![CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing shares characteristics with:
Client–server model — Client–server computing refers broadly to
any distributed application that distinguishes between service
providers (servers) and service requestors (clients).[38]
Grid computing — "A form of distributed and parallel computing,
whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of
a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in
concert to perform very large tasks."
Mainframe computer — Powerful computers used mainly by large
organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data
processing such as: census; industry and consumer statistics;
police and secret intelligence services; enterprise resource
planning; and financial transaction processing.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cloudcomputing-181117151345/85/Cloud-computing-7-320.jpg)
Cloud computing
- 2. CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing is a term used to refer to a model of network computing where a program or application runs on a connected server or servers rather than on a local computing device such as PC, tablet or smartphone. Like the traditional client-server model or older mainframe computing, a user connects with a server to perform a task. The difference with cloud computing is that the computing process may run on one or many connected computers at the time, utilizing the concept of virtualization.
- 3. CLOUD COMPUTING With virtualization, one or more physical servers can be configured and partitioned into multiple independent "virtual" servers, all functioning independently and appearing to the user to be a single physical device. In more detail, cloud computing refers to a computing hardware machine or group of computing hardware machines commonly referred as a server or servers connected through a communication network such as the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). Any individual user who has permission to access the server can use the server's processing power to run an application, store data, or perform any other computing task.
- 4. CLOUD COMPUTING The major models of cloud computing service are known as software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service. These cloud services may be offered in a public, private or hybrid network. Google,Amazon,IBM,OracleCloud, Rackspace, Salesforce, Zoho and Microsoft are some well-known cloud vendors . According to a 2008 IEEE paper, “Cloud Computing is a paradigm (Model) in which information is permanently stored in servers on the internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, hand-helds, sensors, monitors, etc.”
- 5. CLOUD COMPUTING In simple, we could describe cloud as internet, and cloud computing as large systems that are connected in public or private networks. For example, a company could have computers that connect to an application and allow workers to log in into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. In this system, a company will not have to provide the right hardware and software for every employee hired to do their jobs. Hence it could reduce cost, and make data or application more easily obtained and ubiquitously accessed
- 7. CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing shares characteristics with: Client–server model — Client–server computing refers broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requestors (clients).[38] Grid computing — "A form of distributed and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks." Mainframe computer — Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as: census; industry and consumer statistics; police and secret intelligence services; enterprise resource planning; and financial transaction processing.
- 8. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING One of the first questions asked with the introduction of a new technology is: “When was it invented?” Other questions like “When it was first mentioned?” and “What are the prospects for its future?” are also common. When we think of cloud computing, we think of situations, products and ideas that started in the 21st century. This is not exactly the whole truth. Cloud concepts have existed for many years.
- 9. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING It was a gradual evolution that started in the 1950s with mainframe computing. Multiple users were capable of accessing a central computer through dumb terminals, whose only function was to provide access to the mainframe. Because of the costs to buy and maintain mainframe computers, it was not practical for an organization to buy and maintain one for every employee. Nor did the typical user need the large (at the time) storage capacity and processing power that a mainframe provided. Providing shared access to a single resource was the solution that made economical sense for this sophisticated piece of technology.
- 10. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING It was a gradual evolution that started in the 1950s with mainframe computing.
- 11. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING After some time, around 1970, the concept of virtual machines (VMs) was created. Using virtualization software like VMware, it became possible to execute one or more operating systems simultaneously in an isolated environment. Complete computers (virtual) could be executed inside one physical hardware which in turn can run a completely different operating system. The VM operating system took the 1950s’ shared access mainframe to the next level, permitting multiple distinct computing environments to reside on one physical environment. Virtualization came to drive the technology, and was an important catalyst in the communication and information evolution.
- 12. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING After some time, around 1970, the concept of virtual machines (VMs) was created.
- 13. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING In the 1990s, telecommunications companies started offering virtualized private network connections. Historically, telecommunications companies only offered single dedicated point–to-point data connections. The newly offered virtualized private network connections had the same service quality as their dedicated services at a reduced cost. Instead of building out physical infrastructure to allow for more users to have their own connections, telecommunications companies were now able to provide users with shared access to the same physical infrastructure.
- 15. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING One of the first milestones in cloud computing history was the arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website. The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream software firms to deliver applications over the internet. The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which provided a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Then in 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent computers on which to run their own computer applications.
- 16. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING "Amazon EC2/S3 was the first widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure service,“ which provides its SaaS online video platform to UK TV stations and newspapers. Another big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though services such as Google Apps. SoftLayer is one of the largest global providers of cloud computing infrastructure. IBM already has platforms in its portfolio that include private, public and hybrid cloud solutions. The purchase of SoftLayer guarantees an even more comprehensive infrastructure as a service (IaaS) solution. While many companies look to maintain some applications in data centers, many others are moving to public clouds.
- 17. Vision of cloud computing A cloud is simply a centralised technology platform which provides specific IT services to a selected range of users, offering the ability to login from anywhere, ideally from any device and over any connection, including the Internet.
- 18. CLOUD COMPUTING is a model for enabling convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction Definition according to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) CLOUD COMPUTING
- 19. NIST Note 1: Cloud computing is still an evolving paradigm. Its definitions, use cases, underlying technologies, issues, risks, and benefits will be refined in a spirited debate by the public and private sectors. These definitions, attributes, and characteristics will evolve and change over Note 2: The cloud computing industry represents a large ecosystem of many models, vendors,and market niches. This definition attempts to encompass all of the various cloud approaches
- 20. DEFINITION OF CLOUD COMPUTING: CLOUD COMPUTING is a model for enabling convenient, demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. this cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
- 21. On- demand Self Service Broad Network Access Resource Pooling - Location Independence Rapid Elasticity Measured Service 5 ESSENTIAL CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS
- 22. on-demand self-service. a consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider. BROAD NETWORK ACCESS. capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile PHONES, LAPTOPS, AND PDAS).
- 23. Resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
- 24. Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
- 25. 4 CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS Enterprise owned or leased Shared infrastructure for specific community Sold to public, mega-scale infrastructure Composition of two or more clouds FOUR DEPLOYMENT MODELS
- 26. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS) It is a Software Delivery Model Service is delivered through a browser. No Hardware or Software to manage. Increasingly popular with Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME). Examples of usage: Your email is hosted on an exchange server in your office and it is very slow. You may outsource this with services like Hosted exchange. Your current Customer Relationship Management (CRM) package is not managing the load or you simply don’t want to host it in-house. You may use SaaS provider such as salesforce.com. Enterprise Fraud Management through SaaS.
- 27. » It is a Platform delivery model which deploys customer created applications to a cloud. » Plat forms which are built upon Infrastructures are expensive, hence it is cost efficient to go for platforms as a service. » The Platform management is also cumbersome when compared to using a platform as a service. » Estimating the demand in a platform is highly unpredictable, hence the platform as a service can take care of the demand. » Examples of usage: » You need to host a large file (10MB) on your website and making it available for 35,000 users for only two months duration. You may use Cloud Front from amazon. » You want to start Storage Services on your network for a large number of files and you do not have the storage capacity. You may use Amazon S3. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- 28. ‼ It is a Computer Infrastructure delivery model. Hiring fundamental Computing Resources. ‼ Access to → Infrastructure stack. → Full Operating System access. → Firewalls. → Routers. → Load Balancing. ‼ Example of usage: → You want to host a website but only for a few days. You may use Flexi Scale. → You want to run a batch job but you do not have the infrastructure necessary to run it in a timely manner. You may use Amazon EC2. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)