Cloud Computing in Education : Potentials and Challenges for Bangladesh

International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2017
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsea.2017.7502 11
CLOUD COMPUTING IN EDUCATION: POTENTIALS AND
CHALLENGES FOR BANGLADESH
Md Aminur Islam1
, Faisal Bin Abul Kasem1
, Shakib-Uz-Zaman Khan1
, Md. Tarek
Habib1
, Farruk Ahmed2
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Independent University, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Cloud Computing is an emerging technology. It is a growing technology which can change traditional IT
systems. It plays a major role in today’s technology sector. People are using it every day through one way
or another. Education sector is not out of this phenomenon. At the present time the teaching method is
changing and students are becoming much technology based and therefore it is necessary that we think
about the most recent technologies to incorporate in the teaching and learning methods. By sharing
Information technology related services in the cloud, educational institutions can better concentrate on
offering students, teachers, faculty and staff the essential instruments. Bangladesh is a developing country.
So applying this technology on education sector is a huge challenge for Bangladesh. In this paper it is
discussed that how Bangladesh can be benefited by applying cloud in education and its challenges followed
by some case studies and success stories.
KEYWORDS
Cloud in Education, Cloud Computing, Bangladesh, Cloud Computing in Bangladesh, Cloud in
Bangladeshi Education.
1. INTRODUCTION
The world is changing rapidly. Day by day people are engaging more and more in ICT. Education
is not out of this phenomenon. Most of the educational institutes’ students now rely on web based
educational system. From lectures to assignment submission, everything is now online based.
There comes the necessity of cloud.
The idea of computing in a “cloud” finds back to the origins of leverage computing, a concept
that computer scientist John McCarthy publicly proposed in 1961: If computers of the kind I have
suggested become the computers of the future , then computing may someday be formulated as a
public leverage just as the telephone system is a public leverage. The computer leverage could
become the basis of a new and important industry [1].
Cloud computing is a buzzing word now-a-days in ICT industry. It means delivery of computing
resources over the internet. In one word, cloud computing is nothing but a bunch of highly
scalable computers working together somewhere and giving service to an end user over the
internet. It can also be visualized as doing one’s computing work using hardware resources from
another place. The word “Cloud computing” was first used by Compaq in 1996 and
popularization was done by Amazon.com when they had introduced Elastic Compute Cloud [2].
Cloud users can benefit from other organizations delivering services associated with their
software, data and other computing needs on the behalf, without need to run the usual software of
their computer.

12
Cloud computing is the next stage in the slope of the internet, it assists the means through which
everything – from computing power to computing infrastructure, applications and business
operations – can be delivered to you as a service wherever and whenever you demand them [3].
A service provider is necessary in cloud computing. The providers serve in different ways.
SaaS: Software as a Service is a software certification and delivery model where a fully
operational and complete software product is delivered to users over the web on a subscription
base. SaaS is used for Email, CRM, Communication, Virtual Desktop, games etc.
PaaS: In Platform as a Service model, cloud providers provide computing platform, usually
programming language running environment (IDE), operating system, database and web servers.
User can easily develop and run their desired software from the cloud platform without the cost
and complexity of purchasing. PaaS is used for web server, database, development tools etc.
IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service model provides core IT services such as Virtual machines,
Servers, storage, load balancers, network, security, compute, middleware devices, block and file
or object storage etc [4]. These service models display on the Figure-2.
Figure 2: Cloud computing service models arranged as layers in a stack
The NIST [5] defines Cloud computing Deployment models are of four types.
Private Cloud: The Private cloud infrastructure is prepared for individual use by a single
organization consisting of multiple clients.
Public Cloud: The Public cloud infrastructure is prepared for open use by the general people. It
may be managed, owned, and operated by an academic, business, or government organization, or
some union of them.
Community Cloud: Community cloud infrastructure is prepared for exclusive use by an
earmarked community of clients from organizations that have shared concernments.
Hybrid Cloud: The formation of multiple discrete cloud infrastructures stand outstanding natures
is the infrastructures of Hybrid cloud, but are tied together by patterned technology that enables
data and application transportability. Development model is shown in figure-3 based on the
information provided on Wikipedia.

