Climate Change and Its Dangerous Effect

Sachin Singh, Class IX, Cathedral Mission High School
Rohit Shaw, Class IX, Adarsh Hindi High School
Rohan Shah, Class VIII, Adarsh Hindi High School

Climate Change and Its Dangerous
Effect
 What is Climate Change?
 The term "climate change" is often used to refer
specifically to anthropogenic climate change (also
known as global warming). Anthropogenic climate
change is caused by human activity, as opposed
to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of
Earth's natural processes.

Effect
 The global climate is the connected system of sun,
earth and oceans, wind, rain and snow, forests, deserts
and savannas.

Effect
 What are the 5 climate types?
 The five primary climate classifications are
1) Tropical
2) Dry
3) Temperate
4) Continental
5) Polar
can be further divided into secondary classifications such as
rainforest, monsoon, tropical savanna, humid subtropical,
humid continental, oceanic climate, Mediterranean
climate, desert, steppe, subarctic climate, tundra,
and polar ice cap.

Effect
 The Primary 5 Climate Classes can be further divided into
secondary classifications such as
1) rainforest,
2) monsoon,
3) tropical savanna,
4) humid subtropical,
5) humid continental,
6) oceanic climate, Mediterranean climate,
7) desert,
8) steppe,
9) subarctic climate,
10) tundra, and
11) polar ice cap.

Effect
The important reason for Climate Change is
Generation of Greenhouse Gas.
Green house gas
A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water vapor, and
including much smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxide – acts as a thermal blanket for the Earth, absorbing
heat and warming the surface to a life-supporting average of 15°C

Effect
The most dangerous effect of Climate Change is
Global Warming.
Global Warming
Global warming is the slow increase in the average temperature
of
the earth’s atmosphere because an increased amount of the energy
(heat) striking the earth from the sun is being trapped in the
atmosphere and not radiated out into space.

Effect

Effect
Major Source of Green House Gases (GHGs)
Fossil fuel and related uses of coal and petroleum are the most
important sources of GHGs and black carbon (power generation,
industry, transportation, buildings).
Agriculture is the second most important source
Animals – cows and pigs, feed production, chemical intensive food
production, and flooded paddy rice production, as well as
deforestation driven by the desire to expand cultivated areas.
Natural sources of GHGs and black carbon
include forest fires, savanna fires and volcano's.

Climate Change and Its Dangerous Effect

Apart from GHGs, Deforestation and Rapture of Ozone
Layer are also a reason for Global Warming
 Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is a major cause to
climate change due to the decreasing number of trees available
to capture increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
 Rapture of Ozone Layer in Stratosphere is caused by
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated
ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible
for man-made chemical ozone depletion.

 We already know that the Climate
Change is due to Generation of GHSs,
Deforestation. The effect of Climate
Change is subjected to Global Warming,
Depletion of Ozone Layer etc.
 Let us now see the dangerous effect of
Global Warming on our Earth, Human
Health, Agriculture etc.

Sea level will rise 1-4 feet by 2100
In the next several decades, storm surges and high tides
could combine with sea level rise and land subsidence to
further increase flooding in many regions.

Temperatures of earth will continue to rise
Global Temperatures will continue to rise for decades to
come, largely due to greenhouse gases produced by human
activities, a temperature rise of 1.5 to 2.5 °C over the next century
as estimated by the Scientists
The Earth's average temperature has increased about 2 °C
during the 20th century.

A photographic indication of glacier melting down at
temperature rise is being furnished below:

We may see increased ice loss in the future – sort of a feedback loop. That
concerns us because it will mean more sea level rise (which is already
accelerating), and more damage to coastal communities.

Effect on Climate Change on Animal
The effect on animal being on earth shall be devastating
in
times to come Due to melting down the glacier the
animals
live in Glaciers will be homeless.

Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems.
Most plants and animals live in areas with very specific climate conditions, such
as temperature and rainfall patterns, that enable them to thrive. Any change in
The climate of an area can affect the plants and animals living there, as well as
the makeup of the entire ecosystem.
Affects Antarctica’s Wildlife ?
The reduction in sea ice is hammering local penguin populations; at the Palmer
Research Station, the number of Adélie penguins has dropped some 65% since
1990. Adélie need that sea ice, and feed almost exclusively on the declining
krill. Emperor penguins are feeling it too; a 2014 study suggested they be
considered for IUCN Endangered Species status due to the impacts of global
warming.

