COMMUNICATION IN NURSING

COMMUNICATION
Definition:-
-Communication is a process of sharing information using a set
of common rules.
-Communication is a process by which information is
exchanged between individuals through a common system of
symbols, signs or behavior.
PURPOSES:-
To collect assessment data
To initiate intervention
To evaluate outcome of intervention
To initiate change which help in promoting health
To take measures for preventing legal problems associated
with nursing practice
To analyze factors affecting the health team

COMMUNICATION
 Definition:-It is a process by which two or more
persons exchange or share ideas ,facts, feelings
or impressions.
 Purposes:-In community communication is to
educate the public or certain specific groups
towards the development of attitude & behavior
that are likely to promote health & welfare. The
purpose of communication is classified in three
headings-
 Information
 Propaganda(publicity)
 Entertainment

LEVELS
Level 1-Conventional acquaintances a person communicates with strangers
to have casual quaintances in the conventional level.
Ex:-First encounter between the nurse and patient
Level 2 –Exploratory associates
Ex:-Relationship with collegues,neighbours,teaching to public etc
Levels 3-Participate friends
Ex:-Nurse and Doctor
Levels 4-Intimacy (closest friends)
Ex:-Two close friends

ELEMENTS
According to Berlo there are 4 elements they are as followes
o S-Source(sender-encoder):-The person who initiates
conversations or sending message.
o M-Message:-Message consist of verbal or nonverbal
information to the receiver.
o C-Channel:-The medium used to convey the message
o R-Receiver:-Listener, observer who interprets message.
MODES OF COMMUNICATION:-
By which communication occurs
1-Verbal Communication
2-Nonverbal Communication

TYPES
 Formal communication:-conversation between officials on
various positions.ex:nursing superintendent & staff nurse.
 Informal communication:-conversation between peoples
on non official matter. ex:Interaction between two close
friends
 One way communication:-It always flows in one direction
there is no feedback. ex: lecturer delivered by teacher in
class room.
 Two way communication:-In conversation feedback is
present. ex: group discussion
 Visual communication:-Message is conveyed using
symbols. ex: displayed posters or models in the exhibition
 Telecommunication:-Communicating in distant places with
help of electromagnetic appliances. Ex:
Television,radio,internet etc

SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
 Confidence
 Critical thinker
 Analytical
 Openmindness
 Active listener
 Empathetic
 Honest
 Confidentiality
 Knowledgeable
 Systematic
 Tactfulness

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
1- PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIER:
 Difficulty in hearing
 Difficulty in vision
 Difficulty in expression
MESSAG
E
CHANNELS
RECEIVE
R
FEEDBAC
K
SENDE
R

4 – CULTURAL BARRIER:
 Level of knowledge & understanding
 Customs
 Belief
 Religion
 Language
2- PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER:
 Emotional disturbance
 Fear
 Level of intelligent
 Ego
3- ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER:
 Lack of ventilation
 Lack of privacy
 Over crowding

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
 Information
 Education
 Motivation
 Counseling
 Reduce stress
 Health promotion

NURSE PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
 Introduction:-NPR is a basic requirements of nursing
practice. These relationship find encouragement when we
are feeling down & comfort when we are hurting.
 Definition:-It is an interaction between two persons in which
the nurse offers a series of purposeful activities & practice
that are useful to particular patient.
 Types of relationships:-
 Social relationship
 Intimate relationship
 Therapeutic relationship

characteristics
• It is an intellectual and emotional bond between the
nurse and mainly focused on the client.
• It respects the client as an individual.
• Considering family relationship and values.
• Maximizing the clients abilities to participating in
decision making.
• It respects client confidentiality.
• It is based on the mutual trust, respect and
acceptance.

Developing Helping Relationship
The following points are important, to develop a nurse-
client relationship or helping relationship.
• listen actively.
• Be honest.
• Be aware of cultural differences.
• Maintain client confidentiality.
• Know your rolls and your limitations.

Phases of Relationship
Pre-interaction phase
Introductory phase
Working phase
Termination phase

Patient teaching
Teaching is given to enhance specific learning of
patient. Patient teaching is a creative interpersonal
experience, differs from other forms of teaching by
its client oriented relationship.
Definition: Patient teaching is a process involves
teaching the patient about reducing the health risk
factors, increasing clients level of wellness and
taking specific protective health measures.

Role of nurse in patient teaching
 Nurse is to identify clients learning needs.
 Motivate the client.
 Involving client actively.
 Topic of the client teaching should match with
clients need.
 The teaching should be simple to complex.
 She should provide peaceful environment while
teaching.
 She should observe the emotional and
physiological needs.
 The nurse should be knowledgeable and
confidence

Purposes of patient teaching
 To promote health,
 to protect health,
 to maintain health,
 to identify relevant health care needs of the
clients
 to provide psychological support during
teaching learning process,
 to keep nurse knowledgeable,
 to raise self confidence of nurse in teaching.

Importance of patient teaching
 Providing patient teaching is an important
independent function of nurse. As client has
a “right to know”, “right to information”, giving
information regarding clients health status is
mandatory now a days.
 Patient teaching improves nurse client
relationship.
 It helps in patients safe transition from one
level to another
 It helps client to make decision about his
health condition.

Guidelines for effective patient
teaching
 Development and maintenance of rapport between
nurse and client is important.
 Time for delivering teaching should be as clients
convenience.
 Nurse should have all communication skills.
 Local language should be perfectly used.
 Use of A.V.Aids faster learning and grasp the client
attention.
 Teaching with demonstration is effective.
 Repetition is necessary in teaching process.
 Active involvement of nurse and client is important

COMMUNICATION IN NURSING

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