Cisco OpenSOC
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The document discusses OpenSOC, an open source security operations center platform for analyzing 1.2 million network packets per second in real time. It provides an overview of the business case for OpenSOC, the solution architecture and design, best practices and lessons learned from deploying OpenSOC at scale. The presentation covers topics like optimizing Kafka, HBase and Storm performance through techniques like tuning configurations, designing row keys, managing region splits, and handling errors. It also discusses integrating analytics tools and the community partnership opportunities around OpenSOC.
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r
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{
“msg_key1”: “msg value1”,
“src_ip”: “10.20.30.40”,
“dest_ip”: “20.30.40.50”,
“domain”: “mydomain.com”
}
Who
Is
Enrich
"geo":[ {"region":"CA",
"postalCode":"95134",
"areaCode":"408",
"metroCode":"807",
"longitude":-121.946,
"latitude":37.425,
"locId":4522,
"city":"San Jose",
"country":"US"
}]
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"whois":[ {
"OrgId":"CISCOS",
"Parent":"NET-144-0-0-0-0",
"OrgAbuseName":"Cisco Systems Inc",
"RegDate":"1991-01-171991-01-17",
"OrgName":"Cisco Systems",
"Address":"170 West Tasman Drive",
"NetType":"Direct Assignment"
} ],
“cif”:”Yes”
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CIF Data](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/opensoc-v0-140605211705-phpapp01/85/Cisco-OpenSOC-18-320.jpg)
Cisco OpenSOC
- 1. OpenSOC The Open Security Operations Center for Analyzing 1.2 Million Network Packets per Second in Real TimeJames Sirota, Big Data Architect Cisco Security Solutions Practice [email protected] Sheetal Dolas Principal Architect Hortonworks [email protected] June 3, 2014
- 2. 2 Problem Statement & Business Case for OpenSOC Solution Architecture and Design Best Practices and Lessons Learned Q & A Over Next Few Minutes
- 4. 4 fatalism: It's no longer if or when you get hacked, but the assumption is that you've already been hacked, with a focus on minimizing the damage.” Source: Dark Reading / Security’s New Reality: Assume The Worst
- 5. 5 Breaches Happen in Hours… But Go Undetected for Months or Even Years Source: 2013 Data Breach Investigations Report Seconds Minutes Hours Days Weeks Months Years Initial Attack to Initial Compromise 10% 75% 12% 2% 0% 1% 1% Initial Compromise to Data Exfiltration 8% 38% 14% 25% 8% 8% 0% Initial Compromise to Discovery 0% 0% 2% 13% 29% 54% 2% Discovery to Containment/ Restoration 0% 1% 9% 32% 38% 17% 4% Timespan of events by percent of breaches In 60% of breaches, data is stolen in hours 54% of breaches are not discovered for months
- 6. 6 Cisco Global Cloud Index Source: 2014 Cisco Global Cloud Index
- 7. 7 Introducing OpenSOC Intersection of Big Data and Security Analytics Multi Petabyte Storage Interactive Query Real-Time Search Scalable Stream Processing Unstructured Data Data Access Control Scalable Compute OpenSOC Real-Time Alerts Anomaly Detection Data Correlation Rules and Reports Predictive Modeling UI and Applications Big Data Platform Hadoop
- 8. 8 OpenSOC Journey Sept 2013 First Prototype Dec 2013 Hortonworks joins the project March 2014 Platform development finished Sept 2014 General Availability May 2014 CR Work off April 2014 First beta test at customer site
- 10. 10 OpenSOC Conceptual Architecture Raw Network Stream Network Metadata Stream Netflow Syslog Raw Application Logs Other Streaming Telemetry HiveHBase Raw Packet Store Long-Term Store Elastic Search Real-Time Index Network Packet Mining and PCAP Reconstruction Log Mining and Analytics Big Data Exploration, Predictive Modeling Applications + Analyst Tools Parse+Format Enrich Alert Threat Intelligence Feeds Enrichment Data
