Electric leads Energy Management Services’ devices CEMSs control the power supply of dispatchable load depending on the system frequency. these CEMSs remotely programmable CEMSs, a coordination platform is in charge of computing the frequency thresholds respected by each relay. defined in order system scale a targeted power Dream is a p Commission under 48Hz UFLS NSE FOR THE SUPPLY O T RESERVE (FCR) Stéphane BEDIOU Alain GLATIGNY Energy Division, Schneider Electric Industries F-38000 Grenoble, France stéphane.bediou@schneider power system. The solution developed within FP7 project is based on a coordinated shedding of distributed loads. The frequency range of operation targeted by the solution would encroach upon Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) . By doing so, the solution the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS relays face to major frequency excursions affect vital loads and generators whose availability is at any time for the system stability comply as well with down regulation of Distributed Generation (DG). : Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS (data applied in ENTSO-E’s Regional Group Continental Europe) The first part of the paper presents principle of operation. A second presentation of the advances provided by third part challenges of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER involved in the VPP designed The fast frequency regulation and Schneider Electric leads Energy Management Services’ devices control the power supply of dispatchable load depending on the system frequency. embed frequency programmable thresholds. , a coordination platform is in charge of computing the frequency shedding and reconnection thresholds respected by each relay. defined in order to reproduce by aggregation at the system scale a targeted power Dream is a project funded under FP7 grant 49.2Hz 49Hz UFLS Suitable range of Lyon, 15- NSE FOR THE SUPPLY O T RESERVE (FCR) Stéphane BEDIOU Alain GLATIGNY Energy Division, Schneider Electric Industries 38000 Grenoble, France stéphane.bediou@schneider . The solution developed within based on a coordinated shedding of The frequency range of operation would encroach upon Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) . By doing so, the solution enables the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS relays face to major frequency excursions affect vital loads and save from disconnection whose availability is at any time for the system stability. The solution would comply as well with down regulation process of Distributed Generation (DG). : Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS E’s Regional Group Continental Europe) presents the concept second part is advances provided by part challenges finally the acceptability of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER involved in the VPP designed. The fast frequency regulation proposed by Grenoble INP and Schneider Electric leads on a pool of Energy Management Services’ devices (CEMS) control the power supply of dispatchable load depending on the system frequency. To do so, e frequency-based relays thresholds. At the top of the , a coordination platform is in charge of shedding and reconnection thresholds respected by each relay. The thresholds are produce by aggregation at the system scale a targeted power-frequency characteristic. funded by agreement 609359 50Hz 49.8Hz 49.2Hz FCR 49.98Hz range of operation -18 June 2015 Paper 1037 1 NSE FOR THE SUPPLY OF Stéphane BEDIOU Alain GLATIGNY Energy Division, Schneider Electric Industries 38000 Grenoble, France sté[email protected] . The solution developed within based on a coordinated shedding of The frequency range of operation would encroach upon either the Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) enables first to the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve. It empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS . Thus it could save from disconnection whose availability is essential The solution would process thanks to of Distributed Generation (DG). : Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS E’s Regional Group Continental Europe) the concept and its part is devoted to advances provided by the method the acceptability of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER owners proposed by Grenoble INP on a pool of Customer (CEMS). These control the power supply of dispatchable load To do so, each of based relays with At the top of the , a coordination platform is in charge of shedding and reconnection The thresholds are produce by aggregation at the frequency characteristic. the European 609359 49.98Hz operation 18 June 2015 Paper 1037 1/5 . The solution developed within based on a coordinated shedding of The frequency range of operation the Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) to . It empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS could save from disconnection essential The solution would thanks to and its devoted to a method the acceptability owners proposed by Grenoble INP, Customer These control the power supply of dispatchable loads, ach of with At the top of the , a coordination platform is in charge of shedding and reconnection The thresholds are produce by aggregation at the frequency characteristic. European
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  CIRED 2015 This coordination thebehavior of bulk generation by The able with either the F Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS) A The system can be deployed secondary substation, a primary substation or larger scale, thanks to a cloud dependent architectures, the coordination platform is Terminal Unit (RTU). finally replicable autonomously from one substation to others or from one cloud The CEMS it frequency sensor, a communication channel and a microcontroller. These component independent the one from another and linked by a local ICT bus or be an all component can be directly in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device located down the met CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter, relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads willing to be driven independantly from one another. Fig. secondary substation, where the coordination platform is embed by the substation presents then example presents world deployed on an industrial site system functions of each device are The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven by the wholesale and ancillary services market framework: and devices location CEMS function T CIRED 2015 This coordination the behavior of bulk generation by any Virtual Power The present structure able to provide with either the F Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS) Architecture The system can be deployed secondary substation, a primary substation or larger scale, not correlated with thanks to a cloud dependent architectures, the coordination platform is a software Terminal Unit (RTU). finally replicable autonomously from one substation to others or from one cloud The CEMS it frequency sensor, a communication channel and a microcontroller. These component independent the one from another and linked by a local ICT bus or be an all component can be directly in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device located down the met CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter, relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads willing to be driven independantly from one another. Fig. 2 presents secondary substation, where the coordination platform is embed by the substation presents then example presents an all world. Fig. 3(b) deployed on an industrial site system, with variable speed motors functions of each device are The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven by the wholesale and ancillary