Impact of climate change on agriculture
 For each plant variety, there is an optimal temperature for vegetative
growth,
with growth dropping off as temperatures increase or decrease. Similarly,
there
is a range of temperatures at which a plant will produce seed.
 Outside of this range, the plant will not reproduce. Despite
technological
advances, such as improved varieties, genetically modified organisms, and
irrigation systems, weather is still a key factor in agricultural productivity,
as well
as soil properties and natural communities. The effect of climate on
agriculture
is related to variability’s in local climates rather than in global climate
patterns.
 The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F

 On the other hand, agricultural trade has grown in recent
years, and now provides significant amounts of food, on a
national level to major importing countries, as well as
comfortable income to exporting ones. The international
aspect of trade and security in terms of food implies the
need to also consider the effects of climate change on a
global scale.
 A 2008 study published in Science suggested that, due to
climate change, "southern Africa could lose more than 30%
of Its main crop, maize, by 2030. In South Asia losses of
many regional staples, such as rice, millet and maize could
top 10%

In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture
in several ways :
 productivity, in terms of quantity and quality of crops
 agricultural practices, through changes of water use
(irrigation) and agricultural inputs such
as herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers
 environmental effects, in particular in relation of frequency
and intensity of soil drainage (leading to nitrogen
leaching), soil erosion, reduction of crop diversity

 rural space, through the loss and gain of cultivated
lands, land speculation, land renunciation, and
hydraulic amenities.
 adaptation, organisms may become more or less
competitive, as well as humans may develop
urgency to develop more competitive organisms,
such as flood resistant or salt resistant varieties of
rice.

Temperature potential effect on growing period
 Duration of crop growth cycles are above all,
related to temperature. An increase in temperature
will speed up development. In the case of an
annual crop, the duration between
sowing and harvesting will shorten (for example,
the duration in order to harvest corn could shorten
between one and four weeks). The shortening of
such a cycle could have an adverse effect on
productivity because senescence would occur
sooner.

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on crops
 Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects plants
in a variety of ways. Elevated CO2 increases crop
yields and growth through an increase in
photosynthetic rate, and it also decreases water
loss as a result of stomata closing The growth
response is greatest in C3 plants, C4 plants, are
also enhanced but to a lesser extent, and CAM
Plants are the least enhanced species.

Effects of climate change on plant biodiversity
Environmental conditions play a key role in defining the function
and distribution of plants, in combination with other factors.
Changes in long term environmental conditions that can be
collectively coined climate change are known to have had
Enormous impacts on current plant diversity patterns; further
impacts are expected in the future.

It is predicted that climate change will
remain one of the major drivers
of biodiversity patterns in the
future. Human actions are currently
triggering the sixth major mass
extinction our Earth has seen, changing the
distribution and abundance of many plants.

Forests affect climate change
 The fires release large amounts of carbon dioxide and
other climate gases, and at the same time
large forest areas that would take up CO2-gas are
burned down, so the release of CO2 will have
double effect; more CO2 in the atmosphere and less
green vegetation to take it up.
Climate change affect water supply
 Warming temperatures, changes in precipitation and
runoff, and sea level rise have affected and will likely
continue to affect water supply and quality.

Climate affect in our health
• YES
Environmental consequences
of climate change, such as extreme
heat waves, rising sea-levels, changes
in precipitation resulting in flooding
and droughts, intense hurricanes,
and degraded air
quality, affect directly and indirectly
the physical, social, and
psychological health of humans.

Solution Of Climate Change
 Stop Cutting down Trees: Believe it or not, cutting down trees is
the prime reason of the climate change. Shockingly, every year 33
million acres of forests are cut down. If we improve the agricultural
practices which includes forest management and proper paper
recycling, there is a chance that an equilibrium could be maintained
of cutting tress and planting new trees. Planting new trees will
quickly reduce the rate of emission of gases.
 Control Population: Yes, if the population is controlled, then climate
change can also be controlled. How? Putting in simpler words, more
number of people means more requirement of resources like food,
shelter etc. which leads to more usage or utilization of the planet. In a
way, more number of people gives rise to the climatic change.

 Focus on Renewable Energy: Fossil fuels will be
finished in a couple of decades and it is high time to
move towards the renewable energy. In many parts of
the world, many cities are using the energy from the
renewable sources of energy which includes wind,
solar, tidal, ocean and many more.
 Personal Solutions to Global Warming: There are
many steps which every individual can take in order to
control the climate change. A small step by every
person can make a big change.

Thanks &
Concluded

Climate Change and Its Dangerous Effect

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