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![Dagstuhl Seminar 10042, Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010
Linked Open Data (LOD)
• Linked data refers to web accessible data
(HTTP/URI addressable) that is structured
(RDF) to allow computer link and query
(SPARQL) the data [ aka 4 principles ]
• Conceived by Tim Berners-Lee and realized by
the Semantic Web Community.
– Tim Berners-Lee (2006). "Linked Data—Design Issues". W3C.
• Linked Open Datasets (LOD):
–
–
–
–
–
DBPedia (3.6M things describing Wikipedia)
GeoNames (describing 7.5M Geographic features)
YAGO & YAGO2 (combining Wikipedia, GeoNames and others)
Freebase (39M things - Google's LOD project!)
FOAF (describing Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
People – Relationships –Open Social Net!) 7
Presenter:](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mobisocial13-cloda-131107030556-phpapp02/75/CLODA-A-Crowdsourced-Linked-Open-Data-Architecture-6-2048.jpg)
![Dagstuhl Seminar 10042, Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010
CLODA: Indoor Localization
•
•
•
Numerous ways to localize without power-hungry GPS
but most of the solutions rely on additional hardware
(RFID, sensor networks, etc.)
Smartphones can nowadays localize off-the-shelf with
onboard sensors and WiFi signal fingerprints (coined
Hybrid Localization)
These solutions require that services acquire local
data through Crowdsourcing (e.g., Google Indoor)
–
–
–
–
Building RadioMaps, MagnetometerMap, etc.
[Airplace] "The Airplace Indoor Positioning Platform for Android
Smartphones", C. Laoudias et. al., Best Demo Award at IEEE MDM'12.
[HybridCywee] "Demo: the airplace indoor positioning platform", C.-L. Li,
C. Laoudias, G. Larkou, Y.-K. Tsai, D. Zeinalipour-Yazti and C. G.
Panayiotou, in ACM Mobisys'13. Video at: http://youtu.be/DyvQLSuI00I
Wifislam.com (bought recently by Apple for 20M)
Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
18](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mobisocial13-cloda-131107030556-phpapp02/75/CLODA-A-Crowdsourced-Linked-Open-Data-Architecture-17-2048.jpg)
![Dagstuhl Seminar 10042, Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010
NoSQL DataStore: CouchDB
Document in CouchDB
Map Function
function(doc) {
for (i in doc.authors) {
author = doc.authors[i];
emit(doc._id, author);
}
}
Results (through REST/HTTP or Futon)
Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
23](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mobisocial13-cloda-131107030556-phpapp02/75/CLODA-A-Crowdsourced-Linked-Open-Data-Architecture-22-2048.jpg)
![Dagstuhl Seminar 10042, Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010
CLODA Testbed Issues
SmartLab: Massive smartphone simulations with
our first global open smartphone IaaS cloud –
http://smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
Static Androids
Mobile Androids
[SmartLab] "Demo: a programming cloud of smartphones", A. Konstantinidis, C.
Costa, G. Larkou, D. Zeinalipour-Yazti, In ACM Mobisys '12. [ By our
Group ]
Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
30](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mobisocial13-cloda-131107030556-phpapp02/75/CLODA-A-Crowdsourced-Linked-Open-Data-Architecture-29-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byPlanetData Network of Excellence
CLODA: A Crowdsourced Linked Open Data Architecture
The document presents the Cloda architecture for crowdsourced linked open data, developed by researchers from the University of Cyprus. It emphasizes the role of crowdsourcing in collecting and linking both open and closed data using smartphones, addressing key issues like data quality, incentives for participants, and the need for a testbed to support real-world applications. The paper highlights the importance of integrating location-aware techniques and discusses the potential of linked open datasets in enhancing collaboration and querying capabilities.