services market framework: • Regulated • Deregulated and by the communication channels available devices location • Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link the Utility power • ADSL, 3G only, etc. CEMS function The CEMS carries out two main functions 1. Inform periodically or on event the platform of the power 23 This coordination enables the behavior of bulk generation Virtual Power Plant (VPP) structure. present structure constitutes an autonomous system to provide frequency-controlled reserves, compliant with either the Frequency C Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS) rchitecture The system can be deployed secondary substation, a primary substation or not correlated with thanks to a cloud-oriented architecture. dependent architectures, the coordination platform a software, is embeded Terminal Unit (RTU). Being an finally replicable autonomously from one substation to others or from one cloud-portfolio to others. The CEMS itself is composed of a power meter, a frequency sensor, a communication channel and a microcontroller. These component independent the one from another and linked by a local ICT bus or be an all-in-one component. The all component can be directly embed in a utility power meter in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device located down the meter in a “deregulated world”. CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter, relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads willing to be driven independantly from one another. presents an architecture designed at the scale of the secondary substation, where the coordination platform is embed by the substation’s presents then examples of CEMS architectures all-in-one CEMS, adapted to the domestic (b) presents a split architecture, deployed on an industrial site , with variable speed motors functions of each device are The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven by the wholesale and ancillary services market egulated eregulated the communication channels available devices location: Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link Utility power meters and the substation RTU 3G only, etc. CEMS functions he CEMS carries out two main functions Inform periodically or on event the latform of the power willing to be shed by the relays 23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution enables finally to reproduce virtually the behavior of bulk generation units, as Plant (VPP) structure. constitutes an autonomous system controlled reserves, compliant Containment Reserve (FCR) or Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS) The system can be deployed locally at the scale secondary substation, a primary substation or not correlated with the network topology oriented architecture. dependent architectures, the coordination platform ed in the substation Remote Being an autonomous system, finally replicable autonomously from one substation to portfolio to others. composed of a power meter, a frequency sensor, a communication channel and a microcontroller. These components can be either independent the one from another and linked by a local one component. The all embed in a utility power meter in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device er in a “deregulated world”. CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter, relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads willing to be driven independantly from one another. an architecture designed at the scale of the secondary substation, where the coordination platform is ’s RTU. Fig. 3(a) of CEMS architectures one CEMS, adapted to the domestic presents a split architecture, deployed on an industrial site. It presents , with variable speed motors. In functions of each device are highlighted in green The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven by the wholesale and ancillary services market the communication channels available Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link meters and the substation RTU he CEMS carries out two main functions Inform periodically or on event the willing to be shed by the relays International Conference on Electricity Distribution to reproduce virtually as usually targeted Plant (VPP) structure. constitutes an autonomous system controlled reserves, compliant Reserve (FCR) or Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS). at the scale of a secondary substation, a primary substation or even at a the network topology oriented architecture. In topology dependent architectures, the coordination platform which the substation Remote autonomous system, it finally replicable autonomously from one substation to portfolio to others. composed of a power meter, a frequency sensor, a communication channel and a s can be either independent the one from another and linked by a local one component. The all-in- embed in a utility power meter in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device er in a “deregulated world”. The CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter, relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads willing to be driven independantly from one another. an architecture designed at the scale of the secondary substation, where the coordination platform is Fig. 3(a) and 3(b) of CEMS architectures. Fig. 3 one CEMS, adapted to the domestic presents a split architecture, willing to be It presents an HVAC In Fig. 3(b), the highlighted in green. The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven by the wholesale and ancillary services market the communication channels available at the Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link meters and the substation RTU he CEMS carries out two main functions: Inform periodically or on event the coordination willing to be shed by the relays International Conference on Electricity Distribution to reproduce virtually usually targeted constitutes an autonomous system controlled reserves, compliant Reserve (FCR) or of a even at a the network topology n topology- which the substation Remote it is finally replicable autonomously from one substation to composed of a power meter, a frequency sensor, a communication channel and a s can be either independent the one from another and linked by a local -one embed in a utility power meter in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device The CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter, relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads an architecture designed at the scale of the secondary substation, where the coordination platform is 3(b) 3(a) one CEMS, adapted to the domestic willing to be an HVAC , the The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven by the wholesale and ancillary services market at the Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link meters and the substation RTU oordination willing to be shed by the relays 2. To do so embeds to and forward this value to the coordination platform, thanks to its communication channel. The is then by comparing the system frequency measured locally with a frequency threshold coordination platform Co The c functions 1. 2. 3. Coordination Agent POFF(f) Secondary Substation International Conference on Electricity Distribution it controls. 