Cloud computing applicatio
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This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as a model for enabling ubiquitous access to shared configurable computing resources over the Internet. The document then discusses the history of cloud computing from time-sharing mainframes in the 1970s to modern cloud platforms from Amazon, Microsoft, Google, IBM and others emerging in the 2000s and 2010s. It also outlines the main service models of cloud computing including Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service.
Cloud computing applicatio
- 1. A seminar on: - Cloud Computing Application CLOUD COMPUTING APPLICATIO GUIDE BY:- ******************** PRESENTED BY:- Chetan Sontakke Mankuwar Sewata
- 2. INDEX Introduction Definition History Architecture of cloud computing Service models Application of cloud computing Mobile cloud computing IBM cloud computing Niwa cloud computing IEEE cloud computing Example of cloud computing Advantages of cloud computing Disadvantages of cloud computing
- 3. Introduction:- Computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company Cloud and accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user—it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the Internet represents. Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your firewall. However we define cloud computing, there's no doubt it makes most sense when we stop talking about abstract definitions and look at some simple, real examples—so let's do just that.
- 4. What is Cloud Computing Application Is an application program that functions in the cloud, with some characteristics of a pure desktop app and some characteristics of a pure Web application. Definition of cloud computing:- Cloud computing is a new form of Internet-based computing that provides shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., computer networks, servers, storage, applications and services) History 1970s During the 1960s, the initial concepts of time-sharing became popularized via RJE (Remote Job Entry); this terminology was mostly associated with large vendors such as IBM and DEC. Full time-sharing solutions were available by the early 1970s on such platforms as Multics (on GE hardware), Cambridge CTSS, and the earliest UNIX ports (on DEC hardware). Yet, the "data center" model where users submitted jobs to operators to run on IBM mainframes was overwhelmingly predominant. 1990s In the 1990s, telecommunications companies, who previously offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering virtual private network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service, but at a lower cost. By switching traffic as they saw fit to balance server use, they could use overall network bandwidth more effectively. They began to use the cloud symbol to denote the demarcation point between what the provider was responsible for and what users were responsible for. Cloud computing extended this boundary to cover all servers as well as the network infrastructure. As computers became more diffused, scientists and technologists explored ways to make large-scale computing power available to more users through time-sharing.They experimented with algorithms to optimize the infrastructure, platform, and applications to prioritize CPUs and increase efficiency for end users.
- 5. 2000s Since 2000, cloud computing has come into existence. In early 2008, NASA's Open Nebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open- source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds. In the same year, efforts were focused on providing quality of service guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project, resulting in a real-time cloud environment. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them “and observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per- use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas. In August 2006 Amazon introduced its Elastic Compute Cloud.Microsoft Azure was announced as "Azure" in October 2008 and was released on 1 February 2010 as Windows Azure, before being renamed to Microsoft Azure on 25 March 2014. For a time, Azure was on the TOP500 supercomputer list, before it dropped off it. In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an open-source cloud-software initiative known as open Stack. The open Stack project intended to help organizations offering cloud-computing services running on standard hardware. The early code came from NASA's Nebula platform as well as from Rackspace's Cloud Files platform. As an open source offering and along with other open- source solutions such as Cloud Stack, Genetic and Open Nebula, it has attracted attention by several key communities. Several studies aim at comparing these open sources offerings based on a set of criteria. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the IBM Smart Cloud framework to support Smarter Planet.Among the various components of the Smarter Computing foundation, cloud computing is a critical part. On June 7, 2012, Oracle announced the Oracle Cloud. While aspects of the Oracle Cloud are still in development, this cloud offering is poised to be the first to provide users with access to an integrated set of IT solutions, including the Applications (SaaS), Platform (PaaS), and Infrastructure (IaaS) layers In April of 2008, Google released Google App Engine in beta.In May of 2012, Google Compute Engine was released in preview, before being rolled out into General Availability in December of 2013
- 6. Goal of cloud computing: The goal of cloud computing is to allow users to take benefit from all of these technologies, without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them. The cloud aims to cut costs, and helps the users focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles. The main enabling technology for cloud computing is virtualization. Virtualization software separates a physical computing device into one or more "virtual" devices, each of which can be easily used and managed to perform computing tasks. Reduced Spending on Technology Infrastructure: Moving to cloud computing may reduce the cost of managing and maintaining your IT systems. Rather than purchasing expensive systems and equipment for your business, you can reduce your costs by using the resources of your cloud computing service provider. You may be able to reduce your operating costs because the cost of system upgrades, new hardware and software may be included in your contract you no longer need to pay wages for expert staff your energy consumption costs may be reduced There are fewer time delays. Globalizing Workspace/ Easy Accessibility: Globalizing your workspace or system may add additional agility and effectiveness to your system. For example, you have the ability to access data from home, on holiday, or via the commute to and from work (providing you have an Internet connection). If you need access to your data while you are off-site, you can connect to your virtual office, quickly and easily. Improve Flexibility and Scalability: Your business can scale up or scale down your operation and storage needs quickly to suit your situation, allowing flexibility as your needs change. Rather than purchasing and installing expensive upgrades yourself, your cloud computer service provider can handle this for you. Using the cloud frees up your time so you can get on with running your business.
