CODING-DAY-2-INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING.ppt

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The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, outlining objectives such as understanding program structure, writing a first C program, and utilizing basic data types and concepts. It discusses identifiers, variables, and constants while emphasizing the significance of proper naming and type definitions. Additionally, examples and rules for coding in C are included to facilitate learning through practical exercises.

Education

Learn by Doing 1
Objectives
❏ To understand the structure of a C-language program.
❏ To write your first C program.
❏ To introduce the include preprocessor command.
❏ To be able to create good identifiers for objects in a program.
❏ To be able to list, describe, and use the C basic data types.
❏ To be able to create and use variables and constants.
❏ To understand input and output concepts.
❏ To be able to use simple input and output statements.
Day 2
Introduction to the C Language

Learn by Doing 2
2-1 Background
C is a structured programming language. It is
considered a high-level language because it allows the
programmer to concentrate on the problem at hand
and not worry about the machine that the program
will be using. That is another reason why it is used by
software developers whose applications have to run on
many different hardware platforms.

Learn by Doing 3
2-2 C Programs
It's time to write your first C program.
Structure of a C Program
Your First C Program
Comments
The Greeting Program
Topics discussed in this section:

Learn by Doing 4
FIGURE 2-2 Structure of a C Program

Learn by Doing 5
FIGURE 2-3 The Greeting Program

Learn by Doing 6
PROGRAM 2-1 The Greeting Program

Learn by Doing 7
FIGURE 2-4 Examples of Block Comments

Learn by Doing 8
FIGURE 2-5 Examples of Line Comments

9
FIGURE 2-6 Nested Block Comments Are Invalid

10
2-3 Identifiers
One feature present in all computer languages is the
identifier. Identifiers allow us to name data and other
objects in the program. Each identified object in the
computer is stored at a unique address.

Learn by doing 12
An identifier must start with a letter or underscore:
it may not have a space or a hyphen.
Note

14
Table 2-2 Examples of Valid and Invalid Names

Learn by doing 15
2-4 Types
A type defines a set of values and a set of operations
that can be applied on those values.
Void Type
Integral Type
Floating-Point Types
Topics discussed in this section:

19
sizeof (short) ≤ sizeof (int) ≤ sizeof (long) ≤ sizeof (long long)
Note

20
Table 2-3 Typical Integer Sizes and Values for Signed Integers

Learn by doing 22
sizeof (float) ≤ sizeof (double) ≤ sizeof (long double)
Note

24
2-5 Variables
Variables are named memory locations that have a type,
such as integer or character, which is inherited from
their type. The type determines the values that a variable
may contain and the operations that may be used with
its values.
Variable Declaration
Variable Initialization
Topics discussed in this section:

26
Table 2-5 Examples of Variable Declarations and Definitions

27
FIGURE 2-12 Variable Initialization
‘B’

28
When a variable is defined, it is not initialized.
We must initialize any variable requiring
prescribed data when the function starts.
Note

Learn by doing 29
PROGRAM 2-2 Print Sum of Three Numbers

30
PROGRAM 2-2 Print Sum of Three Numbers (continued)

31
PROGRAM 2-2 Print Sum of Three Numbers (continued)

32
2-6 Constants
Constants are data values that cannot be changed
during the execution of a program. Like variables,
constants have a type. In this section, we discuss
Boolean, character, integer, real, complex, and string
constants.
Constant Representation
Coding Constants
Topics discussed in this section:

33
A character constant is enclosed in single quotes.
Note

Learn by doing 34
Table 2-6 Symbolic Names for Control Characters

35
Table 2-7 Examples of Integer Constants

Learn by doing 38
FIGURE 2-14 Null Characters and Null Strings

39
Use single quotes for character constants.
Use double quotes for string constants.
Note

Learn by doing 41
PROGRAM 2-3 Memory Constants (continued)

CODING-DAY-2-INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING.ppt

1. Learn by Doing 1 Objectives ❏ To understand the structure of a C-language program. ❏ To write your first C program. ❏ To introduce the include preprocessor command. ❏ To be able to create good identifiers for objects in a program. ❏ To be able to list, describe, and use the C basic data types. ❏ To be able to create and use variables and constants. ❏ To understand input and output concepts. ❏ To be able to use simple input and output statements. Day 2 Introduction to the C Language

2. Learn by Doing 2 2-1 Background C is a structured programming language. It is considered a high-level language because it allows the programmer to concentrate on the problem at hand and not worry about the machine that the program will be using. That is another reason why it is used by software developers whose applications have to run on many different hardware platforms.

