cloud computing data for computer science.pptx
- 1. WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING? Simply put, cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. You typically pay only for cloud services you use, helping lower your operating costs, run your infrastructure more efficiently and scale as your business needs change
- 2. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING • Old Mainframes & Mini Computers introduced idea of time-sharing & Client- Server Model.This terminology was mostly associated with large vendors such as IBM and DEC. • In the 1990s, telecommunications companies, who previously offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering virtual private network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service, but at a lower cost. • In March 2006 Amazon introduced its Simple Storage Service (S3), followed by Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in August of the same year • In February 2010, Microsoft released Microsoft Azure • On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the IBM SmartCloud framework • In May 2012, Google Compute Engine was released
- 3. TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING •Public Cloud: Services and resources are provided over the internet and shared across multiple users. Examples: AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud. •Private Cloud: A cloud environment dedicated to a single organization, offering greater control and security. Example: Private data centers or dedicated virtual environments. •Hybrid Cloud: A mix of public and private clouds, enabling data and applications to be shared between them. Example: Using a private cloud for sensitive data and public cloud for scalability.
- 5. PUBLIC CLOUD COMPUTING Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet. Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud.With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider.You access these services and manage your account using a web browser. Advantages of public clouds: Lower costs—no need to purchase hardware or software and you pay only for the service you use. No maintenance—your service provider provides the maintenance Near-unlimited scalability—on-demand resources are available to meet your business needs High reliability—a vast network of servers ensures against failure.
- 6. ADVANTAGES OF A PRIVATE CLOUD: A private cloud consists of cloud computing resources used exclusively by one business or organisation. The private cloud can be physically located at your organisation’s on-site datacenter or it can be hosted by a third-party service provider. But in a private cloud, the services and infrastructure are always maintained on a private network and the hardware and software are dedicated solely to your organisation. PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING • More flexibility—your organisation can customise its cloud environment to meet specific business needs. • more control—resources are not shared with others, so higher levels of control and privacy are possible. • More scalability—private clouds often offer more scalability compared to on-premises
- 7. HYBRID CLOUD COMPUTING A hybrid cloud is a type of cloud computing that combines on-premises infrastructure—or a private cloud— with a public cloud. Hybrid clouds allow data and apps to move between the two environments. Many organisations choose a hybrid cloud approach due to business imperatives such as meeting regulatory and data sovereignty requirements, taking full advantage of on-premises technology investment or addressing low latency issues. The hybrid cloud is evolving to include edge workloads as well. Edge computing brings the computing power of the cloud to IoT devices—closer to where the data resides. By moving workloads to the edge, devices spend less time communicating with the cloud, reducing latency and they are even able to operate reliably in extended offline periods.
- 8. BENEFITS OF HYBRID CLOUD A hybrid cloud platform gives organisations many advantages—such as greater flexibility, more deployment options, security, compliance and getting more value from their existing infrastructure. Organisations gain the flexibility and innovation the public cloud provides by running certain workloads in the cloud while keeping highly sensitive data in their own datacenter to meet client needs or regulatory requirements. Advantages of the hybrid cloud: • Control—your organisation can maintain a private infrastructure for sensitive assets or workloads that require low latency. • Flexibility—you can take advantage of additional resources in the public cloud when you need them. • Cost-effectivenss—with the ability to scale to the public cloude, you pay for extra computing power only when needed. • Ease—transitioning to the cloud does not have to be overwhelming because you can migrate gradually— phasing in workloads over time.
- 9. CLOUD SERVICE MODELS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): •Provides virtualized computing resources (e.g., virtual machines, storage). •Example: AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine. Platform as a Service (PaaS): •Provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without •managing infrastructure. •Example: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Services. Serverless and Software as a Service (SaaS): •Delivers software applications via the internet, usually on a subscription basis. •Example: Gmail, Microsoft Office 365.
- 11. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is an instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed over the internet. IaaS quickly scales up and down with demand, letting you pay only for what you use. It helps you avoid the expense and complexity of buying and managing your own physical servers and other datacentre infrastructure. Each resource is offered as a separate service component and you only need to rent a particular one for as long as you need it. A cloud computing service provider, such as Azure, manages the infrastructure, while you purchase, install, configure and manage your own software—operating systems, middleware and applications.
- 12. Common IaaS business scenarios Typical things businesses do with IaaS include: • Test and development. Teams can quickly set up and dismantle test and development environments, bringing new applications tomarket faster. IaaS makes it quick and economical to scale up dev-test environments up sand down. • Website hosting. Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web hosting. • Storage, backup and recovery. Organisations avoid the capital outlay for storage and complexity of storage management, which typically requires a skilled staff to manage data and meet legal and compliance requirements. IaaS is useful for handling unpredictable demand and steadily growing storage needs. It can also simplify planning and management of backup and recovery systems.
- 13. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING •On-demand Self-service: Users can provision computing resources as needed automatically. •Broad Network Access: Cloud services are accessible over the internet from various devices • (laptops, smartphones, etc.). •Resource Pooling: Cloud providers pool resources to serve multiple customers, using multi-tenant models. •Rapid Elasticity: Resources can be scaled up or down quickly according to demand. •Measured Service: Cloud resources are metered, and customers pay only for what they use.