13
Figure 3: Cloud Computing Types
Some characteristics of cloud computing according to NIST [6],
On-demand Self-service: A client can unilaterally dispense computing capabilities.
Broad network access: Abilities are obtainable over the network and perceived through standard
systems that raise use by different sleazy consumer platforms.
Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to distribute many customers
using a multiple-tenant pattern, with various virtual and physical resources dynamically assigned
and reassigned following to client need.
Rapid elasticity: Abilities can be opened and made elastically.
Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging
a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service.
This paper focuses on application of cloud in education so technical sides are not discussed here.
Many companies such as “Microsoft”, “Google”, “Amazon.com”, “Wolframalpha.com” and
“Tutorialspoint Codingground” are now serving cloud technology to educational institutions and
students.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Lots of research has been done about advantages, challenges and applications of cloud
computing. Banerjee provided overview of researches performed at HP Labs in the article “An
Intelligent IT Infrastructure for the Future” [7]. Delic and Riley assess the current state of
enterprise knowledge management, describe architectural views of cloud and discuss briefly the
underlying technologies [8]. Current world is running towards Internet of Things (IoT). Piyare
and Lee discussed about integrating wireless sensor network to the cloud services for data
collection and sharing [9]. Cloud computing consumes a significant amount of power.
Kuribayashi proposed some policies to reduce power consumption [10]. The most concerned area
of cloud was its security. Ragib Hasan has done a research on it and won the NSF CAREER
Award [11]. Hussein and Khalid also made a survey on cloud computing security challenges and
solutions and proposed a model for cloud computing security [12]. Others are also working on
this. At present time it’s not a big concern anymore. Users can set their privacy demands with
service providers. Recent researches prove that educational institutes and students can be
benefited a lot from cloud computing. Tuncay Ercan reviewed what the cloud infrastructure will
provide to education sector and how the teachers and students can be benefited more [13]. While
Anjali Jain and U.S Pandey discussed about the role of cloud computing in higher education [14].
Microsoft provided an overview about the cloud services that can be used in education, pointed
out the benefits, briefly described security issues, tips about planning and the services they are
providing under Microsoft Live@edu [15]. UNESCO IITE discussed in their policy paper about
cloud. How cloud is being applied in education, benefits, risks, guidelines and future scenario
were described [16]. Google first deployed App for Education in October 2006 to Arizona State
University [17].

14
2. APPLICATION IN EDUCATION
The cloud industry is emerging day by day. People are leaning to it for its on demand policy. A
user can have storage or computational power as much as he need at instant without worrying
about hardware.
Public Information Technology cloud service revenue in 2018 is forecasted to be $127 Billion
worldwide. By 2018 Managed services is projected to touch $256 Billion. Flourishing markets are
forecasted to be 21% of the worldwide public Information Technology cloud services market by
2018.[18] Figure 5 shows worldwide public IT cloud service based on the info provided in
Microsoft Cloud Landscape Update, 2015, (RHP).
Figure 5: Regional share in Cloud Computing
According to Eurostat survey [19] use of the cloud computing services in enterprises in different
countries in 2016 shown in Table 1.
In table 2 a usage survey of cloud (2012) in different sectors of USA shows that 43% of cloud
usage in higher education sector [20]. Needless to say that the percentage in 2017 is definitely
more due to technological and security advancement. Table 2 represents the usage survey of
cloud (2012) in different sectors of USA.
Table 1: Use of cloud computing services, 2016

