Computer generation
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This document provides an overview of the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive machines. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, enabling smaller size and higher performance. The fourth generation used VLSI chips and microprocessors, leading to personal computers. The fifth generation uses ULSI technology and focuses on artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
Computer generation
- 1. Computer Generation 1 Update : 09/10/2014 This slides provide an overview of Computer Generation. After completing, you will be able to : Get an overview of Computer Generation. 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu
- 2. Overview First Generation (The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based. ) Second Generation (The period of second generation: 1959-1964. Transistor based. ) Third Generation (The period of third generation: 1964-1971. Integrated Circuit based.) Fourth Generation (The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.) Fifth Generation (The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based.) 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 2
- 3. First Generation (1946-1959) Vacuum tube (electronic tube) This circuit board block is one of hundreds of blocks that held the 4000 vacuum tubes for IBM's Model 701 A part of computer using vacuum tube 3 Vacuum tube for circuitry 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu
- 4. First Generation (1946-1959)… Magnetic drum for data store Magnetic drum 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 4
- 5. First Generation (1946-1959)… The main features : Vacuum tube technology Supported Machine language only Very costly Generate lot of heat Slow Input/Output device Huge size Need of A.C. Consumed lot of electricity 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 5
- 6. First Generation (1946-1959)… Some computers of this generation : ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650 ENIAC 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 6
- 7. Second Generation (1959-1964 ) Using transitor : A replica of the first working transistor. Philco surface-barrier transistor developed and produced in 1953 Assorted discrete transistors 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 7
- 8. Second Generation (1959-1964)… The main features : Use of transistors Support machine and assembly languages Reliable as compared to First generation computers Smaller size as compared to First generation computers Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers Faster than first generation computers Still very costly A.C. needed 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 8
- 9. Second Generation (1959-1964 )… Some computers of this generation were: IBM 1620 IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 9
- 10. Third Generation (1964-1971)… Integrated Circuit based : A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient. íc First IC Hitachi IC R288-SOUNDGIN-IC 09/10/2014 10 Duy Hiếu
- 11. Third Generation (1964-1971)… In this generation, Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming Operating System were used. High-level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68, etc.) were used during this generation. 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 11
- 12. Third Generation (1964-1971)… The main features of Third Generation are: IC used Support high-level language More reliable Smaller size Generate less heat Faster Lesser maintenance Still costly A.C. needed Consumed lesser electricity 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 12
- 13. Third Generation (1964-1971)… Some computers of this generation : IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP(Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316 IBM System/360 Model 30 at the Computer History Museum. 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 13
- 14. Fourth Generation (1971-1980) Is made by the use of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. Fourth Generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to personal computer (PC) revolution. PC 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 14
- 15. Fourth Generation (1971-1980)… The main features of Fourth Generation are: VLSI technology used Pipeline processing Concept of internet was introduced Very cheap Use of PC's No A.C. needed Very small size Portable and reliable Great developments in the fields of networks Computers became easily available 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 15
- 16. Fourth Generation (1971-1980)… Some computers of this generation were: DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1 (Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer) Cray X-MP/4 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 16
- 17. Fifth Generation (1980 – till date ) In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science which interprets means and methods of making computers think like human beings. All the higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net, etc., are used in this generation. 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 17
- 18. Fifth Generation (1980 – till date ) The main features : ULSI technology Development of true Artificial intelligence Development of Natural language processing Advancement in Parallel processing Advancement in Superconductor technology More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 18
- 19. Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )… Some computers types of this generation are: Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook IBM Thinkpad 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 19
- 20. SOURCE http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_generations.htm http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/supercomputers/10/25/23 www.wikipedia.org www.google.com (Cache) 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu 20
- 21. 21 Thanks ! