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Cloud computing
Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications and services over the internet. It has seen rapid growth in recent years. There are different service models like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) depending on what capabilities are provided to the user. Cloud computing can be deployed using private, public, hybrid or community models depending on who manages the infrastructure and who has access to it. While cloud computing provides benefits like flexibility, scalability and cost savings, concerns around security, privacy and reliability remain challenges to adoption.
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Cloud computing
- 1. Cloud Computing: Conceptsand Overview
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- 3. THE CLOUD BUZZ TheInternet Industry Is on a Cloud ā Whatever That May Mean ā¢Wall Street Journal, March 26, 2009, A1 The U.S. Federal Government cloud computing market enters into double-digit growth phase ā at about 16% CAGR over the period 2013-2018, with annual federal cloud computing market to hit $10 billion landmark by 2018. āCloud Computing 'Something We Absolutely Have to Doāā ā¢ John Garing, CIO, DISA Worldwide Cloud Computing market is continuing to grow at a rapid rate and it is expected to cross US$ 25 Billion by the end of 2013 ā¢Marketresearch.com
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- 5. Ref: IT Workshopon Cloud Computing Computing History: Closer Look
- 6. ā¢ It providescomputation, software, data access, and storage services as a utility over a network (typically the Internet) ā Do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services ā¢ Parallel to the electricity grid ā The end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service ā¢ Computing as a utility is a dream that dates from the beginning of the computing industry itself. ā A way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. ā Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay- peruse service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities. What is Cloud Computing?
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- 8. ā¢ A styleof computing where massively scalable (and elastic) IT-related capabilities are provided āas a serviceā to external customers using Internet technologies. Whatās new? (Gartnerās Insight) Whatās new? Acquisition Model: Based on purchasing of services Business Model: Based on pay for use Access Model: Over the Internet to ANY device Technical Model: Scalable, elastic, dynamic, multi-tenant, & sharable
- 9. ā¢ Cloud computingproviders deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. ā¢ The legacy applications ā Delivered via a screen-sharing technology, while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location ā Or the entire business application is coded using webbased technologies such as AJAX. CLOUD DELIVERY
- 10. ā¢ The realparadigm shift is in the way in which systems are deployed ā The long-held dream of utility computing become possible with a pay-as-you-go, infinitely scalable, universally available system. ā You can start very small and become big very fast. ā¢ Cloud computing is revolutionary, even if the technology it is built on is evolutionary. ā¢ Not all applications benefit from deployment in the cloud. ā Issues with latency, transaction control, and in particular security and regulatory compliance are of particular concern. CLOUD COMPUTING: A PARADIGM SHIFT
- 11. Hype Cycle MASTERING THEHYPE CYCLE: How to Choose the Right Innovation at the Right Time, Jackie Fenn and Mark Raskino http://www.gartner.com/it/products/research/media_products/book/
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- 14. ā¢ Cloud computinghas "moved noticeably along the Hype Cycle since 2011ā. ā¢ 2012: ā Hybrid Cloud Computing has just entered the Peak of Inflated Expectations; ā Private Cloud Computing has just left the Peak of Inflated Expectations; ā Cloud Computing has just entered the Trough of Disillusionment. ā¢ Cloud computing, together with big data and in-memory database management systems, are the tipping point technologies that will make this scenario accessible to enterprises, governments and consumers. Cloud in the Cycle: From 2011 to 2012
- 15. The Beginning ofCloud Computing
- 16. Evolution of InternetComputing Publish Inform Interact Integrate Transact Discover(intelligence) Automate(discovery) time scale Socialmediaandnetworking Semantic discovery Data-intensive HPC, cloudweb deep web Datamarketplaceandanalytics Ref: Wipro Chennai 2011
- 17. Adopted from Krutz& Vines (2010) ORIGINS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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- 19. The story: http://www.businessweek.com/stories/20 06-11-12/jeff-bezos-risky-bet Amazon Story:A risky bet At 2 a.m. on Aug. 24, a new venture called Elastic Compute Cloud quietly launched in test mode. Its service: cheap, raw computing power that could be tapped on demand over the Internet just like electricity. In less than five hours, hundreds of programmers, hoping to use the service One desperate latecomer instant-messaged a $10,000 offer for a slot to a lucky winner, who declined to give it up. "It's really cool," enthuses entrepreneur Luke Matkins, who will run his soon-to-launch music site on the service.
- 20. ā¢ Went fromcentralized mainframes to distributed desktops and now is going back to another centralized model: Cloud Computing Cloud Computing: A circle
- 21. Disruptive Technologies &Internet
- 22. A closer look:Cloud Computing
- 23. What is CloudComputing?
- 24. āCloud computing isa model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interactionā NIST Definition
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- 26. ā¢ On-demand self-service.A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. ā¢ Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations). ā¢ Resource pooling. The providerās computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth. ā¢ Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. ā¢ Measured service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. (Provided by NIST) Five Cloud Characteristics
- 27. Four perspectives, Fourattributes
- 28. ā¢ The fourdimensions are: ā Physical location of the data: Internal / External ā Ownership: Proprietary/Open ā Security boundary: Perimeterised / Deperimiterised ā Sourcing: Insourced or Outsourced THE CLOUD CUBE MODEL The Cloud Cube Model is meant to show that the traditional notion of a network boundary being the network's firewall no longer applies in cloud computing -JERICHO FORUM
- 29. ā¢ On-demand self-service:. ā¢Broad network access ā¢ Resource pooling: ā¢ Quality of Service: The Quality of Service (QoS) is something that you can obtain under contract from your vendor. ā¢ Reliability: The scale of cloud computing networks and their ability to provide load balancing and failover makes them highly reliable, of ten much more reliable than what you can achieve in a single organization. ā¢ Rapid elasticity ā¢ Measured service ā¢ Lower costs: Because cloud networks operate at higher efficiencies and with greater utilization, Significant cost reductions are often encountered. ā¢ Ease of utilization: Depending upon the type of service being offered, you may find that you do not require hardware or software licenses to implement your service. BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
- 30. ā¢ Not customizable ā¢Less features: ERP Applications deployed on-premises still have many more features than their cloud counterparts ā¢ Latency: All cloud computing applications suffer from the inherent latency that is intrinsic in their WAN connectivity. ā¢ Data Transfer Issues: While cloud computing applications excel at large-scale processing tasks, if your applications needs large amounts of data transfer, cloud computing may not be the best model for you. ā¢ Additionally, cloud computing is a stateless system, as is the Internet in general. ā That lack of state allows messages to travel over different routes and for data to arrive out of sequence, and many other characteristics allow the communication to succeed even when the medium is faulty. ā Therefore, to impose transactional coherency upon the system, additional overhead in the form of service brokers, transaction managers, and other middleware must be added to the system. This can introduce a very large performance hit into some applications. Demerits: Cloud Computing
- 31. ā¢ Concerns ofprivacy and security. When your data travels over and rests on systems that are no longer under your control, you have increased risk due to the interception and malfeasance of others. You can't count on a cloud provider maintaining your privacy in the face of government actions. ā In the United States, an example is the National Security Agency's program that ran millions of phone calls from AT&T and Verizon through a data analyzer to extract the phone calls that matched its security criteria. VoIP is one of the services that is heavily deployed on cloud computing systems. ā Another example is the case of Google's service in China, which had been subject to a filter that removed content to which the Chinese government objected. After five years of operation, and after Google detected that Chinese hackers were accessing Gmail accounts of Chinese citizens, Google moved their servers for Google.ch to Hong Kong. ā¢ Regulatory compliance Issues ā¢ Reliability Demerits: Cloud Computing (Contd.)
- 32. ā¢ Messaging andteam collaboration applications ā¢ Cross enterprise integration projects ā¢ Infrastructure consolidation, server, and desktop virtualization efforts ā¢ Web 2.0 and social strategy companies ā¢ Web content delivery services ā¢ Data analytics and computation ā¢ Mobility applications for the enterprise ā¢ CRM applications ā¢ Experimental deployments, test bed labs, and development efforts ā¢ Backup and archival storage ā¢ By: Jitendra Pal Thethi, a Principle Architect for Infosys' Microsoft Technology Group Top 10 Business Types for Cloud
- 33. ā¢ Virtualization ā Alayer mapping its visible interface and resources onto the interface and resources of the underlying layer or system on which it is implemented ā Purposes ā¢ Abstraction ā to simplify the use of the underlying resource (e.g., by removing details of the resourceās structure) ā¢ Replication ā to create multiple instances of the resource (e.g., to simplify management or allocation) ā¢ Isolation ā to separate the uses which clients make of the underlying resources (e.g., to improve security) ā¢ Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) ā A virtualization system that partitions a single physical āmachineā into multiple virtual machines. ā Terminology ā¢ Host ā the machine and/or software on which the VMM is implemented ā¢ Guest ā the OS which executes under the control of the VMM Virtualization
- 34. ā¢ Server consolidation āRun a web server and a mail server on the same physical server ā¢ Easier development ā Develop critical operating system components (file system, disk driver) without affecting computer stability ā¢ QA ā Testing a network product (e.g., a firewall) may require tens of computers ā Try testing thoroughly a product at each pre-release milestoneā¦ and have a straight face when your boss shows you the electricity bill ā¢ Cloud computing ā The modern buzz-word ā Amazon sells computing power ā You pay for e.g., 2 CPU cores for 3 hours plus 10GB of network traffic Uses of Virtualization (by IBM)
- 35. Cloud Computing: Service& Deployment Models
- 36. ā¢ Two distinctsets of models: ā Deployment models (location and management of the cloud's infrastructure) ā Service models that you can access on a cloud computing platform. Cloud Computing: Service & Deployment models
- 37. ā¢ A cloudis defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software. ā¢ A service that concentrates on hardware follows the Infrastructure as a Ser vice ( IaaS) mode ā Amazon EC2, Eucalyptus, GoGrid, FlexiScale, Linode, RackSpace, Terremark ā¢ When the service requires the client to use a complete hardware/software/application stack, it is using the most refined and restrictive service model , called the Plat form as a Service (PaaS) model. ā Force.com, GoGrid Cloud Center, Google AppEngine, Windows Azure Platform ā¢ When you add a software stack, such as an operating system and applications to the service, the model shifts to the Software as a Service (SaaS) model . ā GoogleApps, Oracle On Demand, SalesForce.com, SQLAzure Cloud: Service Models
- 38. ā¢ Software asa Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the providerās applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. ā¢ Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. ā¢ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). Service Models by NIST
- 39. ā¢ Private cloud.The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. ā¢ Community cloud. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. ā¢ Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. ā¢ Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds). NIST DEPLOYMENT MODELS
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Editor's Notes
- #4Ā CIO of the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), Shows the kind of pressue which different firms face + competitors marketing with Cloud
- #6Ā Ask the participatnts about Web 2.0
- #7Ā State Example here- Village Draught
- #10Ā Legacy Applications: Which have not been coded based on cloud parameters. Basically Line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows computing
- #12Ā Hype cycle - A hype cycle is a graphic representation of the maturity, adoption and social application of specific technologies. The term was coined by Gartner, Inc.[ "Technology Trigger" ā The first phase of a hype cycle is the "technology trigger" or breakthrough, product launch or other event that generates significant press and interest. "Peak of Inflated Expectations" ā In the next phase, a frenzy of publicity typically generates over-enthusiasm and unrealistic expectations. There may be some successful applications of a technology, but there are typically more failures. "Trough of Disillusionment" ā Technologies enter the "trough of disillusionment" because they fail to meet expectations and quickly become unfashionable. Consequently, the press usually abandons the topic and the technology. "Slope of Enlightenment" ā Although the press may have stopped covering the technology, some businesses continue through the "slope of enlightenment" and experiment to understand the benefits and practical application of the technology. "Plateau of Productivity" ā A technology reaches the "plateau of productivity" as the benefits of it become widely demonstrated and accepted. The technology becomes increasingly stable and evolves in second and third generations. The final height of the plateau varies according to whether the technology is broadly applicable or benefits only a niche market.
- #15Ā Ask the participants about BIG DATA Analytics SAP HANA
- #22Ā A disruptive innovation is an innovation that helps create a new market and value network, and eventually goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network (over a few years or decades), displacing an earlier technology.
- #25Ā National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- #29Ā Refer Session 2 P1 (Cube Model)
- #31Ā Latency is a measure of time delay experienced in a system
- #32Ā Regulatory compliance issues of various kinds. In the United States, companies must comply with the accounting requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; health care providers comply with the data privacy rules of HIPAA, and so on. In Europe, the European Common Market has a raft of its own legislation for companies to deal with. Rules apply to data at rest, and different rules may apply to data in transit. If you stage your cloud computing deployment across states and countries, the bad news is that you may end up having to comply with multiple jurisdictions. Don't expect much support from the cloud system provider or from the governments involved. The laws of most regulatory agencies place the entire burden on the client. So when it comes to compliance, cloud computing is still the "Wild West" of computing. Reliability? Apr 21st 2011: Amazonās cloud hosting service experienced technical errors that caused several major websites to go down. The Amazon Elastic Cloud Computing service is one of the leading providers in cloud computing, hosting several of the major social websites including Foursquare, Quora, and Reddit.