Cloud Computing Fundamental

Cloud Computing
Dony Riyanto
Indosat Oredoo Training
August 2016

Agenda
• Introduction to cloud computing
• Cloud vs what?
• Cloud services model
• P/S/IaaS & everything as a services
• Key drivers of cloud computing
• Cloud platform technology stack
• Virtualization
• How to deploy public and private cloud
• Cloud computing information security matrix
• Capacity planning and Business Continuity
• Cloud business analysis
• Cloud computing readiness best practices

Pre-Course Quiz
• What is Cloud Computing?
• What is the difference of Cloud, web
hosting and VPS?
• What is virtualization?
• Is Cloud Computing secure?
• What is Business Continuity (BC)?

Objectives of the class
• Introducing Cloud Computing basics
• Have the knowledge of the profit/benefit of cloud
computing
• Improve the skill to evaluate and analyze the
cloud computing usage for the organization
• Preparation to a proper Cloud Computing
certification process

Introducing to Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is a computing paradigm, where a
large pool of systems are connected in private or public
networks,to provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for
application, data and file storage. With the advent of this
technology, the cost of computation, application hosting,
content storage and delivery is reduced significantly.
• Forrester defines cloud computing as: “A pool of abstracted,
highly scalable, and managed compute infrastructure
capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by
consumption.”

66
According to NIST Cloud computing is
a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal
management effort or service
provider interaction. (Special
Publication 800-145)

“The simplest way to define
cloud computing,” says
Devadas, “is that it involves
using a computer that is not
on your desk.” Instead, you’re
using a computing service
powered by a cluster of
hardware somewhere in the
world and delivered to your
terminal over the Internet.
~ Srini Devadas (
http://www.csail.mit.edu/user/792 )

88
What It Provides
• Cloud computing provides shared
services as opposed to local servers or
storage resources
• Enables access to information from
most web-enabled hardware
• Allows for cost savings – reduced
facility, hardware/software investments,
support

99
Essential Characteristics
• On-demand self-service
A consumer can unilaterally provision computing
capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as
needed automatically without requiring human interaction
with each service provider.
• Broad network access
Capabilities are available over the network and accessed
through standard mechanisms that promote use by
heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile
phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
Source: NIST Special Publication 800-145

1010
Characteristics
• Resource pooling
The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve
multiple consumers
Resources can be dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to customer demand
Customer generally may not care where the resources are
physically located but should be aware of risks if they are
located offshore

1111
Characteristics
• Rapid elasticity
Capabilities can be expanded or released automatically
(i.e., more cpu power, or ability to handle additional users)
To the customer this appears seamless, limitless, and
responsive to their changing requirements
• Measured service
Customers are charged for the services they use and the
amounts
There is a metering concept where customer resource usage can
be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing
transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized
service

Cloud Computing vs what?
• Cloud Computing vs Bare Metal
• Cloud Computing vs VPS
• Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing
• Cloud Computing vs Fog Computing?

1414
Service Models
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
(IaaS)
• A service model that involves
outsourcing the basic infrastructure
used to support operations--including
storage, hardware, servers, and
networking components.
• The service provider owns the
infrastructure equipment and is
responsible for housing, running, and
maintaining it. The customer typically
pays on a per-use basis.

1515
Service Models
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• A service model that involves
outsourcing the basic infrastructure and
platform (Windows, Unix)
• PaaS facilitates deploying applications
without the cost and complexity of buying
and managing the underlying hardware
and software where the applications are
hosted.
• The customer uses their own
applications

1616
Service Models
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• Also referred to as “software on
demand,” this service model
involves outsourcing the
infrastructure, platform, and
software/applications.
• Typically, these services are
available to the customer for a fee,
pay-as-you-go, or a no charge
model.
• The customer accesses the
applications over the internet.

