Climate Smart Agriculture in Kenya Scoping Study on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Smallholders Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Systems

Climate Smart Agriculture in Kenya Scoping Study on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Smallholders Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Systems

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  Climate Smart Agriculturein Kenya Joab J. L. Osumba & Janie Rioux Scoping Study on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Smallholders Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Systems Kenya National Workshop on Climate Change and Agriculture 9th October 2014, Nairobi
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  Objectives of theScoping Study • To identify and analyze Climate-Smart Agriculture initiatives taking place in Kenya, including policies, strategies, programs, projects and actions • To gather examples of Climate-Smart Agriculture practices in non-ASAL smallholder integrated crop-livestock farming systems
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  Climate-Smart Agriculture CSA isan integrative approach to address the interlinked challenges of food security and climate change, and has three objectives: 1. Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity 2. Adapting and building resilience of agricultural systems 3. Reducing GHG emissions + on multiple scale: farm to landscape, local to global, short and long term + considering national and local context and priorities
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  Area of Focus
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  Climate Change inKenya REGION TREND MAGNITUDE Western Kenya Increase 0.5 – 2.1C Northern Kenya Increase 0.1 – 1.3C North-Eastern Kenya Increase 0.1 – 1.3C Central Kenya Increase 0.1 – 0.7C South Eastern Kenya Increase 0.2 – 0.6C Coastal Kenya Increase 0.2 – 2.0C Temperature Patterns (Tmax) and Magnitude of Change in Kenya (1960-2012)
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  GHG Emissions inKenya • Agriculture and forestry are the largest emitters (2010) mainly due to emissions from livestock (methane) and land use change/deforestation (fuelwood, charcoal production and agricultural expansion) • GHG emissions will rise as Kenya achieves its development goal as specified in the Kenya Vision 2030
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  GHG Emissions inKenya
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  Policies relevant toAgriculture & Climate Change • The constitution of Kenya: Chapter five on Land and Environment – for sustainable NRM; tree cover of at least 10% of the land area of Kenya; indigenous knowledge of biodiversity and the genetic resources of the communities • The National Land Policy: Intensification of use in high-potential, densely populated areas, through the application of efficient methods; improvement of the condition and productivity of degraded lands in rural and urban areas; application of cost-effective irrigation methods in areas of low agricultural potential • CAADP Compact (of NEPAD): Land and water management; incorporating Climate-Smart Agriculture into national and local programs • Kenya Vision 2030: Environmental issues in general • National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS, 2010): Various measures for adapting agriculture to climate change, and for mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases in agriculture
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  Policies relevant toAgriculture & Climate Change • Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (2010): Sustainable Land and Natural Resource Management – borrows heavily from the NCCRS • National Food and Nutrition Policy (2011): recognizes climate change as an emerging issue for food and nutrition security; advocates for adaptation; recognizes the role of mitigation in addressing climate change • National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP, 2012): to implement the NCCRS • Draft National Climate Change Framework Policy (2014): Policy statements to enhance climate resilience and adaptive capacity; to promote low carbon growth; and to mainstream climate change into planning processes
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  Priority Actions Identifiedfor Low Carbon Climate Resilient Development Pathway in the KCCAP 2013-2017 www.kccap.info 4/6 options related with agriculture and environment: - Climate-smart agriculture and agroforestry - Restoration of forest and degraded lands - Improved water resource management - Clean energy solutions (incl. improved cook stoves and biogas digesters) - Geothermal power generation - Infrastructure
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  Adaptation Options Proposedin the KCCAP • Agroforestry • Conservation agriculture, and integrated soil fertility mgmt. • Drought tolerant crops • Water harvesting • Drip irrigation • Price stabilization scheme for livestock • Strategic food reserve • Index-based weather insurance • Climate information
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  Selected Practices forMitigation in the KCCAP (and estimated emissions reduction by 2030) • Restoration of forest on degraded lands 30 Mt CO2 eq per year in 2030 • REDD+: avoid deforestation 6.1 Mt CO2 eq, and forest degradation 1.6 Mt CO2 eq • Agroforestry: 4.2 Mt CO2 eq and increase tree cover to 10% of total land area (Kenya Constitution 2010) • Conservation tillage + limiting use of fire on cropland 1.2 Mt CO2 eq • Rangement mgmt.: 1.1 Mt CO2 eq • Improved cook stoves and biogas • Mainstream CC into agricultural extension services => with sustainable development and climate resilience benefits
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  Programmes, Projects andother initiatives in the Ministry since 2001 Key CSA Words found in their titles Tally in the titles of the 53 Initiatives in MALF Climate / Weather 4 Adaptation 1 Efficiency 1 Resilience 1 Mitigation 0 Insurance 1 Sustainable NRM/SLM/WH/ 5 Soil/Water Conservation 1 Drought/ Flood 2 Paying for Env. Servs. (Objective) 1 Green 1 Ecosystem Management 1 Sustainable Intensification 0 19 Found in only 11 (21%) of the 53 Programmes/ Projects/ Initiatives since 2001, most of the 21% being in ASALs Many initiatives have elements of CSA but are not calling them CSA, or using a climate change lens
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  Challenges facing CSA •Climate finance internationally and nationally • Land tenure security that make investments worthwhile • Estimating only parts/segments of the whole farm system omits potential elements/benefits • Access to knowledge, information & practices • Estimating benefits of CSA • Others.. But many synergies and opportunities!
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  Next steps tomove forward from the KCCAP • Operational national CC secretariat within the coordinating ministry responsible for coordination and national reporting obligations • Develop knowledge sharing system and a capacity development strategy • Mainstream CSA in planning processes at national and sub-national levels • Identify and remove barriers for adaptation and mitigation • Put in place a national performance and benefit measurement system (NPBM) for MRV of adaptation, mitigation and synergies • Encourage investment in climate-smart agriculture and set up a national climate fund and carbon trading platform • Move the action plan forward via climate finance mechanisms like GCF, AF, NAMAs, and REDD+
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  Status on NAPsand NAMAs National Adaptation Plans (NAPs): • Proposed actions in KCCAP 2012 informed the drafting of the National Adaptation Plan – A comprehensive National Adaptation Plan (NAP) has been drafted for Kenya to accompany the NCCAP based on assessments of development needs and climate vulnerability Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): • KCCAP considered the development of NAMAs for mitigation priority actions e.g.: - Climate-smart agriculture and agroforestry - Livestock (idea on the table) - Restoration of forest and degraded lands - Clean energy solutions • NAMA framework development is still in the pipeline
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  Thank you Joab Osumba:[email protected] Janie Rioux: [email protected]