2. Process autonomously in real regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of the loads he controls. To do so, the CEMS lead embeds to measure and forward this value to the coordination platform, thanks to its communication channel. The then in charge by comparing the system frequency measured locally with a frequency threshold coordination platform Fig Fig oordination platform function The coordination platform functions: 1. Gather from all of the CEMS the close to real data of the power amount 2. Gather the end term of both marginal activation cost and frequency range of contribution 3. Set the load shedding order of each portfolio, based on this acceptance Peer- Primary Support Coordination Agent Bottom POFF(f) Load 1 … Load i … Load 3 Load 2 UFLS Range of operation Market platform Clearing results Fa Secondary Substation Process autonomously in real regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of the loads he controls. , the CEMS leads first on the measure the power consumption of the loads and forward this value to the coordination platform, thanks to its communication channel. The in charge in real-time of driving t by comparing the system frequency measured locally with a frequency threshold received coordination platform. Fig 2. Large scale architecture Fig 3. CEMS architectures ordination platform function oordination platform ather from all of the CEMS the close to real data of the power amount ather the end-users load shedding acceptance of both marginal activation cost and frequency range of contribution. the load shedding order of each portfolio, based on this acceptance UFLS relays Primary Substation -to-peer Bottom-up FCR operation Fb Lyon, 15- Process autonomously in real-time the frequency regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of s first on the the power consumption of the loads and forward this value to the coordination platform, thanks to its communication channel. The microcontroller of driving the relay position, by comparing the system frequency measured locally received meanwhile . Large scale architecture . CEMS architectures ordination platform functions oordination platform carries out ather from all of the CEMS the close to real data of the power amount available for shedding users load shedding acceptance of both marginal activation cost and frequency the load shedding order of each portfolio, based on this acceptance criteria Bulk Business as FCR supplier f -18 June 2015 Paper 1037 2 time the frequency regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of s first on the controller he the power consumption of the loads and forward this value to the coordination platform, microcontroller he relay position, by comparing the system frequency measured locally meanwhile from the . Large scale architecture carries out five major ather from all of the CEMS the close to real-time available for shedding. users load shedding acceptance, in of both marginal activation cost and frequency the load shedding order of each load of the criteria. Bulk Generation Business as usual FCR supplier Primary Support Coordination Agent 18 June 2015 Paper 1037 2/5 time the frequency regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of controller he the power consumption of the loads and forward this value to the coordination platform, microcontroller he relay position, by comparing the system frequency measured locally from the major time , in of both marginal activation cost and frequency load of the Coordination Agent
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  CIRED 2015 Coordination Platform Fig. twofunctions that major detailed Fig INNOVATION ADVANCES Robustness The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from: It can be noticed that the real load shedding and reconnection the CEMs. periodic or event processes. distribution of the real CIRED 2015 4. Calculate the frequency threshold of 5. Broadcast the frequency Coordination Platform Fig. 4 presents a simplified flow two functions that major functions of the coordination p detailed. Figure 4: Flowchart and structure of the messages exchanged between a INNOVATION ADVANCES Robustness The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from: • The architecture of system monitoring coordination platform gathers the power consumption of each load directly monitored by each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is performed • The coordination of the coordination platform decides by itself time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of its portfolio. • The distribution of the decision process CEMS decides shedding and reconnection on-site system frequency monitoring, comply with the frequency behavior decided upstream by the coordination platform. • The replicability of the solution {coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is replicable enables to constitute pools of reasonnable size whose failure does not induce a danger for the system stability. It can be noticed that the real load shedding and reconnection the CEMs. The coordination platform performs only periodic or event processes. distribution of the real Coordination Platform Define load shedding priority Build Droop Curve of Fig. 5: Assign Frequency Threshold fth Load Activation criteria Algo. Fig.6 23 the frequency threshold of Broadcast the frequency Coordination Platform presents a simplified flow two functions that belongs functions of the coordination p chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a coordination platform and a CEMS INNOVATION ADVANCES The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from: The architecture of system monitoring coordination platform gathers the power consumption of each load directly monitored by each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is performed only by the CEMSs The coordination of the coordination platform decides by itself time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of its portfolio. The distribution of the decision process CEMS decides finally autonomously shedding and reconnection ite system frequency monitoring, comply with the frequency behavior decided upstream by the coordination platform. replicability of the solution {coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is replicable autonomously the one from another. enables to constitute of reasonnable size whose failure does not induce a danger for the system stability. It can be noticed that the real load shedding and reconnection The coordination platform performs only periodic or event processes. distribution of the real-time processes Coordination Platform Ask for a frequency Threshold fthi(t), Provide Load Consumption Pi(t) Define load - shedding priority Build Droop Curve Assign Frequency thi(t) Assign frequency Threshold fthi(t), Periodic Process Msg Msg 23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution the frequency threshold of each load. Broadcast the frequency threshold to each C Coordination Platform – CEMSs Interactions presents a simplified flowchart that includes the belongs to the CEMS and functions of the coordination platform chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a coordination platform and a CEMS INNOVATION ADVANCES The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from: The architecture of system monitoring coordination platform gathers the power consumption of each load directly monitored by each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is only by the CEMSs. The coordination of the solution behavior coordination platform decides by itself time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of The distribution of the decision process finally autonomously shedding and reconnection of the loads ite system frequency monitoring, comply with the frequency behavior decided upstream by the coordination platform. replicability of the solution {coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is onomously the one from another. enables to constitute at the system scale, several of reasonnable size whose failure does not induce a danger for the system stability. It can be noticed that the real-time processes load shedding and reconnection – are performed o The coordination platform performs only periodic or event processes. As detailed abo time processes among the agents CEMS i i= Monitor f t- Update fth Continuous Real