CLASS PRESENTATION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION 2.pptx

IRL4075A: MECHANISM
OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNICATION

Overview of the Session
 Introduction
 What is international Communication?
 Purpose of International Communications
 Actors in International Communication
 Changes in International Communication
 International communication in the Internet age
 (Imbalance in) International Information flow
 The New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO)
 Towards an integrative view of balanced information flow

International Communication
The phenomenon of global communication as we
know it today is essentially the result of
technological advancements.
It probably started with the development of
advanced transport technology such as the steam
engine and the internal combustion engine.
Currently it is primarily driven by the worldwide
proliferation of advanced information and
communication technologies (ICTs)

Classic Understanding
Involves or is carried across or takes place between
two or more nation-states
Interactions between and among nation-states
International relations
Traditionally been associated with inter-state and
inter-governmental interactions
Diplomacy and government propaganda in which
powerful states dictate the communication agenda

Expansion of the Scope of IC
Communication across national borders has expanded to a
large diversity of business-to-business and people-to-people
interactions at a global level.
Not only the representatives of nation-states, but also a
variety of non-state actors such as international non-
governmental bodies, social movements as well as ordinary
individuals are increasingly shaping the nature of
transnational communication.
Communication between nation-states, institutions, groups
and individuals across national, geographical and cultural
borders

Definition of IC
 Thussu defines international communication simply as communication that
occurs across international borders.
 Words, acts or attitudes can be depicted as international communication
whenever they impinge – intentionally or unintentionally – upon the minds
of private individuals, officials or groups from other countries
(Massachusett’s Institute’s Center for International Studies).
 International communication is an extremely broad field involving social
conditions, attitudes and institutions that have an effect on the production
and/or reception of various forms of communication among people.
 It recognises not only the media and technologies through which impulses
pass, but also the attitudes and social circumstances of the sources, the
predisposition of receivers as well as the effects and impact of the contents.

Definition of IC cont.
International Communication means
“beyond the borders
communication.”
It is a branch of communication
studies, concerned with the scope of
government-to- government,
business-to-business and people-to-
people interaction at global level.

Elements of International
Communication:
The elements of international communication are
as follow:
Actors: Actors or non-state actors are involve in this
part. Actors means Government and non-state
actors like NGO, religious and business organization.
Technology: Use of Available Infrastructure. It is
necessary for international communication that use
of technology for peaceful purposes.

Actors in International Communication
What is meant by actors in international
relations? Actors in international relations
are the entities that make international
relations work.
These include State Actors, or countries,
and Non-state Actors, like
intergovernmental organizations, non-
governmental organizations, and
multinational enterprises.

Scope of International
Communication
In international level it became a big
factor in resolving global conflicts.
International communication promotes
mutual understanding among the nations.
International communication has included
Political, Social, Economic cultural and
Military concerns.

Tools of International Communication

Tools of International Communication cont.
The most common platforms of Mass media are
newspapers, magazines, radio, television and internet.
Due to mass media a information reach large numbers
of general people in a very short time.
Cultural communication is a form of communication
that aims to share information across different cultural.
It provide information about cultural norms, values and
traditions.
Student or teacher exchange program is the example of
cultural communication.

News agencies
The major news agencies
are as follow:
The Associated Press of
America (APA).
Agency France Press
(AFP).
The United Press
International (UPI).
Reuters.
Specialized Agencies.
Financial News Agencies.
 News agencies
operate globally and
supply more than half of
the international news to
the media.
 When any development
brings any part of the
world into global
spotlight, it is these news
agencies that report first.

International
television news
The major news channels are
as follow:
Cable News Network (CNN)
is the biggest world news
channel. It influences news
agenda across the world
and shaping international
flow of communication. It
was launched in 1980.
After CNN, BBC is the
second most important
global television news
broadcaster. It was
launched in 1955.
 International television
news or news channels
are also a big tool of
international
communication.
 Associated Press and
Reuters are providing
the biggest international
television news services.

Communication Technologies
 Global connectedness was enhanced by the development of ICTs
such as the telegraph and telephone; the laying of submarine
cables between Europe and the USA; the expansion of railroads
and the development of modern navigation with the help of newly
developed radio technology.
 This period also saw the growth of the major international news
agencies in Europe and the United States
 The period was furthermore characterised by the hegemony of the
great European powers that used the developing communication
technologies, media and international news agencies not only to
enhance their powers globally and to acquire colonies and manage
empires, but also to foster Westernisation and Europeanisation
around the world.