Everything as a services
• Today, everything is as a services

Some Commercial Cloud Offerings
19

Some Provider/Technology based of services
20
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Google App
Engine
SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance

Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Unlimited Storage.
• Pay for what you use:
– $0.20 per GByte of data transferred,
– $0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used,
– Second Life Update:
• 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours - $200,
21

Utility Computing – EC2
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2):
– Elastic, marshal 1 to 100+ PCs via WS,
– Machine Specs…,
– Fairly cheap!
• Powered by Xen – a Virtual Machine:
– Different from Vmware and VPC as uses “para-virtualization”
where the guest OS is modified to use special hyper-calls:
– Hardware contributions by Intel (VT-x/Vanderpool) and AMD
(AMD-V).
– Supports “Live Migration” of a virtual machine between hosts.
• Linux, Windows, OpenSolaris
• Management Console/AP
22

EC2 – The Basics
• Load your image onto S3 and register it.
• Boot your image from the Web Service.
• Open up required ports for your image.
• Connect to your image through SSH.
• Execute you application…
23

Lab: Using online cloud services
• Objectives: Know the 'look and feel' of
Cloud Computing
• Task:
– Register to AWS
– Register to Jelastic

• Cloud computing enables companies and
applications, which are system infrastructure
dependent, to be infrastructure-less.
• By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as
used and on demand”, all of us can save in
capital and operational investment!
• Clients can:
– Put their data on the platform instead of on their own
desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
– They can put their applications on the cloud and use
the servers within the cloud to do processing and data
manipulations etc.
25
Key drivers of cloud computing

Opportunities and Challenges
• The use of the cloud provides a number of
opportunities:
– It enables services to be used without any
understanding of their infrastructure.
– Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
• It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up
companies, as they would no longer need to buy their own
software or servers.
• Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
• Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing
an ongoing revenue stream.
– Data and services are stored remotely but accessible
from “anywhere”.
26

• In parallel there has been backlash against cloud
computing:
– Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that
could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:
• The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like
Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market.
• Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time
of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.
– Security could prove to be a big issue:
• It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these
services ownership of data is not always clear.
– There are also issues relating to policy and access:
• If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to?
• What happens if the remote server goes down?
• How will you then access files?
• There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and
losing access to data. 27
Opportunities and Challenges

Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Lower computer costs:
– You do not need a high-powered and high-priced
computer to run cloud computing's web-based
applications.
– Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop
PC, your desktop PC does not need the processing
power or hard disk space demanded by traditional
desktop software.
– When you are using web-based applications, your PC
can be less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less
memory, more efficient processor...
– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a
CD or DVD drive, as no software programs have to be
loaded and no document files need to be saved.
28

• Improved performance:
– With few large programs hogging your computer's
memory, you will see better performance from your
PC.
– Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run
faster because they have fewer programs and
processes loaded into memory…
• Reduced software costs:
– Instead of purchasing expensive software
applications, you can get most of what you need for
free-ish!
• most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs
suite.
– better than paying for similar commercial software
29

• Instant software updates:
– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer
faced with choosing between obsolete software and high
upgrade costs.
– When the application is web-based, updates happen
automatically
• available the next time you log into the cloud.
– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest
version
• without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.
• Improved document format compatibility.
– You do not have to worry about the documents you create on
your machine being compatible with other users' applications or
OSes
– There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone30

• Unlimited storage capacity:
– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
– Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small
compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the
cloud.
• Increased data reliability:
– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk
crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a
computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the
storage of your data.
• if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out
there in the cloud, still accessible
– In a world where few individual desktop PC users
back up their data on a regular basis, cloud
31

• Universal document access:
– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because
you do not take your documents with you.
– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access
them whenever you have a computer and an Internet
connection
– Documents are instantly available from wherever you
are
• Latest version availability:
– When you edit a document at home, that edited
version is what you see when you access the
document at work.
– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your 32

• Easier group collaboration:
– Sharing documents leads directly to better
collaboration.
– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of
cloud computing
• multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and
projects
• Device independence.
– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or
network.
– Changes to computers, applications and documents
follow you through the cloud.
– Move to a portable device, and your applications and33

