Code Switching, Types and Reasons
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This document discusses code switching, which is when multilingual speakers alternate between two languages or varieties of the same language in a single conversation. It defines code switching as the process of keeping the linguistic features of each language while switching between them to facilitate conversation. There are three main types of code switching: inter-sentential, which occurs at sentence boundaries; intra-sentential, which occurs within sentences; and tag switching, where a word or phrase from another language is inserted into the conversation. Examples of each type are provided.
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Code Switching, Types and Reasons
- 1. Sohail Khan Roll NO. 14 M.Phil Linguistics (2nd Semester)
- 2. Human Beings use CODE for communication between them. Concept of CODE has already been defined, so without digging deep, it can be said that CODE is a system that is used for communication purpose in human beings. This system can be a language, a dialect, a register or a style. So there exist thousands of CODES on this planet of Earth, used by different factions of human beings.
- 3. So it is very unlikely for a speaker to have command of or use, only one of such codes or systems. Command of only one language , whether it be a dialect , style or register would appear to be an extremely rare phenomenon. Generally people all over the globe keep a command of more than one verities of language and they switch between these verities to facilitate the conversation. That is what we call “Code Switching “.
- 4. Code Switching is the process of alternating between two languages or language verities, in a single conversation, while keeping up the linguistic features of that language or variety of language. Multilingual speakers often move back and forth between two languages or verities of languages while conversing with each other to facilitate their conversation. This practice is Code Switching, also known as Code Mixing.
- 5. Code Switching can be of three major types Inter-sentential Switching Intra-sentential Switching Tag Switching
- 6. Code Switching that occurs outside the sentence or clause level, at the boundaries of sentences or clauses. Sometimes it is also known as “Extra-sentential Switching”. For example : “Main to Yahan Hun. What happened ? “
- 7. This is the type of code switching that occurs within the sentence or a clause. This code switching is very common in the languages that share common family i.e. Spanish- English, or Urdu-Arabic For Example : “Hum Kya Keh Rahy Hain, He never bothered about it” What was sworn upon yesterday as guiding principle will be chucked at the altar of expediency tomorrow as mere siyasi bayan.
- 8. As it is self explanatory , in this type of code switching, a word or phrase from an other language is TAGGED in the conversation. This is very much similar to intra-sentential code switching. For Example : No one at the office was willing to say anything except that is ka order ooper se aya hai.