COLREGS 1972
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The collision occurred in heavy fog in the Taiwan Strait between the container ships Lykes Voyager and Washington Senator. Visibility was less than 200m. Washington Senator had arranged a passing agreement with another ship, Notori Dake, but not with Lykes Voyager. When both ships took avoiding action and turned towards each other, it was too late to avoid collision due to the short distance. The investigation found failures to follow proper identification procedures on radio, apply COLREGS in reduced visibility, maintain a proper lookout using AIS, and ensure a safe speed. Fatigue and distractions also contributed to the accident. Both ships sustained damage but there were no injuries or pollution.
COLREGS 1972
- 1. Rules of the Road Case study of the collision between MS Lykes Voyager and MS Washington Senator Rishi Varman Kuma Dns 01330
- 2. Time and date : 0938 (UTC+8) on 8 April 2005 Location of incident : 23º 37'9N, 117º 56'9E, 069º The Brothers Light 15.4nm Visibility: Foggy, less than 200m Accident Details
- 3. Vessel details : Lykes Voyager Manager : Anglo-Eastern Ship Management Port of registry : London Flag : United Kingdom Type : Container Built : 1995, Stocznia Gdynia S.A. Poland Classification society : American Bureau of Shipping Length overall : 187.16m Gross tonnage : 23540 Engine power and/or type : 17940kW Sulzer oil engine, direct drive Service speed : 19.5 knots Persons on board : 24 Injuries : None Damage : Extensive damage to shell plating, decks, internal frames, and container stowages in way of the port quarter. Vessel Details
- 5. Vessel details: Washington Senator Manager : Niederelbe Schiffahrts-Gesellschaft (NSB) Port of registry : Hamburg Flag : Germany Type : Container Built : 1994, MTW Schiffswerft GmbH - Wismar, Germany Classification society : Germanischer Lloyd Length overall : 215.653m Gross tonnage : 34617 Engine power and/or type : 20 510kW BV Sulzer Service speed : 21.3 knots Persons on board : 21 Injuries : 2 (minor) Damage : Extensive damage to shell plating and internal decks and bulkheads in way of the port quarter.
- 7. At 0938 (UTC+8) on 8 April 2005, the German registered container ship Washington Senator, which was on passage from Shanghai to Hong Kong at a speed of 17 knots, and the UK registered container ship Lykes Voyager, which was on passage from Yantian to Vancouver at a speed of 19.5 knots, collided in the Taiwan Strait. No one was hurt but both ships were damaged and, although there was no pollution, a number of containers were lost overboard. After the collision, both ships sailed to Hong Kong for repairs. Summary
- 8. The collision occurred about 4 minutes after Lykes Voyager altered course to starboard from 022º to 070º to avoid Washington Senator, and Washington Senator had altered course to port from about 242º to 190º in accordance with a passing arrangement her master assumed had been made with Lykes Voyager but instead with another vessel called Notori Dake. The distance between the ships at the time of the alterations was about 2.5 miles, and visibility was less than 200m in fog. Shortly after each vessel had steadied on their respective headings, both masters realized that the ships had turned towards each other, and were on a collision course. Unfortunately, by that time, the distance had further reduced to the extent that the last- minute avoiding action taken by both ships was unable to prevent a collision. Narrative of the Accident
- 10. The passing arrangement agreed by the master of Washington Senator was made with an unidentified ship (Notori Dake), not Lykes Voyager. The developing close-quarters situation between Washington Senator and Lykes Voyager could have been resolved solely by the early application of the COLREGS. However, the master of Washington Senator opted to contact Lykes Voyager on VHF radio. By the time Washington Senator established VHF communications with Lykes Voyager, the distance between the ships was less than 5 miles. Factors contributing to the collision
- 11. Identification procedures were not followed during each VHF radio transmission, and the identity of the ship with which the passing agreement was made, which was probably one of many within VHF radio range, was not established. The avoiding action taken by Lykes Voyager was not taken until the ships had closed to about 2.5 miles. This was due to the inexperience of the third officer, who was focused by the threat posed by a nearby ship being overtaken, and because the master had been distracted. The performance of the master of Lykes Voyager was possibly affected by fatigue.
- 12. When restricted visibility and large concentrations of fishing vessels were encountered, neither the master of Washington Senator nor Lykes Voyager considered it necessary to reduce speed below their required passage speeds. There is no guidance available to masters of ships which are unable to proceed at a speed which allows them to be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing state of visibility as required by Rule 6 of the COLREGS. Neither of the bridge teams made use of the available AIS information to monitor the actions of the other vessel when manoeuvring at close-quarters. This was probably due to several factors, including the absence of specific guidance or instruction from the ship managers, and the method in which AIS information was displayed.
- 13. Rule 2: Responsibility The third officer assumed that the master took the con from him at about 0910, when he was told to alter course to starboard to avoid the fishing vessel, whereas the master considered that he took the con at about 0935 when altering course to 200°. Therefore, the master and the third officer were under the impression that the other had the con for a period of 25 minutes. Although visibility had reduced to 1 mile for much of the night, none of the watch officers had informed the master. The third officer did not consider he had the master’s authority to reduce speed if he felt it necessary to do so. International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972
- 14. Rule 5: Look out maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means… Washington Senator and Lykes Voyager were fitted with AIS but, other than the association of the AIS information for Lykes Voyager with her radar target, AIS information was not utilised further. Had the initial predicted close-quarters situation between Lykes Voyager and Washington Senator been resolved, by the early application of the COLREGS, such additional information from AIS would have been of little requirement. However, as this was not the case, the use of the AIS information was potentially beneficial.
- 15. Rule 6: Safe Speed At the time of the collision, the visibility was less than 200m; Lykes Voyager was proceeding at 19.5 knots, and Washington Senator at 17 knots. Neither of the vessels could have stopped within 200m, which was approximately the distance from their bridges to their bows. As such, it could be argued that they did not comply with Rule 6 of the COLREGS
- 16. Rule 8: Action to avoid collision Be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship… Lykes Voyager’s third officer detected and acquired Washington Senator at a range of between 8 and 9 miles, but no action was taken to avoid a collision until they had closed to about 2.5 miles.
- 17. Rule 19: Conduct of vessel in restricted visibility The third officer was focusing on Notori Dake, the nearest radar target. An alteration of course was made by the third officer of course to 022° at 0930. The action was successful in increasing the CPA of Notori Dake, but it was taken without consideration of its effect on the CPA of the radar target closing on her starboard bow, or the consequences of altering course to port in restricted visibility.
- 18. Damages upon Lykes Voyager
- 19. Damages upon Washington Senator
- 20. Marine Accident Investigation Branch United Kingdom www.maib.gov.uk Source
- 21. Thank you and have a good day!