Cloud-Computing virtualization and basics conceptspptx

CONTENTS
+Motivation for cloud computing
+The need for cloud computing
+Defining cloud computing
+Definition of cloud computing
+Cloud computing is a service
+Cloud computing is a platform
+Principles of cloud computing
+Five essential characteristics
+Four cloud deployment models

Motivation for cloud computing
The scenario of computing before availability of cloud computing:
The users who are in need of computing are expected to invest money on
computing resources such as hardware, software, networking, and storage.
This investment naturally costs a bulk currency to the users as they have to
buy these computing resources, keep these in their premises, and maintain
and make it operational.
This is a particularly true and huge expenditure to the enterprises that
require enormous computing power and resources, compared with classical
academics and individuals.

The scenario of computing after the announcement and availability of cloud
computing:
+ It is easy and handy to get the required computing power and resources from some
provider (AWS) as when it is needed and pay only for that usage.
+ This would cost only a reasonable investment or spending, compared to the huge
investment when buying the entire computing infrastructure.
+ Therefore, cloud computing is a mechanism of bringing–hiring or getting the
services of the computing power or infrastructure to an organizational or individual
level to the extent required and paying only for the consumed services.
+ Thus, one can say as a one-line answer to the need for cloud computing that it
eliminates a large computing investment without compromising the use of
computing at the user level at an operational cost. Cloud computing is very
economical and saves a lot of money.

+A blind benefit of this computing is that even if we lose our laptop or due to
some crisis our personal computer—and the desktop system—gets
damaged, still our data and files will stay safe and secured as these are not
in our local machine (but remotely located at the provider’s place—machine).
+Thus, cloud computing comes into focus and much needed only when we
think about what computing resources and information technology (IT)
solutions are required. This need caters to a way to increase capacity or add
capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new
personnel, or licensing new software.
+Cloud computing encompasses the subscription based or pay-per-use
service model of offering computing to end users or customers over the
Internet and thereby extending the IT’s existing capabilities.

+One can think to add security while
accessing these remote computing
resources as depicted in Figure .
+ Figure shows several cloud
computing applications. The cloud
represents the Internet-based
computing resources, and the
accessibility is through some secure
support of connectivity. It is a
computing solution growing in
popularity, especially among
individuals and small- and medium-
sized companies (SMEs).

The Need for Cloud Computing
+The main reasons for the need and use of cloud computing are convenience and
reliability. In the past, if we wanted to bring a file, we would have to save it to a
Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive, external hard drive, or compact disc (CD)
and bring that device to a different place.
+ Instead, saving a file to the cloud ensures that we will be able to access it with
any computer that has an Internet connection.
+ The cloud also makes it much easier to share a file with friends, making it
possible to collaborate over the web. While using the cloud, losing our data/file is
much less likely.
+ However, just like anything online, there is always a risk that someone may try to
gain access to our personal data, and therefore, it is important to choose an
access control with a strong password and pay attention to any privacy settings
for the cloud service that we are using.

Defining Cloud Computing
+In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and accessing data
and programs over the Internet from a remote location or computer instead
of our computer’s hard drive.
+This so called remote location has several properties such as scalability,
elasticity etc., which is significantly different from a simple remote machine.
+ The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. When we store data on or run
a program from the local computer’s hard drive, that is called local storage
and computing. For it to be considered cloud computing, we need to access
our data or programs over the Internet.
+ The end result is the same; however, with an online connection, cloud
computing can be done anywhere, anytime, and by any device.

Definition of Cloud Computing
+The formal definition of cloud computing comes from the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST): “Cloud computing is a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
+This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service
models, and four deployment models.
+ It means that the computing resource or infrastructure—be it server
hardware, storage, network, or application software—all available from the
cloud vendor or provider’s site/premises, can be accessible over the Internet
from any remote location and by any local computing device.