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CLODA: A Crowdsourced Linked Open Data Architecture
- 1. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA: A Crowdsourced Linked Open Data Architecture Georgios Larkou, Julia Metochi Georgios Chatzimilioudis and Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti Data Management Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ First IEEE Intl. Workshop on Mobile Data Management, Mining and Computing on Social Networks (MobiSocial), co-located with IEEE MDM'13, June 3, 2013, Milan, Italy. 1 © Larkou, Metochi, Chatzimilioudis and Zeinalipour-Yazti, Mobisocial'13, Milan, Italy
- 2. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Crowdsourcing Definitions • Crowdsourcing = Crowd + Outsourcing – • Jeff Howe (2006). "The Rise of Crowdsourcing". Wired. Definition from Wikipedia: – "Crowdsourcing refers to a distributed problem-solving model in which a crowd of undefined size is engaged in the task of solving a complex problem through an open call" “Crowdsourcing with Smartphones”, Georgios Chatzimiloudis, Andreas Konstantinidis, Christos Laoudias, Demetrios ZeinalipourYazti, IEEE Internet Computing, Special Issue: Sep/Oct 2012 - Crowdsourcing, May 2012. IEEE Press, Volume 16, Pages: 36-44, 2012. Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 3
- 3. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Crowdsourcing StakeHolders Open Call (Task) Solutions Requester (Crowdsourcer) Rewards Workers Platform Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ (Solvers) 4
- 4. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Crowdsourcing Incentives • Tangible (Monetary) Incentives – Cash, Credit or Gifts (MTurk, Kickstarter) – Unintended or as-a-by-product (reCaptchas) • Ethical Incentives – Socialize & Fun – Earn Prestige – Altruism – Learn something New • Usually a combination of several incentives Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 5
- 5. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Motivation Collect & Link Open and Close Data with smartphones through an open call for ethical benefit b a Linked Open Data (LOD) (Freebase, DBPedia) Closed Data: Web 2.0 APIs (Google, Twitter, Facebook) CLODA Prototype c Sensor / Geo Data Collect Reward Verification CLODA (LOD) d Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 6
- 6. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Linked Open Data (LOD) • Linked data refers to web accessible data (HTTP/URI addressable) that is structured (RDF) to allow computer link and query (SPARQL) the data [ aka 4 principles ] • Conceived by Tim Berners-Lee and realized by the Semantic Web Community. – Tim Berners-Lee (2006). "Linked Data—Design Issues". W3C. • Linked Open Datasets (LOD): – – – – – DBPedia (3.6M things describing Wikipedia) GeoNames (describing 7.5M Geographic features) YAGO & YAGO2 (combining Wikipedia, GeoNames and others) Freebase (39M things - Google's LOD project!) FOAF (describing Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ People – Relationships –Open Social Net!) 7 Presenter:
- 7. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Traditional LOD (RDF) • DBPedia Example: LOD describing 3.64M Wikipedia things out of which 1.83M are classified in a consistent ontology – 416,000 persons, 526,000 places, 106,000 music albums, 60,000 films, 17,500 video games, 169,000 organizations, 183,000 species and 5,400 diseases Infobox example Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 8
- 8. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 LOD the Google (JSON) Way! • Freebase Example: another LOD by Google. Instances Relationships Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 9
- 9. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 LOD is Interlinked & Annotated LOD is interlinked, e.g., Freebase points to Dbpedia predicates … http://dbpedia.org/page/Manchester Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 10
- 10. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 LOD is Highly Interlinked! http://www.stateofsearch.com/search-in-the-knowledge-graph-era/ Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 11
- 11. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 LOD can be Queried! LOD can be queried!, e.g., Freebase with MQL Queries (JSON encoded like Web2.0 APIs) Resembles Xpath Querying MQL Queries Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 12
- 12. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Motivation Collect & Link Open and Close Data with smartphones through an open call for ethical benefit Closed Data: Web 2.0 APIs (Google, Twitter, Facebook) Linked Open Data (LOD) (Freebase, DBPedia) CLODA Prototype Sensor / Geo Data Collect Reward Verification CLODA LOD Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 13
- 13. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Web1.0: The Unstructured Web http://books.google.com/ (content in HTML only apprehensible to User) Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 14
- 14. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Web2.0: The Structured but Closed Web https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=databases content in XML/JSON apprehensible to Computer This web is closed: Requires Keys to access (OAUTH) and has download quotas Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 15
- 15. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 Web2.0: The Structured but Closed Web In fact, Web2.0 Services are omnipresent! (Google, Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Linkedin, …) http://www.programmableweb.com/ - 7800 APIs!!! + 6800 Mashups! quota https://code.google.com/apis Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 16
- 16. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Motivation Collect & Link Open and Close Data with smartphones through an open call for ethical benefit Closed Data: Web 2.0 APIs (Google, Twitter, Facebook) Linked Open Data (LOD) (Freebase, DBPedia) CLODA Prototype Sensor / Geo Data Collect Reward Verification CLODA LOD Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 17
- 17. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA: Indoor Localization • • • Numerous ways to localize without power-hungry GPS but most of the solutions rely on additional hardware (RFID, sensor networks, etc.) Smartphones can nowadays localize off-the-shelf with onboard sensors and WiFi signal fingerprints (coined Hybrid Localization) These solutions require that services acquire local data through Crowdsourcing (e.g., Google Indoor) – – – – Building RadioMaps, MagnetometerMap, etc. [Airplace] "The Airplace Indoor Positioning Platform for Android Smartphones", C. Laoudias et. al., Best Demo Award at IEEE MDM'12. [HybridCywee] "Demo: the airplace indoor positioning platform", C.-L. Li, C. Laoudias, G. Larkou, Y.-K. Tsai, D. Zeinalipour-Yazti and C. G. Panayiotou, in ACM Mobisys'13. Video at: http://youtu.be/DyvQLSuI00I Wifislam.com (bought recently by Apple for 20M) Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 18