Time process F(t Yes International Conference on Electricity Distribution each load. threshold to each CEMS. Interactions chart that includes the to the CEMS and the five latform previously chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a coordination platform and a CEMS The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from: The architecture of system monitoring: the coordination platform gathers the power consumption of each load directly monitored by each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is then solution behavior: the coordination platform decides by itself before real time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of The distribution of the decision process: Each finally autonomously of of the loads, thanks to an ite system frequency monitoring, in order to comply with the frequency behavior previously decided upstream by the coordination platform. replicability of the solution: Each set of {coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is onomously the one from another. at the system scale, several of reasonnable size whose failure does not induce a danger for the system stability. time processes – mainly the are performed only by The coordination platform performs only As detailed above, among the agents t=t+dt CEMS i =1...N Monitor f(t) dt<1s t0>∆t ∆t~15min Continuous Real Time process t) < fthi Open Relay Close Relay Yes No International Conference on Electricity Distribution chart that includes the the five previously chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from: : the coordination platform gathers the power consumption of each load directly monitored by then : the ore real- time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of : Each of the , thanks to an in order to previously : Each set of {coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is onomously the one from another. It at the system scale, several of reasonnable size whose failure does not mainly the nly by The coordination platform performs only ve, this among the agents is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the communication delay nor even a minutes communication links can st distributed frequency CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order only from an on Intelligence The intelligence of the combined algorithm definition and frequency thresholds algorithm is to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale bids of frequency each bid cost, which depends on of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power frequency characteristic, while the selling b commonly a power amount in all For clearing easiness, the whole purch characteristics are power Fa] The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the assignment of a frequency threshold performed per faj], with fa starting from the range the closest to the normal frequency. For each range defined in the whole interval order, up to reach the demand of the interval. price can be either a bid price or a spot price. algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy pric shedding considered as input for the clearing. The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER assigned for operation within equa For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a power each range depending on the adapted to comply as well with non even within of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in Open Relay Close Relay International Conference on Electricity Distribution is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the communication delay nor even a minutes communication links can st distributed frequency CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order only from an on- Intelligence The intelligence of the combined algorithm definition and frequency thresholds algorithm is run by the coordination platform to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale bids of frequency ach bid is defined by a function of marginal shedding cost, which depends on of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power frequency characteristic, while the selling b commonly a power amount in all-or-nothing For clearing easiness, the whole purch characteristics are power-frequency characteristic Fa], regardless their limit prices. The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the assignment of a frequency threshold performed per J ], with fa1 = F starting from the range the closest to the normal frequency. For each range ∆ defined in the whole interval order, up to reach the demand of the interval. price can be either a bid price or a spot price. algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy price. In case of energy price, shedding depending on the frequency threshold is considered as input for the clearing. The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER assigned for operation within equation (1). (1) with , ∆ For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a power-frequency characteristic defined as linear within each range ∆fj depending on the adapted to comply as well with non even within ∆fj. of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the communication delay nor even a minutes communication links can st distributed frequency-controlled reserves, since the CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order -site system frequency monitoring The intelligence of the innovation comes then from combined algorithm (Fig. 6 definition and frequency thresholds run by the coordination platform to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale bids of frequency-controlled reserves. is defined by a function of marginal shedding cost, which depends on the frequency of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power frequency characteristic, while the selling b commonly a power amount per nothing for simplicity of operation. For clearing easiness, the whole purch characteristics are first aggregated under a resultant frequency characteristic , regardless their limit prices. The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the assignment of a frequency threshold J adjacent sub- = Fa and fbJ =Fb starting from the range the closest to the normal For each range ∆fj, the DER defined in the whole interval ∆ order, up to reach the demand of the interval. price can be either a bid price or a spot price. algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy e. In case of energy price, depending on the frequency threshold is considered as input for the clearing. The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER assigned for operation within ; , ∑ !" #$ " 1 , & For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a frequency characteristic defined as linear within . The slope can however be different depending on the range ∆fj. This equation could be easily adapted to comply as well with non . Fig. 5 presents schematically the effect of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in Lyon, 15- is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the communication delay nor even a minutes communication links can stop the supply of these controlled reserves, since the CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order site system frequency monitoring innovation comes then from . 