Computer fundamentals for Multimedia Students
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The document provides an overview of computers, defining them as electronic data processing devices that perform five essential functions: input, storage, processing, output, and control. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computers, their applications in various fields, and outlines the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence. Additionally, it categorizes computers into types based on speed and computing power, and describes key components like the input unit, CPU, and output unit.
Computer fundamentals for Multimedia Students
- 2. What is computer ? https://www.seoskills.in
- 3. What is computer ? C = Commonly O = Operating M = Machine P = Particularly U = Used for T = Technical and E = Educational R = Research. https://www.seoskills.in
- 4. Describe What is computer & Why we need to learn? https://www.seoskills.in
- 5. In Simple a form Today’s world is an information-rich world and it has become a necessity for everyone to know about computers. A computer is an electronic data processing device, which accepts and stores data input, processes the data input, and generates the output in a required format. https://www.seoskills.in
- 6. Functionalities of a Computer If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five functions Step 1 − Takes data as input. Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required. Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information. Step 4 − Generates the output. Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps. https://www.seoskills.in
- 8. Advantages of Computers https://www.seoskills.in
- 9. Advantages of Computers 1. High Speed 2. Accuracy 3. Storage Capability 4. Diligence 5. Versatility 6. Reliability 7. Automation 8. Reduction in Paper Work and Cost https://www.seoskills.in
- 10. Disadvantages of Computers 1. No I.Q. 2. Dependency 3. Environment 4. No Feeling https://www.seoskills.in
- 11. Computer - Applications Application of computers in various fields. • Business • Banking • Insurance • Education • Marketing • Healthcare • Engineering Design • Military • Communication • Government https://www.seoskills.in
- 12. Computer - Generations Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system. There are five computer generations known till date. Each generation has been discussed in detail along with their time period and characteristics. In the following table, approximate dates against each generation has been mentioned, which are normally accepted. Following are the main five generations of computers https://www.seoskills.in
- 13. Computer - Generations Generation Description 1.First generation 1951-1959. Vacuum tube based. 2.Second Generation 1959-1965. Transistor based. 3.Third Generation 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based. 4.Fourth Generation 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based. 5.Fifth Generation 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based. https://www.seoskills.in
- 14. Guess what it is ! https://www.seoskills.in
- 15. First Generation Computer https://www.seoskills.in
- 16. • First fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S. • Created at the university of pennsylvania • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 vacuum tubes • Cost a paltry $487,000 https://www.seoskills.in
- 17. Second Generation Computer https://www.seoskills.in
- 18. • Transistors • smaller • Lower electricity consumption • Core memory • magnetic cores • 32,000 bits • Punch cards • Used high level language • Easier to program https://www.seoskills.in
- 19. Third Generation Computer https://www.seoskills.in
- 20. • Integrated Circuit (Ic) chips, Keyboard, monitor • Operating system, High-Level languages • Computation time in nanoseconds • Quite small compared to second generation computers • produced commercially • Silicon Chips • 128,000 bits • Keyboard Entry • Operating system as user interface to computing https://www.seoskills.in
- 21. Fourth Generation Computer https://www.seoskills.in
- 22. • The period of fourth generation was from 1971-1980. • Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. • VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. https://www.seoskills.in
- 23. Fifth Generation Computer https://www.seoskills.in
- 24. • Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. • The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality https://www.seoskills.in
- 26. Computer - Types Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power. https://www.seoskills.in
- 27. S.No. Type Specifications 1 PC (Personal Computer) It is a single user computer system having moderately powerful microprocessor 2 Workstation It is also a single user computer system, similar to personal computer however has a more powerful microprocessor. 3 Mini Computer It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously. 4 Main Frame It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously. Software technology is different from minicomputer. 5 Supercomputer It is an extremely fast computer, which can execute hundreds of millions of instructions per second. https://www.seoskills.in
- 28. PC (Personal Computer) A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is playing games and surfing the Internet. Although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, these systems are normally linked together to form a network. In terms of power, now-a-days high-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell. https://www.seoskills.in
- 29. Workstation Workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other such types of applications which require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, large amount of RAM, inbuilt network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. Common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. Like PC, workstations are also single-user computers like PC but are typically linked together to form a local-area network, although they can also be used as stand-alone systems.https://www.seoskills.in
- 30. Minicomputer It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of supporting up to 250 users simultaneously. Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently and supports many simultaneous execution of programs. Mainframe https://www.seoskills.in
- 31. Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amount of mathematical calculations (number crunching). or example, weather forecasting, scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Supercomputer https://www.seoskills.in
- 32. Computer - Components All types of computers follow the same basic logical structure and perform the following five basic operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users. https://www.seoskills.in
- 34. This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into the computer. This unit creates a link between the user and the computer. The input devices translate the information into a form understandable by the computer. Input Unit https://www.seoskills.in
- 35. CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). It controls the operation of all parts of the computer. CPU itself has the following three components • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) • Memory Unit • Control Unit CPU (Central Processing Unit) https://www.seoskills.in
- 36. The output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the information from the computer. This unit is a link between the computer and the users. Output devices translate the computer's output into a form understandable by the users. Output Unit https://www.seoskills.in
- 37. Following are some of the important input devices which are used in a computer • Keyboard • Mouse • Joy Stick • Light pen • Track Ball • Scanner • Graphic Tablet • Microphone • Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR) • Optical Character Reader(OCR) • Bar Code Reader • Optical Mark Reader(OMR) Computer - Input Devices https://www.seoskills.in
- 38. Following are some of the important output devices used in a computer • Monitors • Graphic Plotter • Printer Computer - Output Devices https://www.seoskills.in