Computer Architecture
- 1. Name: Md. Din Islam ID: 131-15-2243
- 2. INTRODUCTION The first electronic computer was designed and built at the University of Pennsylvania based on Vacuum tube technology. Vacuum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
- 3. ZEROETH GENERATION • Man used his fingers, ropes, bones, pebbles and other objects for counting. •Abacus, Difference & Analytical engines •Electricity was not yet invented
- 4. FIRST GENERATION, 1944 – 1958: The Vacuum Tubes The first generation of computers, characterized by vacuum tubes, started in 1944 with the creation of - UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) – a tabulating machine which won the contest for the fastest machine which could count the US 1890 census. VACUUM TUBES – electronic tubes about the size of light bulbs. ENIAC weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.
- 5. SECOND GENERATION, 1959 – 1963: The Transistor The year 1959 marked the invention of transistors, which characterized the second generation of computers. TRANSISTOR – was a three-legged component which shrunk the size of the first generation computers. Occupied only 1/100th of the space occupied by a vacuum tube. More reliable, had greater computational speed, These machines used assembly language.
- 6. THIRD GENERATION, 1964 – 1970: The Integrated Circuit Third generation computers arose in 1964 with the invention of smaller electronic circuits called Integrated Circuits (IC) INTEGRATED CIRCUITS – are square silicon chips containing circuitry that can perform the functions of hundreds of transistors.
- 7. FOURTH GENERATION, 1971 – Present: LSI or VLSI • Marked by the use of microprocessor • MICROPROCESSOR – is a silicon chip that contains the CPU – part of the computer where all processing takes place. 4004 chip – was the first microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation.
- 8. A Fifth Generation? AI and Natural Languages • AI(Artificial Intelligence)computing devices are still in development which goals to respond natural language input & self- organization.
- 9. CONCLUSION As a result of the various improvements to the development of the computer, we have seen computer being used in all areas of our life. It’s a very useful tool that will continue to experience new development as time passes.
- 10. REFERENCES • http://www.chipsetc.com/uploads/1/2/4/4/1 244189/9386465_orig.jpg?309 • http://www.slideshare.net/sowj8o8/generat ion-of-computers-25845330? next_slideshow=1 • http://c0719792.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecl oud.com/5446_THE%20COMPUTER %20GENERATIONS.ppt • eccdl.dcccd.edu/GEaster/ITSC1401