6) of load-shedding order definition and frequency thresholds computation run by the coordination platform to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale controlled reserves. In term of price, is defined by a function of marginal shedding frequency thres of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power frequency characteristic, while the selling b per DER which is activated for simplicity of operation. For clearing easiness, the whole purch aggregated under a resultant frequency characteristic, defined in a range [Fb ; , regardless their limit prices. The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the assignment of a frequency threshold to each DE -frequency ranges =Fb. The ranges starting from the range the closest to the normal he DER whose price functions are defined in the whole interval ∆fj, are selected at the merit order, up to reach the demand of the interval. price can be either a bid price or a spot price. algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy e. In case of energy price, a probability of load depending on the frequency threshold is considered as input for the clearing. The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER assigned for operation within an interval ∆ ' ( ∑) *+, ∑ #$ *+, & - . /- . 0 & 0 0 - -0 For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a frequency characteristic defined as linear within The slope can however be different This equation could be easily adapted to comply as well with non-linear characteristic presents schematically the effect of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in -18 June 2015 Paper 1037 3 is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the communication delay nor even a minutes-long loss of op the supply of these controlled reserves, since the CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order site system frequency monitoring. innovation comes then from shedding order computation. This run by the coordination platform. It enables to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale In term of price, is defined by a function of marginal shedding threshold. In term of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power frequency characteristic, while the selling bids are which is activated for simplicity of operation. For clearing easiness, the whole purchasing aggregated under a resultant , defined in a range [Fb ; The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the to each DER, is then frequency ranges ∆fj = [fbj . The ranges are scanned starting from the range the closest to the normal system whose price functions are selected at the merit order, up to reach the demand of the interval. The trading price can be either a bid price or a spot price. The algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy a probability of load depending on the frequency threshold is The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER interval ∆fj follows the 1*, 1*, /- - ∆ 0 0 - -0 For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a frequency characteristic defined as linear within The slope can however be different This equation could be easily linear characteristic presents schematically the effect of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in Fig. 5 is to 18 June 2015 Paper 1037 3/5 is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the long loss of op the supply of these controlled reserves, since the CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order innovation comes then from a shedding order . This enables to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale In term of price, is defined by a function of marginal shedding . In term of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power- ids are which is activated asing aggregated under a resultant , defined in a range [Fb ; The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the R, is then = [fbj ; are scanned system whose price functions are selected at the merit The trading The algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy a probability of load- depending on the frequency threshold is The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER follows the For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a frequency characteristic defined as linear within The slope can however be different This equation could be easily linear characteristic presents schematically the effect to
• 4.
  CIRED 2015 extend eachpiled block of dispatchable power am frequency axis up to cross the targeted power characteristic, presented as The DER offers not purchased within sale in the range can face the competition from DER that used not to be defined in Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the algorithm considers tolerance l both curves stays close enough at the clearing output. The aggregat to system scale demand. The algorithm integrates finally a l process to cancel the trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the purchaser accept the purchase of exactl final bid partially cut CIRED 2015 extend each piled block of dispatchable power am frequency axis up to cross the targeted power characteristic, presented as Figure The DER offers not purchased within sale in the range can face the competition from DER that used not to be defined in ∆fj. Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the algorithm considers tolerance l both curves stays close enough at the clearing output. The aggregation to make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the system scale demand. The algorithm integrates finally a l process to cancel the trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the purchaser. According to the same logic, a purchaser can accept the purchase of exactly equal to his initial purchase bid, or final bid partially cut Load- shedding order 23 extend each piled block of dispatchable power am frequency axis up to cross the targeted power characteristic, presented as linear in the present example. Figure 5: Targeted step The DER offers not purchased within sale in the range ∆fj+1, if they are still defined, where they can face the competition from DER that used not to be . Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the algorithm considers tolerance l both curves stays close enough at the clearing output. ion of small size offers make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the system scale demand. The algorithm integrates finally a l process to cancel the potential trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the . According to the same logic, a purchaser can accept the purchase of power y equal to his initial purchase bid, or final bid partially cut during Figure POFF (f) faj Load 1 … Load i … Load 3 Load 2 i=1…Kj Pofftotj fth 23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution extend each piled block of dispatchable power am frequency axis up to cross the targeted power linear in the present example. : Targeted step-by-step droop curve The DER offers not purchased within ∆f if they are still defined, where they can face the competition from DER that used not to be Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the algorithm considers tolerance limits, to guarantee that both curves stays close enough at the clearing output. of small size offers is however supposed make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the The algorithm integrates finally a loop of bids validation potential purchase of reserves at a trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the . According to the same logic, a purchaser can power-frequency characteristic y equal to his initial purchase bid, or during the market clearing gure 6: Frequency ∑ !2 3$ 245 fbj thj fth3 fth2 fth1 International Conference on Electricity Distribution extend each piled block of dispatchable power among the frequency axis up to cross the targeted power-frequency linear in the present example. step droop curve ∆fj are put back for if they are still defined, where they can face the competition from DER that used not to be Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the imits, to guarantee that both curves stays close enough at the clearing output. is however supposed make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the oop of bids validation purchase of reserves at a trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the . According to the same logic, a purchaser can frequency characteristic y equal to his initial purchase bid, or accept as well clearing. Frequency market c Slope of the power-frequency characteristic targeted f j International Conference on Electricity Distribution ong the frequency linear in the present example. are put back for if they are still defined, where they can face the competition from DER that used not to be Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the imits, to guarantee that both curves stays close enough at the clearing output. is however supposed make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the oop of bids validation purchase of reserves at a trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the . According to the same logic, a purchaser can frequency characteristic accept as well PERSPECTIVES As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of the present concept upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the owners. Utility acceptance Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network operators of its contribution in real disturbance. The first ste solution design which is compliant with FCR requirements, defined in Load network stability studies the benefit on stability instance islanded power unique on the model of Kuching Island power system [ reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth the opposite imbalance that occurs large system without the availability of enough reversible reserve [ Real a 4kVA off droop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted and then the time response of the five CEMS designed just for these tests [ market clearing and threshold International Conference on Electricity Distribution PERSPECTIVES As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of the present concept upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the owners. Utility acceptance Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network erators of its contribution in real disturbance. The first step toward system stability solution design which is compliant with FCR requirements, defined in Load-Frequency Control and Reserves [ network stability studies the benefit on stability instance the interest of the solution landed power unique interconnection. on the model of Kuching Island power system [ reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth the opposite imbalance that occurs large tripping of UFLS relays system without the availability of enough reversible reserve [4]. Real-time physical a 4kVA off-grid system to check first the accuracy of the oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted and then the time response of the five CEMS designed just for these tests [ threshold assignment algorithm PERSPECTIVES As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of the present concept is conditioned by its adoption upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the Utility acceptance Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network benefit on system stability, its effective contribution in real-time and its robustness face to any toward system stability solution design which is compliant with FCR requirements, defined in the ENTSO Frequency Control and Reserves [ network stability studies have then been performed to test the benefit on stability. The first studies the interest of the solution system, following the interconnection. These tests have been performed on the model of Kuching Island power system [ reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth the opposite imbalance that occurs tripping of UFLS relays system without the availability of enough reversible physical tests have grid system to check first the accuracy of the oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted and then the time response of the five CEMS designed just for these tests [5]. assignment algorithm Lyon, 15- As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of conditioned by its adoption upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network system stability, its effective time and its robustness face to any toward system stability is solution design which is compliant with FCR the ENTSO-E Network Code on Frequency Control and Reserves [ have then been performed to test first studies demonstra the interest of the solution to secure following the tripping of its These tests have been performed on the model of Kuching Island power system [ reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth the opposite imbalance that occurs in K tripping of UFLS relays, and which is fatal for the system without the availability of enough reversible s have been performed grid system to check first the accuracy of the oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted and then the time response of the five CEMS designed assignment algorithm -18 June 2015 Paper 1037 4 As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of conditioned by its adoption upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the DER Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network system stability, its effective time and its robustness face to any is ensured by a solution design which is compliant with FCR E Network Code on Frequency Control and Reserves [2]. Dynamic have then been performed to test demonstrate for ecure an almost tripping of its These tests have been performed on the model of Kuching Island power system [3]. The reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth in Kuching after a , and which is fatal for the system without the availability of enough reversible been performed as well on grid system to check first the accuracy of the oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted and then the time response of the five CEMS designed 18 June 2015 Paper 1037 4/5 As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of conditioned by its adoption DER Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network system stability, its effective time and its robustness face to any by a solution design which is compliant with FCR E Network Code on Dynamic have then been performed to test for an almost tripping of its These tests have been performed he reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth after a , and which is fatal for the system without the availability of enough reversible as well on grid system to check first the accuracy of the oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
• 5.
  CIRED 2015 Finally, already beenchallenged robustness deployment of a cloud interconnected Electric Malpensa Airport demonstration DER owner acceptance On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of success. identi The targeting domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [ would become easily compliant with the present solution, by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters. On the tertiary controllers like logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and pumping solutions down flexibility required. The M171 CEMS script installation. compliant as well. The lead to each CEMS at the expen platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi, and no port opening to become accessible from outside. The finally of the threshold assigned to each from the nominal frequency it is, the less shed 49.9Hz ENTSO number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz (data from may 2005 frequency threshold assignment algorithm limit enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that CIRED 2015 Finally, the robustness face to any already been challenged robustness would then deployment of a cloud interconnected Electric headquarter, Malpensa Airport demonstration DER owner acceptance On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of success. The three main kinds of disturbances