This document outlines various complications that can arise from pulmonary tuberculosis, including hemoptysis, pleurisy, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumothorax, aspergilloma, endobronchitis, bronchiectasis, laryngitis, cor pulmonale, carcinoma of the bronchus, tuberculous enteritis, and miliary tuberculosis. It describes the mechanisms, symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment for each complication.
Complications of Pulmonary
Tuberculosis
1. Hemoptysis
2. Pleurisy
3.Pleural effusion
4. Empyema
5. Pneumothorax
6. Aspergilloma
7. Endobronchitis
8. Brochiectasis
9. Laryngitis
10. Cor pulmonale
11. Ca bronchus
12. Enteritus
13. Miliary Tuberculosis
14. HIV related opportunistic infections
2.
Hemoptysis
• Usual in advanced disease
• May be first symptom
•Min, moderate or massive
• Massive → flooding of T.B. tree →death
• Min: inflammation → capillary break down –
diapedisis
• Massive – erosion of arteries in necrotic areas /
wall of cavity
• Post TB bronchiectasis
Tuberculosis Laryngitis
• Advanced P.T.
• Direct implantation of Larynx (+veAFB)
• S/S
– Soreness of throat
– Dry hacking cough
– Hoarseness of voice
– Changed voice → whispering
– Painful phonation
– Epiglottic → painful swallowing
• Diagnosis
– Laryngoscopy: ulcer, granuloma, paresis of Vocal cords
– Sputum: +AFB
• Treatment
– ATT & Corticosteroids
12.
Corpulmoale
• Mechanism:
– Extensive lung destruction→ scarring
–5‐7% cases of cor pulmonale in India due to P.T.
– Destruction of Pul. Vasculatare, tuberculous end arteritis & vaso
construction
– Hypoxia → Pulmonary HT
• S/S
– Dyspnoea, Cyanosis, RHF
– P2 loud & split
– CXR
• Prominent Pulmonary conus
• Increased transverse dia of heart
• Prominent pul arteries
– ECG
• P Pulmonale
• RVH & strain
• RBBB
• Treatment
• Early diagnosis of active TB