- 14. Common IaaS business scenarios • Test and development. Teams can quickly set up and dismantle test and development environments, bringing new applications to market faster. IaaS makes it quick and economical to scale up dev-test environments up and down. • Website hosting. Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web hosting. • Storage, backup and recovery. Organisations avoid the capital outlay for storage and complexity of storage management, which typically requires a skilled staff to manage data and meet legal and compliance requirements. IaaS is useful for handling unpredictable demand and steadily growing storage needs. It can also simplify planning and management of backup and recovery systems. • Web apps. IaaS provides all the infrastructure to support web apps, including storage, web and application servers and networking resources. Organisations can quickly deploy web apps on IaaS and easily scale infrastructure up and down when demand for the apps is unpredictable. • High-performance computing. High-performance computing (HPC) on supercomputers, computer grids or computer clusters helps solve complex problems involving millions of variables or calculations. Examples include earthquake and protein folding simulations, climate and weather predictions, financial modeling and evaluating product designs • Big data analysis. Big data is a popular term for massive data sets that contain potentially valuable patterns, trends and associations. Mining data sets to locate or tease out these hidden patterns requires a huge amount of processing power, which IaaS economically provides.
- 15. Advantages of IaaS • Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost. IaaS sidesteps the upfront expense of setting up and managing an onsite datacentre, making it an economical option for start-ups and businesses testing new ideas. • Improves business continuity and disaster recovery. Achieving high availability, business continuity and disaster recovery is expensive, since it requires a significant amount of technology and staff. But with the right service level agreement (SLA) in place, IaaS can reduce this cost and access applications and data as usual during a disaster or outage. • Innovate rapidly. As soon as you have decided to launch a new product or initiative, the necessary computing infrastructure can be ready in minutes or hours, rather than the days or weeks—and sometimes months—it could take to set up internally. • Respond quicker to shifting business conditions. IaaS enables you to quickly scale up resources to accommodate spikes in demand for your application— during the holidays, for example—then scale resources back down again when activity decreases to save money. • Focus on your core business. IaaS frees up your team to focus on your organisation’s core business rather than on IT infrastructure. • Increase stability, reliability and supportability. With IaaS there is no need to maintain and upgrade software and hardware or troubleshoot equipment problems. With the appropriate agreement in place, the service provider assures that your infrastructure is reliable and meets SLAs. • Better security. With the appropriate service agreement, a cloud service provider can provide security for your applications and data that may be better than what you can attain in-house. • Gets new apps to users faster. Because you don’t need to first set up the infrastructure before you can develop and deliver apps, you can get them to users faster with IaaS.
- 16. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING •Cost Efficiency: Pay-as-you-go pricing model. •Scalability: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand. •Reliability: Cloud providers offer high availability with multiple data centers and redundancy. •Global Reach: Access cloud services from anywhere, with global infrastructure support. •Automatic Updates: Cloud providers manage software updates, ensuring up-to-date systems.
- 17. SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING •Data Protection: Use of encryption and secure protocols to protect data in transit and at rest. •Access Control: Identity and Access Management (IAM) to control user permissions. •Compliance: Cloud providers adhere to various industry standards and regulations like GDPR, HIPAA. •Shared Responsibility Model: Responsibility for security is shared between the cloud provider and the customer.
- 18. CHALLENGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING •Data Privacy: Concerns over data being stored outside the organization’s control. •Downtime: Cloud outages can impact business continuity. •Compliance & Legal Issues: Adhering to local regulations when storing data in various regions. •Vendor Lock-in: Difficulty moving from one cloud provider to another due to proprietary services and technologies.
- 19. CLOUD COMPUTING USE CASES •Web and Mobile Applications: Hosting and scaling websites or apps. •Big Data Analytics: Storing and processing large datasets. •Disaster Recovery: Using cloud to back up data and quickly recover from disasters. •Collaboration and Productivity Tools: SaaS applications for email, file sharing, and team communication (e.g., Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365). •Internet of Things (IoT): Managing devices and sensor data through the cloud.
- 20. FUTURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING •AI and Machine Learning Integration: Using cloud to power AI-driven applications. •Edge Computing: Processing data closer to the source (edge devices) rather than relying on centralized cloud data centers. •Serverless Computing: Running code in response to events without managing servers. •Multi-cloud Strategies: Using multiple cloud providers to reduce risk and increase flexibility.
- 21. CLOUD ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW •Definition: Cloud architecture is the structure of cloud computing environments, consisting of both • hardware and software components. •Front-End: Client-side interface (e.g., web browsers, mobile apps). •Back-End: Servers, storage systems, and databases that process and store data. •Middleware: Software that connects front-end and back-end components, enabling smooth communication. •Cloud Provider’s Role: Cloud service providers manage and maintain the backend infrastructure
- 22. VIRTUALIZATION IN CLOUD COMPUTING •Definition: Virtualization allows multiple virtual instances to run on a single physical machine. •How It Works: •A hypervisor manages virtual machines (VMs) on a host server. •Each VM behaves like a separate physical machine with its own operating system. •Benefits of Virtualization: •Resource Utilization: Better use of physical hardware resources. •Isolation: VMs are isolated, providing security and fault tolerance. •Scalability: Quickly spin up or down VMs based on demand.
- 23. CLOUD NETWORKING CONCEPTS •Virtual Private Cloud (VPC): A private network within the cloud, allowing users to define and control •their own network settings (IP address ranges, subnets, route tables). •Cloud Load Balancing: Distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure high availability and reliability. •Content Delivery Networks (CDN): A system of distributed servers that deliver web content (e.g., images, videos) to users based on their geographic location. •Direct Connect: A private, dedicated connection between your on-premise data center and the cloud, •offering improved speed and security.