COMMON COLD [Autosaved].pptx for pharmacy students

COMMON COLD [Autosaved].pptx for pharmacy students

• 1.
  COMMO N COLD Presented by:-Sharvendra Nath Maurya 9th Batch B. Pharmacy (4th years)
• 2.
  Definition  The commoncold, otherwise known as a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection, is caused by the rhinovirus, coronavirus or the adenovirus. Other virus types, such as influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses and metapneumoviruses, are also potential causes, particularly in patients who are experiencing reinfection.  The cold affects the nose, throat, sinuses and upper airways.
• 3.
  Sign and Symptoms Sore throat  Runny nose Coughing  Sneezing  Stuffy nose Post-nasal drip Mild headaches and body aches Mild to moderate fever Figure- Sign of Common colds
• 4.
  Flowchart for differentialsymptom assessment for the common cold, flu and sinusitis
• 5.
  Pathogenesis
• 6.
  Causes of CommonCold  The common cold is primarily caused by viral infections, and the most frequent culprits are rhinoviruses. Other viruses that can cause colds include coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses. Transmission The viruses that cause colds are highly contagious and can be easily transmitted from person to person. The common ways in which these viruses are spread include: 1. Direct Contact: The most common mode of transmission is through direct contact with an infected person. This can occur when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing respiratory droplets into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by people in close proximity, leading to infection. 2. Airborne Transmission: Viruses causing the common cold can also be transmitted through the air. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, small particles containing the virus may remain suspended in the air and be inhaled by others nearby. 3. Touching Contaminated Surfaces: The viruses can survive on surfaces for a period, and individuals can become infected by touching a surface or object contaminated with the virus and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. This highlights the importance of good hand hygiene.
• 7.
  4. Close PersonalContact: Being in close contact with an infected person, such as hugging or kissing, can facilitate the spread of the virus. 5. Lack of Immunity: No one is completely immune to the viruses that cause the common cold. Individuals, especially those with weakened immune systems, may be more susceptible to infection. 6. Seasonal Variation: The common cold often exhibits a seasonal pattern, with higher incidences during the fall and winter months. This may be due to factors such as cooler temperatures and lower humidity, which create conditions that favor the survival and transmission of cold viruses
• 8.
  Non –pharmacological management Non-pharmacologicalmanagement of the common cold focuses on relieving symptoms and promoting comfort without the use of medications. Here are several strategies that may help alleviate symptoms:  Rest and Hydration  Humidification  Steam Inhalation  Saline Nasal Irrigation  Warm Saltwater Gargle  Honey and Lemon  Proper Hand Hygiene  Avoiding Irritants  Nasal Strips  Elevate the Head  Warm Compress
• 9.
  Pharmacological Management Pharmacological managementof the common cold primarily involves the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications to relieve specific symptoms. Pain Relievers and Fever Reducers: Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Used to reduce pain and fever associated with the common cold. It is important to follow recommended dosages to avoid liver damage. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin): An anti-inflammatory drug that can help reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. It's important to take with food and avoid in certain populations, such as those with stomach ulcers, kidney problems, or allergies to NSAIDs.
• 10.
  Oral Decongestants: Pseudoephedrine andPhenylephrine: These medications can help relieve nasal congestion by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages. They are available in oral forms. Pseudoephedrine is often kept behind the pharmacy counter and requires a prescription in some locations. Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Loratadine (Claritin), Cetirizine (Zyrtec): Antihistamines can help relieve symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itching. They may cause drowsiness, so it's essential to be cautious, especially if driving or operating machinery. Cough Suppressants: Dextromethorphan: A cough suppressant that can help reduce the urge to cough. It's available in various formulations, including liquid and lozenge forms.
• 11.
  Expectorants: Guaifenesin: This medicationhelps thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. It is often found in cough syrups. Topical Nasal Decongestants: Oxymetazoline (Afrin), Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine): These are nasal sprays that can provide quick relief from nasal congestion. However, they should not be used for more than a few consecutive days to avoid rebound congestion. Antiviral Medications: In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed by a healthcare professional, particularly if the cause of the common cold is identified as influenza (flu). These medications may help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if taken early in the course of the illness.
• 12.
  Differences