- 18. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA: Scanning Items Preview LOD LOD Scan & Link Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 19
- 19. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA: Scanning Items Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 20
- 20. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA: Indoor Localization Founded on prior work Cywee / Airplace http://youtu.be/DyvQLSuI00I Airplace and Anyplace (Navigate) seamlessly indoor or outdoor http://anyplace.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 21
- 21. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Motivation Collect & Link Open and Close Data with smartphones through an open call for ethical benefit Closed Data: Web 2.0 APIs (Google, Twitter, Facebook) Linked Open Data (LOD) (Freebase, DBPedia) CLODA Prototype Sensor / Geo Data Collect Reward Verification CLODA LOD Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 22
- 22. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 NoSQL DataStore: CouchDB Document in CouchDB Map Function function(doc) { for (i in doc.authors) { author = doc.authors[i]; emit(doc._id, author); } } Results (through REST/HTTP or Futon) Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 23
- 23. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 NoSQL DataStore: CouchDB Export JSON Data to RDF with Sessel (CouchApp that generates RDF triples from CouchDB documents) Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 24
- 24. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Motivation Collect & Link Open and Close Data with smartphones through an open call for ethical benefit Closed Data: Web 2.0 APIs (Google, Twitter, Facebook) Linked Open Data (LOD) (Freebase, DBPedia) CLODA Prototype Sensor / Geo Data Collect Reward Verification Last step essentially provided interlinking CLODA LOD with existing LOD Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 25
- 25. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA on the LOD Graph! CLODA http://www.stateofsearch.com/search-in-the-knowledge-graph-era/ Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 26
- 26. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Incentives • Incentives: – Ethical Benefit • Similar to people-centric sensing / wardriving – Enhance collaboration between users • Richer querying possibilities in the future. – Might be imposed by an Organization. • E.g., Inventory Management in a Hospital Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 27
- 27. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Quality Issues • Data Quality / Data Freshness – LOD data suffers from both of these aspects – Crowdsourcing offers Freshness but still lacks explicit Quality guarantees (repeat N times then majority vote) • Possible Solutions: Integrate Location-aware Techniques to validate data added and linked – Task of Identifying the neighbors of all users continuously with Proximity, see IEEE MDM'12. – Task of Identifying similarly moving users with SmartTrace, see IEEE TKDE, June, 2013. Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 28
- 28. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Testbed Issues • Currently, there are no testbeds (like motelab, planetlab) for realistically prototyping Smartphone Network applications and protocols at a large scale. • Currently applications are tested in emulators. – Sensors are not emulated. – Reprogramming is difficult. • SmartLab (http://smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/) is a first-of-akind programmable cloud of 40+ smartphones deployed at our department enabling a new line of systems-oriented research on smartphones. "Crowdsourcing with Smartphones", Georgios Chatzimiloudis, Andreas Konstantinides, Christos Laoudias, Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti IEEE Internet Computing (IC '12), Special Issue: Sep/Oct 2012 - Crowdsourcing, May 2012. IEEE Press, 2012 "Demo: A Programming Cloud of Smartphones", A. Konstantinidis, C. Costa, G. Larkou and D. ZeinalipourYazti, "Demo at the 10th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services" (Mobisys '12), Low Wood Bay, Lake District, UK, 2012. 29 Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
- 29. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Testbed Issues SmartLab: Massive smartphone simulations with our first global open smartphone IaaS cloud – http://smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ Static Androids Mobile Androids [SmartLab] "Demo: a programming cloud of smartphones", A. Konstantinidis, C. Costa, G. Larkou, D. Zeinalipour-Yazti, In ACM Mobisys '12. [ By our Group ] Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 30
- 30. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA Testbed Issues Presenter: Demetris Zeinalipour, http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ http://smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ 31
- 31. Dagstuhl Seminar 10042,Demetris Zeinalipour, University of Cyprus, 26/1/2010 CLODA: A Crowdsourced Linked Open Data Architecture Thanks! Questions? Georgios Larkou, Julia Metochi Georgios Chatzimilioudis and Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti http://dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/ First IEEE Intl. Workshop on Mobile Data Management, Mining and Computing on Social Networks (MobiSocial), co-located with IEEE MDM'13, June 3, 2013, Milan, Italy. 32 © Larkou, Metochi, Chatzimilioudis and Zeinalipour-Yazti, Mobisocial'13, Milan, Italy
Editor's Notes
- #10 A Topic in Freebase represents a single concept or real-world thing. Each topic has its own web page on freebase.com. A topic could also be called an entity, resource or element or thing, it is a fundamental unit in Freebase. All topics have the type /common/topic in addition to any other types they've been assigned. As of March 2010, there are about 12 million topics in Freebase. Examples of topics include: Barack Obama (person) Coit Tower (building) Goldfinger (film) Neuroscience (medical specialty) ===================================== Freebase is a collection of structured data, often referred to as facts. Examples of facts include Is-a assertions, expressed through Types such as: That a certain person is a professional athlete That a particular festival is a recurring event And Has-a assertions, expressed through Properties, such as: A person's spouse A city's population A car model's manufacturer A list of films that an actor has been in The term fact is also a synonym for a Primitive written to the graph.