Classification of management functions

Classification of
Management Functions
PRESENTED BY
S.SHARMILA
M.Sc AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
1

 Management has been described as a social
process involving responsibility for economical
and effective planning & regulation of operation
of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given
purposes.
 It is a dynamic process consisting of
various elements and activities.
2

Classification
 According to George & Jerry, “There are four
fundamental functions of management i.e.
planning, organizing, actuating and controlling”.
 According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to
forecast and plan, to organize, to command, & to
control”.
3

Cont.,,,,
 Whereas Luther Gullick has given a keyword
’POSDCORB’ where P stands for Planning, O for
Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, Co for
Co-ordination, R for reporting & B for Budgeting.
 Most widely accepted are functions of management
given by Koontz and Donnel
i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and
Controlling.
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Functions of Management
Planning Organizing
Staffing Directing
Controlling
5

Planning
 Planning is the most important function of
management. It involves the managers to think before
they can act or take any decisions.
 Planning is deciding in advance
 what to do,
 when to do
 how to do.
6

Features of planning
 Planning seeks to achieve certain objectives.
 Planning is oriented towards the future.
 Planning is a mental exercise.
 Planning involves choice among the different course of actions.
 Planning is the basis of all other functions.
 Planning is a continuous process.
 Planning is all pervading.
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Steps in planning
Collecting information about past, present and future forecasts to ensure
profits for the firm.
Explaining objectives of the firm with regard to the present as well as future.
Developing planning premises.
Discovering alternative courses of actions.
Choosing the best alternative.
Defining subsidiary plans.
Reviewing and rectifying the plans in a timely and periodic manner.
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Advantages of planning
 Planning helps the managers to minimize deviations
from the basic objective of the business that is
mentioned in the memorandum of understanding.
 Planning helps to minimize risks and losses.
 Planning helps to improve the efficiency of operations.
 Planning facilitates cooperation and teamwork.
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Limitations of planning
 Lack of accurate information.
 Time consuming.
 Expensive.
 Rigidity due to strict compliance with the plans.
 Psychological barrier or willingness of the people to change.
 External limitations changes in government policies,
technology, labour regulations etc.
10

Organizing
 It is the process of bringing together physical,
financial and human resources and developing
productive relationship amongst them for
achievement of organizational goals.
 According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is
to provide it with everything useful or its functioning
i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”
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Steps in organizing
Identifying the activities required for achieving the objectives.
Classifying the activities into convenient groups.
Assigning these groups of activities to appropriate persons.
Delegating authority and fixing responsibility for carrying out the assigned
duties.
Coordinating these authority responsibility relationships throughput the
enterprise.
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Importance of organizing
 Organization is the mechanism through which the management directs, controls
and coordinates the activities of the enterprise.
 Sound organization involves and facilitates the growth and diversification by
proper delegation of the authority.
 Organization permits the optimum use of human resource by matching the work
with talent.
 Organization structure in group activity is the equivalent of social structure.
 A harmonious organization structure enables the firm to adopt new technology.
 Sound organization encourages the activities and create thinking leading to the
development of managerial talent.
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Staffing
 Staffing involves the manning of the positions with
the human resource of the enterprise.
 It is concerned with acquiring, developing, utilizing
and maintaining human resources.
 The managers keep on trying different jobs with the
talents and educational qualification of the
individuals to ensure that only the right man gets the
right job.
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Steps in staffing
Manpower planning which is associating and assessing the
manpower requirements in terms of number and quality.
Recruitment, selection, placement and orientation.
Training ad development.
Appraisal, promotion and transfer.
Employees remuneration.
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Importance of staffing
 Due to the process of matching jobs with individuals, the mangers
probably get the correct man for the defined job who can profit the
firm.
 It helps to improve the quality and quantity of output the putting
the right man in the right job.
 It improves the job satisfaction of the employees.
 It reduces the cost of personnel by avoiding wastage of human
resources.
 It facilitates the growth and diversification of organization by
developing talent of employees.
16

Directing
 Directing is concerned with the execution of the
plans through organized action. It is also called
the commanding and actuating.
 It is that part of the management process which
actuates the members of the organization to
work efficiently and effectively for the
attainment of the desired objectives.
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Cont.,,
 Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of
management which deals directly with
influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating
sub-ordinate for the achievement of
organizational goals.
 Direction has following elements:
◦ Supervision
◦ Motivation
◦ Leadership
◦ Communication
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Supervision
 Supervision means overseeing subordinates at
work.
 It refers to the direct and immediate observation
and watching of subordinates in the performance
of their tasks.
 Supervision is required at all levels of
management.
19

Steps in supervision
Planning and allocation of work.
Issuing orders and instructions to the
subordinates.
Providing necessary guidelines to the employees.
Maintaining discipline.
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Motivation
 Means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the
sub-ordinates with zeal to work.
 Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary
incentives may be used for this purpose.
 Motivation is the vital element in the management.
 It keeps the people satisfied so that they make the
best utilization of their talent and resources.
21

Leadership
 May be defined as a process by which manager
guides and influences the work of subordinates in
desired direction.
 A leader interprets the objectives of the
organization; suggest the right course of action an
stimulating and guiding the people to achieve the
objectives.
 To be a successful leader, a manger must possess
several qualities like foresight, initiative, self-
confidence, drive, courage, determination,
integrating the character etc.
22

Communications
 It is the process of passing information, experience,
opinion etc from one person to another. It is a bridge
of understanding.
 Communication is essential at all levels of
management.
 It facilitates decision making, promotes efficiency
of employees, helps coordination, improves
employee morale, promotes industrial harmony and
boosts image of the organization.
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Features of directing
o Directing is an executing function as it initiates action.
o Directing is an ongoing function,
o Directing is the function of all managers.
o Directing is an interpersonal aspect of management as it is
concerned with human behavior.
o Directing is the link between planning and control.
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Importance of directing
 Initiates actions
 Improves efficiency
 Facilitates change
 Ensures coordination
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Controlling
 Controlling is the process of measuring performance,
comparing it with the defined objectives and standards
that are widely acceptable and taking reform measures
when everything goes out of order.
 The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything
occurs in conformities with the standards.
 An efficient system of control helps to predict
deviations before they actually occur.
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Steps in controlling
Setting standards of performance.'
Measuring actual performance.
Comparing actual standards with the results.
Analysis cause of deviations.
Taking corrective actions.
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Importance of controlling
 Control function is indispensable for ensuring participatory
and performance progress of the organization.
 An efficient control system improves efficiency of
operations, ensured proper implementation of plans,
facilitates delegation of authority and coordination.
 It must be flexible and economical. It must report deviation
properly and ensure corrective actions.
 You may visit the following link for career opportunities in
management and institutions for business management and
relative courses:
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