15
Table 2: Usage survey of cloud (2012) in different sectors of the USA
Future success of a country relies on the education given to the students of that country. There is a
large scope in Bangladesh to apply the cloud in education sector. 131.956 million[21]
Bangladeshi people use mobile phones. Needless to say that a significant percent of students also
have mobile phones by which they can access cloud services.
Cloud computing provide solutions for the above mentioned problems in education system. It
enables users to control and access data via the Internet. The users of an education cloud system
include students, Faculty, administrative staff, Examination Branch and Admission Branch as
shown in Figure 7. All the main users of the institution are connected to the cloud. Separate login
is provided for all the users for their respective work. Teachers can upload their class materials
and assignments on the cloud server which students will be able to access. The education system
will make it possible for teachers to identify problem areas in which students do make mistakes
by analyzing students’ submitted copy. It will also allow teachers to improve teaching materials
and methods [22].
Figure 7: Education system cloud
Cloud in education has many advantages. Most educational institutes are not financially strong.
Cloud is a helpful choice for them for reducing IT infrastructure cost. A great advantage of cloud
is that the end user doesn’t need any specific knowledge about app installation in the cloud or the
hardware. All these things are maintained by the service provider so the institute doesn’t need any
IT person to teach the stuffs about using apps. The future world will be a technology based world
so applying the technology in the learning session will help a student to be fully ready for the
future world. Thomas J. Bittman of Gartner Research pointed out three advantages of cloud [23].
a) Inexpensive and Free Technology: There has been a enormous growth in inexpensive and
free technology for social interaction, publishing, collaborating, editing, content creation,
computing, etc.
b) Content Growth: The amount of content is growing at an exponential rate, available to a
broad audience, and anyone can contribute.

16
c) Collaboration: Technology is fast improving the ability to communicate and collaborate
with others.
d)
Diane Weaver mentions six advantages of cloud in education in pearsonschoolsystems.com
(used here with few alterations) [24].
a) Back Up: An essential function of the Cloud is that it automatically stores content,
making it impossible to vanquish or drop any valuable material. This means that even if a
user’s computer crashes, all content and documents will remain saved, safe and accessible
in the cloud.
b) Storage: The Cloud system grants its users to save any kind of content and data including
applications, music, eBooks, documents, photos, and much more.
c) Accessibility: Any data can be accessed easily from any device such as mobile,
smartphone, computer that is stored in the Cloud.
d) Collaboration: At the same time the Cloud permits multiple users to edit and work on a
document, it enables easy sharing and transmission of ideas. With this feature, group
projects and or collaborative lesson schemes can be optimized for both students and
teachers.
e) Resource and Time Conscious: It is no longer essential for teachers to spend time for
resource copying or printing lengthy documents or lesson schemes, with the availability of
content online. Now, students are also capable to access assignments, homework, notes, and
other components online.
f) Assignments: I love that the Cloud allows teachers to post assignments online. Students
are able to access these assignments, complete them, and save them in a folder to be
reviewed later. This means no wasting time turning in papers at the beginning of class.
Sameer Bhatia pointed out five advantages of cloud in education in cloudtweaks.com [25].
a) No more expensive textbooks: Everyone know that the university level textbooks are
costly. Including university tuition fees, the price of books has exceeded the price of
virtually all else in education. As a result, a large number of students are simply unwilling to
buy textbook. This problem can be solved by cloud based book and it is also cheaper than
printed book.
b) No more outdated learning materials: The materials of textbooks are outdated that is the
main problem for students. On the other hand, cloud based materials are up-to-date and also
easy to upgrade so that students always have access updated learning materials.
c) No expensive hardware required: Cloud based softwares can be run easily on Internet
browsers and most of them are compatible with tablet or mobile devices as well. This means
that students and schools are able to use cloud based facilities by using mobile device so
that no need to buy expensive laptop.
d) No expensive software required: Cloud based computing has the software as a service
model that is the biggest advantage. Most of the softwares are now available free or on a
low cost subscription base, so that students can easily use that applications at low cost.
e) Reaching more, and more diverse students: A world of modern probabilities are
uncovering by cloud computing for students, particularly those who are not served well by
traditional education methods.
These advantages also apply in Bangladesh perspective.
Education rate in Bangladesh is increasing rapidly. Classrooms are being crowded day by day.
Teachers cannot take care of the students individually. If cloud system is used in Universities and
Schools then students can be benefited a lot and the teachers can give attention to the content
quality they are uploading to cloud. The quality contents will help students to learn.