- 7. Better Resource Utilization: Using technologies such as virtualization and distributed computing, computing resources can be used fully up to their potentials. In cloud model, you can pay whatever you use for your operational purpose. Cloud computing architecture: Cloud architecture The systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over a loose coupling mechanism such as a messaging queue. Elastic provision implies intelligence in the use of tight or loose coupling as applied to mechanisms such as these and others. Cloud computing sample architecture Cloud engineering Is the application of engineering disciplines to cloud computing. It brings a systematic approach to the high-level concerns of commercialization, standardization, and governance in conceiving, developing, operating and maintaining cloud computing systems. It is a multidisciplinary method encompassing contributions from diverse areas such as systems, software, web, performance, information, security, platform, risk, and quality engineering.
- 8. Service models: Software as a Service (SaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. Platform as a Service (PaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer- created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls) Cloud computing service model
- 9. Applicationsof cloud computing:- Mobile Cloud Computing: (MCC) is the combination of cloud computing, mobile computing and wireless networks to bring rich computational resources to mobile users, network operators, as well as cloud computing providers.The ultimate goal of MCC is to enable execution of rich mobile applications on a plethora of mobile devices, with a rich user experience. MCC provides business opportunities for mobile network operators as well as cloud providers. More comprehensively, MCC can be defined as "a rich mobile computing technology that leverages unified elastic resources of varied clouds and network technologies toward unrestricted functionality, storage, and mobility to serve a multitude of mobile devices anywhere, anytime through the channel of Ethernet or Internet regardless of heterogeneous environments and platforms based on the pay-as-you-use principle. Architecture: Mobile cloud architecture MCC uses computational augmentation approaches (computations are executed remotely instead of on the device) by which resource-constraint mobile devices can utilize computational resources of varied cloud-based resources. In MCC, there are four types of cloud-based resources, namely distant immobile clouds, proximate immobile computing entities, proximate mobile computing entities, and hybrid (combination of the other three model).Giant clouds such as Amazon EC2 are in the distant immobile groups whereas cloudlet or surrogates are member of proximate immobile computing entities. Smartphones, tablets, handheld devices, and wearable computing devices are part of the third group of cloud-based resources which is proximate mobile computing entities. Vodafone,Orange and Verizon have started to offer cloud computing services for companies.
- 10. IBM cloud computing: IBM cloud computing is a set of cloud computing services for business offered by the information technology company IBM. IBM cloud includes infrastructure as a service (IaaS), software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid cloud delivery models, in addition to the components that make up those clouds. History: IBM cloud computing emerged from the union of its mainframe computing and virtualization technologies.Known as the original virtualization company. IBM’s first experiments in virtualization occurred in the 1960s with the development of the virtual machine (VM) on CP-40 and CP-67 operating systems. CP-67, a hypervisor used for software testing and development, enabled memory sharing across VMs while giving each user their own virtual memory space. IBM began selling VM technology for the mainframe in 1972 IBM began to develop a strategy for cloud computing in 2007. In October 2007, IBM announced a partnership with Google to promote cloud computing in universities. IBM claimed in April 2011 that 80% of Fortune 500 companies were using IBM cloud, and that their software and services were used by more than 20 million end-user customers, with clients including American Airlines, Aviva, Carfax, Frito-Lay, India First Life Insurance Company, and 7-Eleven.On 4 June 2013 IBM announced its acquisition of Soft Layer, to form an IBM Cloud Services Division Public, private and hybrid cloud models cloud, owned and operated by the customer cloud, owned by the customer, but operated by IBM (or another provider) cloud, owned and operated by IBM (or another provider) private cloud services (based on multi-tenanted support for individual enterprises) cloud services (based on the provision of functions to individuals)
- 11. NIWA Cloud Application Platform: NIWA Cloud Application Platformis a platform as a service (PaaS) cloud computing platform for developing and hosting web application. Web applications run in several containers in the cloud. This allows you to scale applications automatically: while the number of requests to the application grows, resources are allocated automatically.