Definition of Cloud Computing
+In addition, the usage or accessibility is to cost only to the level of usage to
the customers based on their needs and demands, also known as the pay-
as-you-go or pay-as-per-use model.
+If the need is more, more quantum computing resources are made available
(provisioning with elasticity) by the provider. Minimal management effort
implies that at the customer’s side, the maintenance of computing systems
is very minimal as they will have to look at these tasks only for their local
computing devices used for accessing cloud-based resources, not for those
computing resources managed at the provider’s side.
+Many vendors, pundits, and experts refer to NIST, and both the
International Standards Organization (ISO) and the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) back the NIST definition.

Cloud Computing Is a Service
+The simplest thing that any computer does is allow us to store and
retrieve information. We can store our family photographs, our
favourite songs, or even save movies on it, which is also the most
basic service offered by cloud computing.
+ Let us look at the example of a popular application called Flickr to
illustrate the meaning of this section.
While Flickr started with an emphasis on sharing photos and im
ag-es, it has emerged as a great place to store those images. In many
ways, it is superior to storing the images on your computer:

Cloud Computing Is a Service
1. First, Flickr allows us to easily access our images no matter where we are
or what type of device we are using. While we might upload the photos of
our vacation from our home computer, later, we can easily access them from
our laptop at the office.
2. Second, Flickr lets us share the images. There is no need to burn them to
a CD or save them on a flash drive. We can just send someone our Flickr
address to share these photos or images.
3. Third, Flickr provides data security. By uploading the images to Flickr, we
are providing ourselves with data security by creating a backup on the web.
And, while it is always best to keep a local copy— either on a computer, a
CD, or a flash drive—the truth is that we are far more likely to lose the
images that we store locally than Flickr is of losing our images.

Cloud Computing Is a Platform
+The World Wide Web (WWW) can be considered as the operating system for
all our Internet-based applications. However, one has to understand that
we will always need a local operating system in our computer to access
web based applications.
+ The basic meaning of the term platform is that it is the support on which
applications run or give results to the users. For example, Microsoft
Windows is a platform. But, a platform does not have to be an operating
system. Java is a platform even though it is not an operating system.
Through cloud computing, the web is becoming a platform.
+With trends (applications) such as Office 2.0, more and more applications
that were originally available on desktop computers are now being
converted into web–cloud applications.

Cloud Computing Is a Platform
+ Word processors like Buzzword and office suites like Google Docs
are now available in the cloud as their desktop counterparts.
+ All these kinds of trends in providing applications via the cloud are
turning cloud computing into a platform or to act as a platform.

Principles of Cloud computing
The principles put forth by NIST describe :
(a) The five essential characteristic features that promote
cloud computing.
(b) The four deployment models that are used to narrate the
cloud computing opportunities for customers while looking at
architectural models.
(c) The three important and basic service offering models of
cloud computing.

Five Essential Characteristics
+On-demand self-services
+Broad network access
+Elastic Resource pooling
+Rapid Elasticity
+Measured service

1. On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision
computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as
needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each
service’s provider.
2. Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and
accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by
heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops,
and personal digital assistants [PDAs]).
3. Elastic resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled
to serve multiple consumers using a multitenant model, with different
physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location

-independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the
exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify the location at a
higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data centre). Examples of
resources include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
4. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some
cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To
the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited
and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
5. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use
by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the
type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).
Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency
for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.

Four Cloud Deployment Models
Deployment models describe the ways with which the cloud services can be
deployed or made available to its customers, depending on the organizational
structure and the provisioning location. One can understand it in this manner
too: cloud (Internet)-based computing resources—that is, the locations where
data and services are acquired and provisioned to its customers— can take
various forms.
Four deployment models are usually distinguished, namely, public, private,
community, and hybrid cloud service usage:
1. Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a
single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It
may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or
some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises

Four Cloud Deployment Models
2. Public cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general
public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or
government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of
the cloud provider.
3. Community cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations
and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the
organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
4. Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct
cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but
are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data
and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds)

Cloud-Computing virtualization and basics conceptspptx

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