• Requires a constant Internet connection:
– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect
to the Internet.
– Since you use the Internet to connect to both your
applications and documents, if you do not have an
Internet connection you cannot access anything, even
your own documents.
– A dead Internet connection means no work and in
areas where Internet connections are few or
inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.
34
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

• Does not work well with low-speed connections:
– Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as
that found with dial-up services, makes cloud
computing painful at best and often impossible.
– Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to
download, as do large documents.
• Features might be limited:
– This situation is bound to change, but today many
web-based applications simply are not as full-featured
as their desktop-based applications.
• For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft
PowerPoint than with Google Presentation's web-based
offering
35

• Can be slow:
– Even with a fast connection, web-based applications
can sometimes be slower than accessing a similar
software program on your desktop PC.
– Everything about the program, from the interface to
the current document, has to be sent back and forth
from your computer to the computers in the cloud.
– If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that
moment, or if the Internet is having a slow day, you
would not get the instantaneous access you might
expect from desktop applications.
36

• Stored data might not be secure:
– With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the
cloud.
• The questions is How secure is the cloud?
– Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential
data?
• Stored data can be lost:
– Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated
across multiple machines.
– But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you
have no physical or local backup.
• Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets
you down. 37

• HPC Systems:
– Not clear that you can run compute-intensive HPC
applications that use MPI/OpenMP!
– Scheduling is important with this type of application
• as you want all the VM to be co-located to minimize
communication latency!
• General Concerns:
– Each cloud systems uses different protocols and
different APIs
• may not be possible to run applications between cloud based
systems
– Amazon has created its own DB system (not SQL 92),
and workflow system (many popular workflow systems
out there) 38

The Future
• Many of the activities loosely grouped together under
cloud computing have already been happening and
centralised computing activity is not a new phenomena
• Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised
approach
• However there are concerns that the mainstream
adoption of cloud computing could cause many problems
for users
• Many new open source systems appearing that you can
install and run on your local cluster
– should be able to run a variety of applications on these systems
39

Cloud Platform Technology Stack
• Cloud is not a commodity. And no matter what you call it,
computing doesn’t come out of the sky. It comes from
physical hardware inside brick and mortar facilities
connected by hundreds of miles of networking cable. And
no two clouds are built the same way. ~ from the web
page of SoftLayer, an IBM cloud company

Cloud Platform Technology Stack

Lab: Know the platform technology stack
of Cloud Computing
• Go to openstack.org
• Learn about openstack's stack
• Try to run DevStack

Virtualization
• Virtual workspaces:
– An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made
dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined
protocols,
– Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
– Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).
• Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):
– Abstraction of a physical host machine,
– Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and
allows management of VMs,
– VMWare, Xen, etc.
• Provide infrastructure API:
– Plug-ins to hardware/support structures Hardware
OS
App App App
Hypervisor
OS OS
Virtualized Stack

Virtual Machines
• VM technology allows multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical
machine.
Hardware
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor
Guest OS
(Linux)
Guest OS
(NetBSD)
Guest OS
(Windows)
VM VM VM
AppApp AppAppApp
Xen
VMWare
UML
Denali
etc.
Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical performance!
49

Virtualization in General
• Advantages of virtual machines:
– Run operating systems where the physical hardware is
unavailable,
– Easier to create new machines, backup machines, etc.,
– Software testing using “clean” installs of operating
systems and software,
– Emulate more machines than are physically available,
– Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one host,
– Debug problems (suspend and resume the problem
machine),
– Easy migration of virtual machines (shutdown needed or
not).
– Run legacy systems! 50

Virtualization
• Cloud Computing is Virtualization
• But Cloud Computing is not virtual
• Not every virtualization is cloud computing

Lab: Up and run with VMs
• Learn about Proxmox
• Try to run/feel the proxmox environment
• Do some settings
• Try to run Vmware's VM