- 11. 11 Raw Network Packet Capture, Store, Traffic Reconstruction Telemetry Ingest, Enrichment and Real-Time Rules-Based Alerts Real-Time Telemetry Search and Cross-Telemetry Matching Automated Reports, Anomaly Detection and Anomaly Alerts Key Functional Capabilities
- 12. 12 Fully-Backed by Cisco and Used Internally for Multiple Customers Free, Open Source and Apache Licensed Built on Highly-Scalable and Proven Platforms (Hadoop, Kafka, Storm) Extensible and Pluggable Design Flexible Deployment Model (On-Premise or Cloud) Centralize your processes, people and data The OpenSOC Advantage
- 13. 13 OpenSOC Deployment at Cisco Hardware footprint (40u) 14 Data Nodes (UCS C240 M3) 3 Cluster Control Nodes (UCS C220 M3) 2 ESX Hypervisor Hosts (UCS C220 M3) 1 PCAP Processor (UCS C220 M3 + Napatech NIC) 2 SourceFire Threat alert processors 1 Anue Network Traffic splitter 1 Router 1 48 Port 10GE Switch Software Stack HDP 2.1 Kafka 0.8 Elastic Search 1.1 MySQL 5.5
- 14. 14 OpenSOC - Stitching Things Together AccessMessaging SystemData CollectionSource Systems StorageReal Time Processing StormKafka B Topic N Topic Elastic Search Index Web Services Search PCAP Reconstruction HBase PCAP Table Analytic Tools R / Python Power Pivot Tableau Hive Raw Data ORC Passive Tap PCAP Topic DPI Topic A Topic Telemetry Sources Syslog HTTP File System Other Flume Agent A Agent B Agent N B Topology N Topology A Topology PCAP Traffic Replicato r PCAP Topology DPI Topology
- 15. 15 OpenSOC - Stitching Things Together AccessMessaging SystemData CollectionSource Systems StorageReal Time Processing StormKafka B Topic N Topic Elastic Search Index Web Services Search PCAP Reconstruction HBase PCAP Table Analytic Tools R / Python Power Pivot Tableau Hive Raw Data ORC Passive Tap PCAP Topic DPI Topic A Topic Telemetry Sources Syslog HTTP File System Other Flume Agent A Agent B Agent N B Topology N Topology A Topology PCAP Traffic Replicato r Deeper Look PCAP Topology DPI Topology
- 16. 16 PCAP Topology StorageReal Time Processing Storm Elastic Search Index HBase PCAP Table Hive Raw Data ORC Kafka Spout Parse r Bolt HDFS Bolt HBas e Bolt ES Bolt
- 17. 17 DPI Topology & Telemetry Enrichment StorageReal Time Processing Storm Elastic Search Index HBase PCAP Table Hive Raw Data ORC Kafka Spout Parse r Bolt GEO Enric h Whoi s Enric h CIF Enric h HDF S Bolt ES Bolt
- 18. 18 Enrichments Parse r Bolt GEO Enrich RAW Message { “msg_key1”: “msg value1”, “src_ip”: “10.20.30.40”, “dest_ip”: “20.30.40.50”, “domain”: “mydomain.com” } Who Is Enrich "geo":[ {"region":"CA", "postalCode":"95134", "areaCode":"408", "metroCode":"807", "longitude":-121.946, "latitude":37.425, "locId":4522, "city":"San Jose", "country":"US" }] CIF Enrich "whois":[ { "OrgId":"CISCOS", "Parent":"NET-144-0-0-0-0", "OrgAbuseName":"Cisco Systems Inc", "RegDate":"1991-01-171991-01-17", "OrgName":"Cisco Systems", "Address":"170 West Tasman Drive", "NetType":"Direct Assignment" } ], “cif”:”Yes” Enriched Message Cache MySQL Geo Lite Data Cache HBase Who Is Data Cache HBase CIF Data
- 19. 19 Applications: Telemetry Matching and DPI Step1: Search Step2: Match Step3: Analyze Step4: Build PCAP
- 20. 20 Integration with Analytics Tools Dashboards Reports
- 22. 22 Journey Towards Highly Scalable Application
- 23. 23 Kafka Tuning
- 24. 24 This is where we began
- 25. 25 Some code optimizations and increased parallelism
- 26. 26 Is Disk I/O heavy Kafka 0.8+ supports replication and JBOD Better performance compared to RAID Parallelism is largely driven by number of disks and partitions per topic Key configuration parameters: num.io.threads - Keep it at least equal to number of disks provided to Kafka num.network.threads - adjust it based on number of concurrent producers, consumers and replication factor Kafka Tuning
- 28. 28 Bottleneck Isolation, Resource Profiling, Load Balancing
- 29. 29 HBase Tuning
- 30. 30 This is where we began