Importance of Public Opinion
 The great world powers also started to realise the impact of and importance
of public opinion and the value of propaganda especially in wartimes as well
as the potential of the developing media such as the radio in this regard.
 The spread of contending ideologies such as liberalism, communism, fascism
and a number of Islamic movements furthermore led to the increasing usage
of the fast developing media, the press and communication technologies to
organize the transnational activities of revolutionary movements.
 However, it was in the period after World War II that the growth of global
communication really accelerated (Mowlana 1996).
 This acceleration was firstly driven by the continued development and
expansion of media such as television and, most importantly, the rapid
development, improvement and widespread proliferation of ICTs such as
satellites and computers.

Democracy and Media
The rise of democracy and the attainment of
independence by many former colonies of the great
European powers also led to an increase in the number
of nation-states who participated in the political,
cultural and socio-economic aspects of international
communication (Mowlana 1996).
During this period the USA emerged as the dominant
political power and increasingly employed the media
as well as ICTs not only for the purposes of economic
and military domination, but also economically and
culturally.

International communication in
the internet age
• The convergence of telecommunication and
computing and the ability to move all type of
data via the internet and digitalized transmission
have revolutionized international information
exchange; it is occurring at a phenomenal rate
• increased growth in computing capacity •
reduction in costs Convergence of computing
and communication technologies have opened
up potential for global interconnectedness
through the internet.

Internet
 Emerged from US military research in the 1960s
 Internet development exploded with establishment of World Wide
Web in 1989
 URL – universal resource locator (unique address)
 http – hypertext-transfer protocol (transfer of text audio and
video files)
 html – hypertext mark-up language (links) o The Web reached
an audience of 50 million users in three years time, achieving
what took TV 15 years and radio 40 years to accomplish
 The instantaneous and relatively inexpensive exchange of text,
sound, and pictures has made a huge impact on international
communication

Communicating through the Internet
Email
Instant Messaging
Chat Room
Social Networking
Forums
Blog
Audio
Conferencing
Video
Conferencing
VoIP

Impact of Internet
on Global Communication
Business Communication:
The advent of email, BBM & MSN messenger etc.
and internet browsing on smart phones amplified
our ability to work.
Intercultural Communication:
People in different parts of the world communicate
in different ways due to cultural perspectives that
are at odds with one another.
Communication tactics must be adapt to
accommodate for these differences if we are to be
successful in this globalized community.

Impact of Internet
Interpersonal Communication :
Email, instant messaging, chat functions and
message boards allow friends and family to
stay in contact regardless of distance.
global communications has seemed to
diminish the amount of face-to-face contact
can cause a separation among different
cultures, which can lead to room for error and
false assumptions in communication.

Impact of Internet
Social Networking Sites:
 The advent of social networking sites have
created a multiple communicative implications.
User-Generated Content:
 Whether it is a website, blog or article
contribution, the Internet is constantly popping
up with new personalized content.
 It allows people to get information out in a
faster and more free fashion.

The Internet and Political Communication
Internet is an important link for community
groups, NGOs and political activists
The Internet has influenced the mass media in a
substantial way changing the time frame of news
production and distribution.
Extraordinary source of information for all –
connecting people to new perspectives in regional
and international contexts.

International Communication
 The acceleration of international conferences; the international
expansion of educational institutions, congresses and seminars;
the exchange of students between countries; the popularization of
international travel; and the expansion of international sport
furthermore increased contact and communication between the
peoples of the world.
 In this competitive world with its revolving economic and
communication giants, the globe has been transformed into a
global electronic village and information has emerged as a primary
commodity and resource.
 The conclusion can be drawn that global communication is in a
continuous state of ferment and evolution.

Effects of Global
Communication
The borders of nation-states have become porous as
the globalisation of technology has made it virtually
impossible for governments to regulate and control the
transborder flow of information and communication.
Global media systems have furthermore introduced
propaganda and public diplomacy as important factors
in international relations.
Global communication is radically redefining the
nature of both hard and soft power in international
relations.

McLuhan’s (1964) notion of the global village
Socially, integrated global communication networks has to
a certain extent resulted in the realisation of McLuhan’s
(1964) notion of the global village with the emergence of,
among others, global interconnectedness, global
consciousness and global co-operation between NGOs in
widely different areas such as human rights, women’s
rights and environmental protection.
Social relations are no longer restricted to a particular
space or locality, but are dispersed globally and spatially as
ICTs create and maintain social relations irrespective of
time and space.

Global Digital Telecommunication
However, one of the most important consequences is
probably the blurring of the boundaries between
technological, economic, political, social and cultural
domains .
Both traditional media (e.g. print, photography, film,
radio, television and videos) as well as the fast
developing new information and communication
technologies (ICTs) (e.g. telephone and telegraphy,
satellites and computers) that have initially developed
fairly independently, are merging into a global digital
telecommunications network.

CLASS PRESENTATION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION 2.pptx

CLASS PRESENTATION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION 2.pptx

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CLASS PRESENTATION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION 2.pptx