Public Cloud vs. Private CloudPublic Cloud vs. Private Cloud
Rationale for Private Cloud:
• Security and privacy of business data was
a big concern
• Potential for vendor lock-in
• SLA’s required for real-time performance
and reliability
• Cost savings of the shared model
achieved because of the multiple projects
involving semantic technologies that the
company is actively developing 6/23/2010Wipro Chennai 2011 53

Deploy Public and Pirvate Cloud

Cloud Computing for the EnterpriseCloud Computing for the Enterprise
What should IT DoWhat should IT Do
• Revise cost model to utility-based
computing: CPU/hour, GB/day etc.
• Include hidden costs for management,
training
• Different cloud models for different
applications - evaluate
• Use for prototyping applications and learn
• Link it to current strategic plans for
Services-Oriented Architecture, Disaster
Recovery, etc. 6/23/2010Wipro Chennai 2011 55

Lab: Try to deploy simple
private cloud
• Learn and download owncloud
• Try to deploy owncloud on VM slot
provided

Cloud Computing Security Concerns

Cloud Computing Challanges Trend

Cloud Security Issue Alliance
• https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/group/cloud-controls-matrix/

Lab: Learn to address Cloud Computing Risk
• Download the latest version cloud control
matrix
• Learn how to assess
• Compare to traditional IT infrastructure
assessment

Capacity Planning
• Calculate the CPU, memory, network, disk
resources
• How it will impact application response
time
• Know how much each resources we are
using now, and will

Capacity Planning
• Planning is hard, capacity planning is
harder
• Capacity is expensive
• Capacity increases but hard to be shrunk
• Planning errors can cause big problems
• But less in cloud

Capacity Planning
Some key concerns:
• Service Level Agreement
• Utilization patterns
• Wordload analytics
• Exceptions process
• Data Management
• Configuration
• Disaster Recovery
• Business requirement and compliances

Business Continuity
• Business Continuity (BC) is defined as the
capability of the organization to continue
delivery of products or services at
acceptable predefined levels following a
disruptive incident. (Source: ISO
22301:2012)
• Business Continuity is often described as
‘just common sense’. It is about taking
responsibility for your business and
enabling it to stay on course whatever
storms it is forced to weather. It is about
“keeping calm and carrying on”!
• http://www.thebci.org

Is Cloud is Business Continuity Answer?
Disaster Recovery with Cloud (example)

Lab: Cloud Simulator
• Download and run latest CloudSim
• Explore many example of CloudSim
• Learn about how different configuration
impact some concerns
• Read some real case planning

Cloud Business Analysis
Client's Perspective

Telco's perspective

Business Models:
• Cloud computing basic service models =
business models
• PaaS, IaaS, SaaS
• But many other things could be 'as a
services'
• Too many services can be delivered, and
driving business models to the edge

Example: AWS Business Model Canvas

Lab: Create Your Business Model Canvas
• Download the latest Business Model
Canvas sheet
http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/downloads/business_model_
canvas_poster.pdf
http://gsl.mit.edu/media/programs/colombia-summer-2012/materials/cs172_l2_e_busine
ss_model_canvas.xls
• Try to make a simple Business Model
Canvas of your Cloud Computing

Cloud computing readiness
best practices
• To make sure we are well prepared of Cloud
Computing adoption/business, there are
several course, exam/certification of Cloud
Computing related
• A general (non specific technical)
course/awareness training is a good start
• Prepared some Cloud Computing
certified/skilled is a great move. There are
some popular certifications

http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/cloud-it-certifications,2-537.html
best practices

best practices
• There are no best way to start Cloud Computing
adoptions/businesses
• You have to tailored it your own
• When it come to choose the best tech stack, try to start
learning from some open initiatives like OpenStack.
They offering market place also (including some
consulting and integrator firm)
• It is also a good way to make partnership with some
technology owner/providers
• Keep aware that, cloud computing business is rapidly
change, move and disrupted.

Extra Lab: ComTIA Cloud+ Syllabus Review
https://certification.comptia.org/certifications/cloud
• Download ComTIA Cloud+
Syllabus
• Take some minutes to review the
syllabus and map those to our
course

Cloud Computing Fundamental

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