17
Consider another scenario, most of the higher education students are financially weak. If an
Engineering student or a chemistry student wants to do computing works related to his subject he
will need a computer capable of large scale computing which is very costly. But if there is a cloud
server which facilitates engineering apps or chemistry apps then the student can do his work with
his cheap computer because the computation is done on the cloud server not on his computer. A
good example is wolframalpha.com. It’s a large computational engine. Building a computational
engine like that is not possible for a student but only a normal computer with internet connection
is helpful for him to solve his problems using wolfram. This is a huge convenience of cloud
computing. Now a days higher educational institutes need to handle a big amount of data, give
service to various kinds of devices like tablets-laptops and desktops, deal with scientific data and
research. All of these can be easily managed with lower cost using cloud.
3. OPPORTUNITIES IN BANGLADESH
Cloud computing has many opportunities for Bangladeshi organizations and industries. Some of
them are:
E-learning and e-education is developing by Cloud service: By using cloud computing
technology, Bangladeshi organizations and industries can access the educational services
participially and beyond the geographic boundaries. This type of access enhance staffs'
educational quality.
Recognize e-government and e-voting by using cloud computing service: Cloud computing roles
in provision of this type of services is highlighted every day. Bangladeshi government can use
these opportunity to enhance its e-government and e-voting.
Service scalability: Aligned with unexpected service demands, cloud computing represents its
superior functionality. Cloud computing can answer best to demand changes. In Bangladesh,
scalability acts as very influential fact against IT demand changes. This requirements leads to
improve IT service provision. In some applications in which this unexpected demand is
associated with a period of time, this specification shows most of its functionalities.
Financial efficiency: In Cloud computing structure, customers will pay depending on their service
usage. According to cloud service scalability, by using cloud computing, IT infrastructure needs
to respond to unpredicted demand will be decreased. In addition, a dramatic decrease in IT costs
will occur due to service transition to cloud computing. IT costs such as maintenance,
infrastructure and operational costs will be decreased by using cloud computing.
Efficiency in the use of IT: Bangladeshi organizations and IT industries can be more powerful
with some features such as the enhancement of IT infrastructure usage, the formation of new
economic and technical solution which is impossible without cloud computing, prototyping and
acceptance investigate for new paths. In addition, IT services will be more resistant against
implantation impendence.
Availability: Cloud computing services are designed to be compatible with network needs. In
addition, service availability from anywhere and at any time can increase availability level of
Bangladeshi organizations and industries [26].
4. CASE STUDY AND SUCCESS STORY
Some case studies are shown below where the cloud system can be used.
Case study: Result day reduce server overload

