Comprehensive survey on routing protocols for IoT
- 1. Comprehensive survey on routing protocols for IoT Presented by Sulaiman Musaria KARIM Wireless Computer Network E-mail:- [email protected]
- 2. Outlines IoT: Definition . What is a Routing Protocol? IoT and Routing The seven layers model Routing Algorithm Dynamic Routing Algorithms :- Distance Vector Distance Vector Algorithm Link State Routing Algorithm Traditional Link State Routing Algorithm Some of Routing protocols WSN clustering LEACH protocol
- 3. IoT: Definition The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects — devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity — that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
- 4. IoT Is to enable things to be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone. Data are available to be used as part of the İoT technology collecting, transmitting, storing, managing, and using data are the layers of a İoT system. The data transmission operations are performed by different protocols located in various reference layers.
- 5. A routing protocol determines the optimal path (best route) to transmit data from a source node to a destination node through many intermediary nodes. Routing is one of the critical task in Network , because it is related to data transmission which is the principal task of networking (information Exchange). What is a Routing Protocol?
- 6. The existing routing algorithms in IoT are compared on the basis of different parameters like power consumption, security . Every routing protocol has its own advantage depending upon the application where it is used. IoT and Routing
- 7. The seven layers model Physical link Data link layer Network layer Transport layer Session layer Presentation layer Application layer Physical link Data link layer Network layer Transport layer Session layer Presentation layer Application layer Physical link Data link layer Network layer Network A Network B Routing - path finding from one end to the other Routing occurs at layer 3- Network layer
- 8. Routing Algorithm Design goals • Optimality - compute the best route. • Simplicity/low overhead - efficient with a minimum software and utilization overhead • Robustness/stability- perform correctly in the face of unusual circumstances • Rapid convergence- responds quickly when the network changes • Flexibility- accurately adapt to a variety of network
- 9. Dynamic Routing Algorithms Modern computer networks generally use dynamic routing algorithms rather than the static because static algorithms do not take the current network load into account. Two dynamic routing algorithms in particular are known: 1- Distance vector routing 2- Link state routing.
- 10. Routing Algorithm: Distance Vector : RIP Protocol Distance vector routing algorithms operate by having each router maintain a table (i.e. a vector) giving the best known distance to each destination and which line to use to get there. These tables are updated by exchanging information with other nodes .
- 11. Distance Vector Algorithm Using hop count as a metric Each router periodically sends a copy of routing table to neighbors Distance Vector Routing Update Step by step from router to router Slow convergence
- 12. Link State Routing Algorithm:- OSPF The idea behind link state routing is simple and can be stated as five parts. Each router must do the following: 1. Discover its neighbors and learn their network addresses. 2. Measure the delay or cost to each of its neighbors. 3. Construct a packet telling all it has just learned. 4. Send this packet to all other routers. 5. Compute the shortest path to every other router. The complete topology and all delays are measured and distributed to every router.
- 13. Traditional Link State Routing Algorithm Two components: - Topology map distribution - Local shortest path computation.
- 14. 1-Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is the standardized distance vector protocol and, most commonly used in the IoT. 2-Channel-aware routing protocol (CARP) is another routing protocol that is based on distributed networks and designed for underwater communication. It is a lightweight packet forwarding protocol and, hence, can be applied to IoT systems. Some of Routing protocols - 1
- 15. 3-The Routing Information Protocol ('RIP') is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employ the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination. 4-Open Shortest Path First Protocol (OSPF):- Have the same qualities RPL protocol but it is work OSPF has the least cost of transmission compared to RIP. When OSPF and RIP are implemented together in a network, OSPF is chosen over RIP as it has a lower administrative distance value than RIP. OSPF is the best choice for larger networks and RIP can be limited to simple and small networks. Some of Routing protocols - 2
- 16. WSN Clustering Clustering groups of nodes such that each node communicate information only to cluster heads (CH) and then the CH communicates the aggregated information to the BS A cluster in WSN consists of a set of nodes connected together so that, in many aspects, they can be viewed as a single system. Each node performs its tasks of sensing, data collection, and data transmission Clustering has been shown to improve WSN lifetime which is the most important factor for evaluating the performance of a WSN
- 17. LEACH stands from the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. It is a cluster-based routing algorithm with the capability of auto-adaptation and auto-organization. The major goal of LEACH is to improve WSN lifetime. Cluster heads are chosen in ordered way after separating WSN within many clusters. LEACH is among the utmost leading energy optimization algorithm in WSN routing LEACH protocol
- 18. LEACH protocol based on clustering protocol with randomized rotation of CHs was proposed. The proposed protocol used localized coordination and was able to construct a scalable, robust, and dynamic networks. It contains many advantages like it does not need any control information, it saves energy, it is completely distributed and also have many disadvantages like if cluster head dies then cluster become useless, clusters are divided randomly. various improvements are done on LEACH protocol and so there are various version of LEACH protocol. LEACH protocol