have been identified: 1. The complexity of t existing facility 2. The cyber connect the DER to a communication channel 3. The number and the length of DER shedding events. The complexity of the CEMS integration targeting specific loads, domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [ would become easily compliant with the present solution, by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters. On the tertiary controllers like logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and pumping solutions down flexibility required. The M171 CEMS script installation. Some other domestic and tertiary could be compliant as well. The cyber-security issues lead to each CEMS at the expen platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi, and no port opening to become accessible from outside. The question finally of the threshold assigned to each from the nominal frequency it is, the less shedding occurs 49.9Hz is on average ENTSO-E Northern Europe synchronous area, the number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz (data from may 2005 frequency threshold assignment algorithm limit a frequency range of operation enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that 23 robustness face to any already been challenged in the previous paragraph would then be challenged in 2015 by the deployment of a cloud-oriented demonstrator, controlling interconnected DER. These DER are headquarter, Grenoble INP buildings Malpensa Airport and ICCS demonstration field tests. DER owner acceptance On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of The three main kinds of disturbances have been complexity of the CEMS existing facility. cyber-security issues inherent to the need to connect the DER to a communication channel The number and the length of DER shedding events. complexity of the CEMS integration specific loads, as domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [ would become easily compliant with the present solution, by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters. On the tertiary side, the association of variable speed controllers like the Altivar logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and pumping solutions is willing down flexibility required. The M171 CEMS script and connects Some other domestic and tertiary could be compliant as well. security issues are lead to each CEMS at the expen platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi, and no port opening to become accessible from outside. question of shedding event finally of the threshold assigned to each from the nominal frequency it is, the less ding occurs. While the frequency threshold of on average reached up to 339 times per day, E Northern Europe synchronous area, the number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz (data from may 2005 to april 2006, frequency threshold assignment algorithm frequency range of operation enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that 23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution robustness face to any ICT in the previous paragraph be challenged in 2015 by the oriented demonstrator, controlling . These DER are located in Grenoble INP buildings ICCS facilities (Greece DER owner acceptance On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of The three main kinds of disturbances have been he CEMS integration security issues inherent to the need to connect the DER to a communication channel The number and the length of DER shedding events. complexity of the CEMS integration as described in domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [ would become easily compliant with the present solution, by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters. the association of variable speed [7] with an M171 [ logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and is willing to provide easily down flexibility required. The M171 embed cts to existing Some other domestic and tertiary could be are partly solved lead to each CEMS at the expense of the coordination platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi, and no port opening to become accessible from outside. shedding event occurrence finally of the threshold assigned to each from the nominal frequency it is, the less While the frequency threshold of reached up to 339 times per day, E Northern Europe synchronous area, the number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz april 2006, [9]). The frequency threshold assignment algorithm frequency range of operation enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that International Conference on Electricity Distribution ICT disturbance in the previous paragraph. Such be challenged in 2015 by the oriented demonstrator, controlling located in Schneider Grenoble INP buildings, Milano Greece) as Dream On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of The three main kinds of disturbances have been integration on an security issues inherent to the need to connect the DER to a communication channel. The number and the length of DER shedding events. complexity of the CEMS integration is addressed described in Fig. 3. On the domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [ would become easily compliant with the present solution, by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters. the association of variable speed M171 [8], the last logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and easily the up and embeds directly existing sensors of the Some other domestic and tertiary could be solved by giving the se of the coordination platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi, and no port opening to become accessible from outside. occurrence depends finally of the threshold assigned to each DER: the further from the nominal frequency it is, the less frequency While the frequency threshold of reached up to 339 times per day, E Northern Europe synchronous area, the number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz . The ability of the frequency threshold assignment algorithm (Fig. 6) frequency range of operation for each DER enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that International Conference on Electricity Distribution has . Such be challenged in 2015 by the oriented demonstrator, controlling Schneider Milano Dream1 On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of The three main kinds of disturbances have been on an security issues inherent to the need to The number and the length of DER shedding events. is addressed by . On the domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [6] would become easily compliant with the present solution, by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters. the association of variable speed ], the last logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and the up and the of the Some other domestic and tertiary could be by giving the se of the coordination platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi, and no port opening to become accessible from outside. depends DER: the further frequency While the frequency threshold of reached up to 339 times per day, in E Northern Europe synchronous area, the number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz ability of the ) to each DER enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that is willing to reduce its adoption relectance. events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb the DER processes (at 49. with an average duration of 1.5s [ CONCLUSION The present concept has been developed with the objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue of lack of frequency locations convince Utilities through business models for the whole power system chain will to 2016. Acknowledgments The development of this concept has been sponsored by Schneider Electric, Energy