- 12. IEEE Cloud Computing: IEEE Cloud Computing is a global initiative launched by IEEE to promote cloud computing, big data and related technologies, and to provide expertise and resources to individuals and enterprises involved in cloud computing History: In 2010, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) sponsored two cloud computing–specific conferences: IEEE CLOUD and IEEE CloudCom. With the success of the two conferences, IEEE Senior Member and IEEE Computer Society past president Steve Diamond, began urging the organization to take an active role in the development of cloud computing standards Current work: IEEE Cloud Computing continues to pursue efforts to provide cloud computing standards, advancement of cloud computing technologies, and to educate users on the benefits of cloud computing. As part of this ongoing effort, it offers a variety of activities, products, and services, including the IEEE Cloud Computing portal, conferences and events, continuing education courses, publications, standards, and the IEEE Intercloud Testbed platform for testing cloud computing interoperability
- 13. Simple examples of cloud computing:- Most of us use cloud computing all day long without realizing it. When you sit at your PC and type a query into Google, the computer on your desk isn't playing much part in finding the answers you need: it's no more than a messenger. The words you type are swiftly shuttled over the Net to one of Google's hundreds of thousands of clustered PCs, which dig out your results and send them promptly back to you. When you do a Google search, the real work in finding your answers might be done by a computer sitting in California, Dublin, Tokyo, or Beijing; you don't know—and most likely you don't care! The same applies to Web-based email. Once upon a time, email was something you could only send and receive using a program running on your PC (sometimes called a mail client). But then Web-based services such as Hotmail came along and carried email off into the cloud. Now we're all used to the idea that emails can be stored and processed through a server in some remote part of the world, easily accessible from a Web browser, wherever we happen to be. Pushing email off into the cloud makes it supremely convenient for busy people, constantly on the move. Preparing documents over the Net is a newer example of cloud computing. Simply log on to a web-based service such as Google Documents and you can create a document, spreadsheet, presentation, or whatever you like using Web-based software. Instead of typing your words into a program like Microsoft Word or Open Office, running on your computer, you're using similar software running on a PC at one of Google's world-wide data centers. Like an email drafted on Hotmail, the document you produce is stored remotely, on a Webserver, so you can access it from any Internet-connected computer, anywhere in the world, any time you like. Do you know where it's stored? No! Do you care where it's stored? Again, no! Using a Web-based service like this means you're "contracting out" or "outsourcing" some of your computing needs to a company such as Google: they pay the cost of developing the software and keeping it up-to-date and they earn back the money to do this through advertising and other paid-for services.
- 14. Advantages of cloud computing:- Advantages:- Cost Savings Perhaps, the most significant cloud computing benefit is in terms of IT cost savings. Businesses, no matter what their type or size, exist to earn money while keeping capital and operational expenses to a minimum. With cloud computing, you can save substantial capital costs with zero in-house server storage and application requirements. The lack of on-premises infrastructure also removes their associated operational costs in the form of power, air conditioning and administration costs. You pay for what is used and disengage whenever you like - there is no invested IT capital to worry about. It’s a common misconception that only large businesses can afford to use the cloud, when in fact, cloud services are extremely affordable for smaller businesses. Reliability With a managed service platform, cloud computing is much more reliable and consistent than in-house IT infrastructure. Most providers offer a Service Level Agreement which guarantees 24/7/365 and 99.99% availability. Your organization can benefit from a massive pool of redundant IT resources, as well as quick failover mechanism - if a server fails, hosted applications and services can easily be transited to any of the available servers. Manageability Cloud computing provides enhanced and simplified IT management and maintenance capabilities through central administration of resources, vendor managed infrastructure and SLA backed agreements. IT infrastructure updates and maintenance are eliminated, as all resources are maintained by the service provider. You enjoy a simple web-based user interface for accessing software, applications and services – without the need for installation - and an SLA ensures the timely and guaranteed delivery, management and maintenance of your IT services.
- 15. Strategic Edge Ever-increasing computing resources give you a competitive edge over competitors, as the time you require for IT procurement is virtually nil. Your company can deploy mission critical applications that deliver significant business benefits, without any upfront costs and minimal provisioning time. Cloud computing allows you to forget about technology and focus on your key business activities and objectives. It can also help you to reduce the time needed to market newer applications and services.
- 16. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Disadvantages:- Downtime As cloud service providers take care of a number of clients each day, they can become overwhelmed and may even come up against technical outages. This can lead to your business processes being temporarily suspended. Additionally, if your internet connection is offline, you will not be able to access any of your applications, server or data from the cloud. Security Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards and industry certifications, storing data and important files on external service providers always opens up risks. Using cloud-powered technologies means you need to provide your service provider with access to important business data. Meanwhile, being a public service opens up cloud service providers to security challenges on a routine basis. The ease in procuring and accessing cloud services can also give nefarious users the ability to scan, identify and exploit loopholes and vulnerabilities within a system. For instance, in a multi-tenant cloud architecture where multiple users are hosted on the same server, a hacker might try to break into the data of other users hosted and stored on the same server. However, such exploits and loopholes are not likely to surface, and the likelihood of a compromise is not great. Vendor Lock-In Although cloud service providers promise that the cloud will be flexible to use and integrate, switching cloud services is something that hasn’t yet completely evolved. Organizations may find it difficult to migrate their services from one vendor to another. Hosting and integrating current cloud applications on another platform may throw up interoperability and support issues. For instance, applications developed on Microsoft Development Framework (.Net) might not work properly on the Linux platform.
- 17. Limited Control Since the cloud infrastructure is entirely owned, managed and monitored by the service provider, it transfers minimal control over to the customer. The customer can only control and manage the applications, data and services operated on top of that, not the backend infrastructure itself. Key administrative tasks such as server shell access, updating and firmware management may not be passed to the customer or end user. It is easy to see how the advantages of cloud computing easily outweigh the drawbacks. Decreased costs, reduced downtime, and less management effort are benefits that speak for themselves.