- 31. 31 Row Key design is critical (gets or scans or both?) Keys with IP Addresses Standard IP addresses have only two variations of the first character : 1 & 2 Minimum key length will be 7 characters and max 15 with a typical average of 12 Subnet range scans become difficult – range of 90 to 220 excludes 112 IP converted to hex (10.20.30.40 => 0a141e28) gives 16 variations of first key character consistently 8 character key Easy to search for subnet ranges Row Key Design
- 32. 32 Experiments with Row Key
- 33. 33 Know your data Auto split under high workload can result into hotspots and split storms Understand your data and presplit the regions Identify how many regions a RS can have to perform optimally. Use the formula below (RS memory)*(total memstore fraction)/((memstore size)*(# column families)) Region Splits
- 35. 35 Enable Micro Batching (client side buffer) Smart shuffle/grouping in storm Understand your data and situationally exploit various WAL options Watch for many minor compactions For heavy ‘write’ workload Increase hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles (we used 200) Know Your Application
- 36. 36 And Finally
- 37. 37 Kafka Spout
- 38. 38 Parallelism is controlled by number of partitions per topic Set Kafka spout parallelism equal to number of partitions in topic Other key parameters that drive performance fetchSizeBytes bufferSizeBytes Kafka Spout
- 40. 40 A bug in Kafka spout that used to miss out some partitions and loose data It is now fixed and available from Hortonworks repository ( http://repo.hortonworks.com/content/repositories/releases/org/apache/ storm/storm-Kafka ) Mysteriously Missing Data Root Cause
- 41. 41 Storm
- 42. 42 Every small thing counts at scale Even simple string operations can slowdown throughput when executed on millions of Tuples Storm
- 43. 43 Error handling is critical Poorly handled errors can lead to topology failure and eventually loss of data (or data duplication) Storm
- 44. 44 Tune & Scale individual spout and bolts before performance testing/tuning entire topology Write your own simple data generator spouts and no-op bolts Making as many things configurable as possible helps a lot Storm
- 45. 45 When it comes to Hadoop…partner up Separate the hype from the opportunity Start small then scale up Design Iteratively It doesn’t work unless you have proven it at scale Keep an eye on ROI Lessons Learned
- 46. 46 How can you contribute? Technology Partner Program – contribute developers to join the Cisco and Hortonworks team Looking for Community Partners Cisco + Hortonworks + Community Support for OpenSOC
- 47. Thank you! We are hiring: [email protected] [email protected]
Editor's Notes
- #34: In Storm bolts shuffle group based on regions so that each HBase bolt gets data mostly for one or two regions and minimizes RS trips In case of DoS attack situations where actual packet are very small 20-60 bytes and individual packets are not very critical for analysis, skip WAL
- #36: In Storm bolts shuffle group based on regions so that each HBase bolt gets data mostly for one or two regions and minimizes RS trips In case of DoS attack situations where actual packet are very small 20-60 bytes and individual packets are not very critical for analysis, skip WAL
- #43: Frequent minor compactions reduce the overall throughput of system. For ‘write’ heavy workload reduce frequency of minor compactions by increasing hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles (we used 200)
- #44: Frequent minor compactions reduce the overall throughput of system. For ‘write’ heavy workload reduce frequency of minor compactions by increasing hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles (we used 200)
- #45: Frequent minor compactions reduce the overall throughput of system. For ‘write’ heavy workload reduce frequency of minor compactions by increasing hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles (we used 200)