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Collapse & consolidation made simple - chest X-rayz
This document discusses lung collapse and consolidation. It defines lung collapse as a reduction in air volume within the lung associated with decreased lung volume, known as atelectasis. There are four mechanisms of collapse: passive, cicatrisation, adhesive, and resorption. Consolidation is a decrease in air volume within the lung associated with normal lung volume, where air in the acini is replaced by fluid or solid material. The document outlines signs, causes, and patterns of collapse and consolidation seen on imaging for different lung lobes.
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Collapse & consolidation made simple - chest X-rayz
- 1. LUNG COLLAPSE & CONSOLIDATION. Dr.Nikrish S Hegde
- 2. What is collapse? Reduction in volume of air within the lung Asssociated with reduction in lung volume. Atelectasis.
- 3. Mechanisms. Passive Collapse Cicatrisation Collapse Adhesive Collapse Resorption Collapse
- 4. Passive Collapse Lungretracts towards the hilum. Air or increased fluid in the pleural cavity Pleural effusion / pneumothrax
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- 6. Cicatrisation Collapse Lungis abnormally stiff Reduction in lung compliance Resulting in collapse Pulmonary Fibrosis.
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- 9. Adhesive Collapse Surfactantreduces the surface tension Disturbance of this mechanism Collapse of the alveoli Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
- 10. Resorption Collapse Acutebronchial obstruction . Gases in the alveoli are taken up by the blood. Modified by collateral air drift and infection. Chronic Collapse
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- 15. Crowding of vesselsand bronchi.
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- 19. Compensatory Hyperinflation 1)ANTERIOR TO ASCENDING AORTA 2)POSTERIORTO HEART 3)UNDER THE ARCH
- 20. Air Bronchogram Almostnot seen in resorption collapse Seen in adhesive and passive collapse. And in cicatrisation collapse with extensive fibrosis.
- 21. Pre existing Lung Diseases. Fibrosis Plueral Adhesions May alter the expected anatomical displacements in collapse
- 22. Reciprocal Relationship Thereexists a relationship between the compensatory signs. Degree of diaphragmatic elevation is directly related to amount of collapse and inversely to the hilar displacement and compensatory hyperinflation. Eg: Lower lobe collapse, if diaphragmatic elevation is marked, hilar depression is diminished.
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- 46. Double Lesion Sign If collapse of multiple segments occurs in certain combination , the likelyhood of bronchogenic carcinoma is small. Eg: RUL and RML is rarely seen in bronchogenic ca but RML and RLL is frequently seen.
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- 50. CONSOLIDATION Decrease involume of air within the Lung. Associated with normal lung volume. Pulmonary airways 1) Conducting network 2) Acini Replacement of air in the acini with fluid or solid material.
- 51. Causes: Pneumonia Cardiogenic/ non cardiogenic pulmonary edema Aspiration Haemorrhage Neoplasms
- 52. Air Bronchogram Producedby the radiographic contrast between the column of air in the airway and the surrounding opaque acini.
- 53. Lobar Consolidation Homogenousopacity Air bronchogram Well defined borders.
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- 61. Points to Remember Volume of lung is not reduced. Collapse and consolidation are often associated with one another. When consolidation is due to fluid , its distribution is dependent on gravity.