Classification of Hydraulic Turbines

Classification of Hydraulic Turbines

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  TRANSLAM INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT SEMINAR ON- “TURBINES. SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: ISHANT GAUTAM B.TECH(M.E) 3RD YEAR ROLL NO: 1232140025.
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  TURBINES Turbines are thehydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. HYDRAULIC ENERGY TURBINES MECHANICAL ENERGY
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  CLASSIFICATION OF TURBINES According to the type of energy at inlet:  Impulse turbine  Reaction turbine.  According to the direction of flow through runner:  Tangential flow turbine  Radial flow turbine  Axial flow turbine  Mixed flow turbine.
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   According tothe head at the inlet of turbine:  High head turbine  Medium head turbine  Low head turbine.  According to the specific speed of the turbine:  Low specific speed turbine  Medium specific speed turbine  High specific speed turbine.
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  If at theinlet of turbine the energy available is only kinetic energy, the turbine is known as Impulse Turbine. If at the inlet of turbine water possesses kinetic energy as well as pressure energy,the turbine is known as Reaction Turbine. If water flows along the tangent of runner,the turbine is known as Tangential flow turbine.
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   If thewater flows in radial direction through the runner,the turbine is known as Radial flow turbine.  If the water flows from outward to inward radially,the turbine is known as Inward radial flow turbine.  If the water flows from inward to outward radially,the turbine is known as Outward radial flow turbine.  If water flows along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of runner, the turbine is known as Axial flow turbine.  If water flows in radial direction but leaves in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation,the turbine is known as Mixed flow turbine.
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  PELTON TURBINE Pelton turbineis a tangential flow impulse turbine. Pelton turbine is suitable for high head and low flow rate. Energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Pressure at the inlet & outlet is atmospheric.
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  MAIN PARTS OFPELTON TURBINE: 1.Nozzle and flow regulating arrangment. 2. Runner and buckets 3. Casing 4. Breaking jet.
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  RADIAL FLOW REACTIONTURBINES  In radial flow reaction turbines water flows in the radial direction.  The water may flow radially from outward to inward or from inward to outward. RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINES. INWARD RADIAL FLOW TURBINE OUTWARD RADIAL FLOW TURBINE
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  If the waterflows from outward to inward the turbine is known as Inward radial flow turbine. If the water flows from inward to outward the turbine is known as Outward radial flow turbine. Main parts of Radial flow Reaction Turbine: 1. Casing 2. Guide mechanism 3. Runner 4. Draft tube
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  INWARD RADIAL FLOWTURBINE If the water flows from outward to inward the turbine is known as Inward radial flow turbine. Guide wheel consists of guide vanes which directs the water to enter the runner. The outer diameter of the runner is inlet & inner diameter is outlet.
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  OUTWARD RADIAL FLOWTURBINE If the water flows from inward to outward the turbine is known as Outward radial flow turbine. The inner diameter of the runner is inlet & outer diameter is outlet.
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  FRANCIS TURBINE The inwardflow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as Francis Turbine. In modern Francis turbine water enters the runner in radial direction at outlet & leaves in axial direction at inlet of runner. Francis turbine is suitable for medium head and medium flow rate.
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  AXIAL FLOW REACTIONTURBINE  If the water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft the turbine is known as Axial flow turbine.  The axial flow reaction turbine the shaft is vertical.  Lower end of shaft is made larger and known as hub/boss. AXIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE PROPELLER TURBINE KAPLAN TURBINE
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  KAPLAN TURBINE RUNNER. Whenthe vanes are fixed to the hub & are not adjustable the turbine is known as Propeller Turbine. If the vanes are adjustable the turbine is known as Kaplan Turbine
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  Kaplan Turbine is suitablefor low head and high flow rate. Main parts of Kaplan Turbine are: 1. Scroll casing 2. Guide vanes mechanism 3. Hub with vanes 4. Draft tube.
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