3. Learn by Doing 3 2-2 C Programs It's time to write your first C program. Structure of a C Program Your First C Program Comments The Greeting Program Topics discussed in this section:

4. Learn by Doing 4 FIGURE 2-2 Structure of a C Program

5. Learn by Doing 5 FIGURE 2-3 The Greeting Program

6. Learn by Doing 6 PROGRAM 2-1 The Greeting Program

7. Learn by Doing 7 FIGURE 2-4 Examples of Block Comments

8. Learn by Doing 8 FIGURE 2-5 Examples of Line Comments

9. 9 FIGURE 2-6 Nested Block Comments Are Invalid

10. 10 2-3 Identifiers One feature present in all computer languages is the identifier. Identifiers allow us to name data and other objects in the program. Each identified object in the computer is stored at a unique address.

11. 11 Table 2-1 Rules for Identifiers

12. Learn by doing 12 An identifier must start with a letter or underscore: it may not have a space or a hyphen. Note

13. 13 C is a case-sensitive language. Note

14. 14 Table 2-2 Examples of Valid and Invalid Names

15. Learn by doing 15 2-4 Types A type defines a set of values and a set of operations that can be applied on those values. Void Type Integral Type Floating-Point Types Topics discussed in this section:

16. 16 FIGURE 2-7 Data Types

17. 17 FIGURE 2-8 Character Types

18. 18 FIGURE 2-9 Integer Types

19. 19 sizeof (short) ≤ sizeof (int) ≤ sizeof (long) ≤ sizeof (long long) Note

20. 20 Table 2-3 Typical Integer Sizes and Values for Signed Integers

21. 21 FIGURE 2-10 Floating-point Types

22. Learn by doing 22 sizeof (float) ≤ sizeof (double) ≤ sizeof (long double) Note

23. 23 Table 2-4 Type Summary

24. 24 2-5 Variables Variables are named memory locations that have a type, such as integer or character, which is inherited from their type. The type determines the values that a variable may contain and the operations that may be used with its values. Variable Declaration Variable Initialization Topics discussed in this section:

25. 25 FIGURE 2-11 Variables

26. 26 Table 2-5 Examples of Variable Declarations and Definitions

27. 27 FIGURE 2-12 Variable Initialization ‘B’

28. 28 When a variable is defined, it is not initialized. We must initialize any variable requiring prescribed data when the function starts. Note

29. Learn by doing 29 PROGRAM 2-2 Print Sum of Three Numbers

30. 30 PROGRAM 2-2 Print Sum of Three Numbers (continued)

31. 31 PROGRAM 2-2 Print Sum of Three Numbers (continued)

32. 32 2-6 Constants Constants are data values that cannot be changed during the execution of a program. Like variables, constants have a type. In this section, we discuss Boolean, character, integer, real, complex, and string constants. Constant Representation Coding Constants Topics discussed in this section:

33. 33 A character constant is enclosed in single quotes. Note

34. Learn by doing 34 Table 2-6 Symbolic Names for Control Characters

35. 35 Table 2-7 Examples of Integer Constants

36. 36 Table 2-8 Examples of Real Constants

37. 37 FIGURE 2-13 Some Strings

38. Learn by doing 38 FIGURE 2-14 Null Characters and Null Strings

39. 39 Use single quotes for character constants. Use double quotes for string constants. Note

40. 40 PROGRAM 2-3 Memory Constants

41. Learn by doing 41 PROGRAM 2-3 Memory Constants (continued)

Editor's Notes

#3: Developed early 1970’s
#18: wchar_t is a wide character: The increased datatype size allows for the use of larger coded character sets. Width is compiler specific (not portable).

CODING-DAY-2-INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING.ppt

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