18
Every year when JSC, SSC, HSC or equivalent result is published in Bangladesh, education board
server is overloaded with hundreds of thousand requests from all over the country. Every student
and their parents have to suffer for this server problem. Thus many students get their results late.
If the traditional server which is using for result publication can be updated with cloud server then
there will be no delay in result publication as the cloud servers are capable of smart load
balancing. Mr. Tamim Shahriar Subeen and Md. Ruhul Amin (Shajib) and their team showed in
2011 that cloud technology is applicable in result publication. They successfully applied the cloud
infrastructure to host National University Bangladesh admission test result (2011-12) for more
than 400,000 students [27].
Case study: Computers for every school
Recently Bangladesh government has taken initiative plan for distributing computers to schools.
Recently computer education is made compulsory for every students. If the primary schools are
counted then there are 104017 Primary schools according to 2012 survey of BANBIES and a total
student of 19003210[26]. Distributing high power computers to all these schools is a long term
process and also expensive but if there is a cloud based system then a $100 laptop and internet is
sufficient for the students. They can learn and do a lot of things using that laptop because all the
computing and data storage are done in the cloud server [28].
Case study: Schools for hill-district
Students of Bandarban, Khagrachari and Rangamati are mostly underprivileged in education
sector. They don’t have good schools, good teachers or good technology. Teachers from town
areas are not acquainted with hill district areas like this so they don’t want to go there. If a cloud
based education system is made for the students of those areas then they will be advanced more in
education, modern technology and obviously Bangladesh will be benefited. Grameenphone and
Jaago foundation jointly established an online school in Bandarban on March, 2014 [29].
Case study: Google service for education
Google have various cloud apps such as Google drive, slides, docs, sheets etc. On Google drive
user can easily store any kind of important data. Google Documents is an online collaborative
tools and Google docs is very helpful for students. Google slide is very important for digital
classroom. By using Google slides teachers can run presentation file for giving lecture.
Case study: Microsoft Office for education
Microsoft also provide all of their MS Office service on cloud. So students can easily use
Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint without install.
Success story: Google classroom and DIU
Google introduced various cloud apps for institutions. Daffodil International University (DIU),
Dhaka uses different Google apps for education purpose. One of the apps is Google Classroom. It
is very beneficial for students. Recently DIU introduced Google classroom to its students. A
survey has been done by the authors of this paper among the teachers and students of DIU and it
indicates that all of them are happy with Google Classroom. Teacher and student can have live
interactions, assignment submission is easier than ever before. Also teachers are capable to
conduct online classes using Google classroom and Google hangout. Learning continues after the
class also. Students collaborate with each other, share their knowledge in Google classroom
environment. It has also reduced the licensing cost of DIU. The university used another licensed
web app for students before using Google classroom.
In Bangladesh there are more than 35 public and 92 private universities which facilitate thousands
of students. A big number of these students have internet connection and modern devices and

19
with the help of these they can access to Massive Open Online Courses (MOOP) conducted by
Yale, MIT, Harvard and other prestigious institutions.
5. RISKS AND CHALLENGES
Increased security vulnerabilities: The transmitting of business data to the cloud means that the
responsibility over data security becomes shared with the cloud provider. The remote usage of
Information Technology resources needs an expansion of trust boundaries by the cloud consumer
to include the external cloud. It can be very hard to set up a security architecture that measure
such a trust boundary without introducing vulnerabilities [30].
Reduced operational governance control: Cloud customers are usually allotted a level of
governance control that is lower than that over on-premise Information Technology resources.
This can introduce risks associated with how the cloud provider manages its cloud, as well as the
external connections that are required for communication between the cloud customer and the
cloud [31].
Limited portability between cloud providers: Due to a deficiency of established industry
standards within the cloud computing industry, public clouds are commonly ownership to various
extents. For cloud customers that have custom-built solutions with dependencies on these
ownership environments, it can be challenging to move from one cloud provider to another [32].
“Barriers to Adoption” for cloud pointed out by Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie
Mellon University. If these challenges can be resolved with the service provider then using the
cloud service will be helpful and beneficial [33].
Table 3: Challenges of Cloud Computing
6. CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is a revolutionary technology in modern era. Currently it is an emerging
discipline that helps the IT industries to get efficient use of their Hardware and Software
resources and enabling service-oriented, on-demand network access to rapidly scalable resources
with promises to cut operational and capital cost. It has opened a wider aspect of computing
application and provides a global platform for people. It is helpful for every sector from
enterprise usage to educational purpose. Traditional classroom (Four walled) seems to be less
used in the future. Students will be much benefited. Institutes of weak financial state can have
high computing facilities within low cost. After above mentioned discussion, it is clear that
Bangladeshi education sector will bloom if the cloud is applied successfully.

20
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