BU, the European Commission within the framework of Dream n° REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] International Conference on Electricity Distribution is willing to reduce its adoption relectance. events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb the DER processes (at 49. with an average duration of 1.5s [ CONCLUSION The present concept has been developed with the objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue of lack of frequency locations, including convince Utilities through new demonstration business models for the whole power system chain will be Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP to 2016. Acknowledgments The development of this concept has been sponsored by Schneider Electric, Energy BU, the European Commission within the framework of Dream FP7 European project n° 609359. REFERENCES ENTSO-E, 2004, “ Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy ENTSO-E, "Network Code on Load Reserves" ENTSO AISBL, Brussels, Belgium, Dec Denis Lee Hau Aik, model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21, no.2, pp.709,717, May 2 G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S Glatigny, "Distributed Frequency-controlled reserves supply", Eindhoven IEEE G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A. Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session. Schneider Electric, 2014, " for the home, Bring the essenc Electric, Paris, France Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive 3-phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW Schneider Electric, Paris, France Schneider Electric, 2014, "Modicon Controller, Hardware User M France Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data," Energy Society General Meeting Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE pp.1,5, 20-24 July 2008 is willing to reduce its adoption relectance. events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb the DER processes (at 49.8Hz, 95% last less than 27s, with an average duration of 1.5s [ CONCLUSION The present concept has been developed with the objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue of lack of frequency-controlled reserves in some , including microgrid convince Utilities and DER owners demonstration business models for the whole power system chain Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP Acknowledgments The development of this concept has been sponsored by Schneider Electric, Energy BU, the European Commission within the framework of FP7 European project REFERENCES , 2004, “FINAL REPORT of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy E, "Network Code on Load Reserves" ENTSO-E Definitions and Acronyms", ENTSO AISBL, Brussels, Belgium, Dec Lee Hau Aik, A general model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21, no.2, pp.709,717, May 2006. G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S Glatigny, "Distributed and Coordinated Demand Response for controlled reserves supply", Eindhoven IEEE, in press (abstract G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A. Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session. Schneider Electric, 2014, "Wiser: energy management solutions for the home, Bring the essenc Electric, Paris, France Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW Schneider Electric, Paris, France Schneider Electric, 2014, "Modicon Controller, Hardware User M Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data," Society General Meeting Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE 24 July 2008 Lyon, 15- is willing to reduce its adoption relectance. events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb 8Hz, 95% last less than 27s, with an average duration of 1.5s [9]). The present concept has been developed with the objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue controlled reserves in some microgrid. Next step is now to and DER owners of its robustness, demonstrations and to define suitable business models for the whole power system chain Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP The development of this concept has been sponsored by Schneider Electric, Energy BU, Utility Innovation and the European Commission within the framework of FP7 European project [2], under grant agreement FINAL REPORT of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy E, "Network Code on Load-Frequency Control and E Definitions and Acronyms", ENTSO AISBL, Brussels, Belgium, Dec 2012. A general-order system frequency response model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21, G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S and Coordinated Demand Response for controlled reserves supply", PowerTech 2015 IEEE abstract waiting for approval). G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A. Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session. Wiser: energy management solutions for the home, Bring the essence of energy efficiency Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW Schneider Electric, Paris, France Schneider Electric, 2014, "Modicon M171 Performance Logic Controller, Hardware User Manual", Schneider Electric, Paris, Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data," Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE -18 June 2015 Paper 1037 5 is willing to reduce its adoption relectance. Moreover the events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb 8Hz, 95% last less than 27s, The present concept has been developed with the objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue controlled reserves in some Next step is now to of its robustness, and to define suitable business models for the whole power system chain. That Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP priority up The development of this concept has been sponsored by Utility Innovation and the European Commission within the framework of , under grant agreement FINAL REPORT of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy” Frequency Control and E Definitions and Acronyms", ENTSO- order system frequency response model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21, G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou and A. and Coordinated Demand Response for PowerTech 2015 IEEE waiting for approval). G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A. Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session. Wiser: energy management solutions e of energy efficiency", Schneider Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive for phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW, Catalogue Performance Logic anual", Schneider Electric, Paris, Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data," Power and Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE , vol., no., 18 June 2015 Paper 1037 5/5 Moreover the events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb 8Hz, 95% last less than 27s, The present concept has been developed with the objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue controlled reserves in some Next step is now to of its robustness, and to define suitable hat priority up The development of this concept has been sponsored by Utility Innovation and the European Commission within the framework of , under grant agreement FINAL REPORT of the Investigation Frequency Control and -E order system frequency response model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21, . Bediou and A. and Coordinated Demand Response for PowerTech 2015 IEEE G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A. Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and Wiser: energy management solutions ", Schneider for , Catalogue", Performance Logic anual", Schneider Electric, Paris, Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating Power and Conversion and Delivery of , vol., no.,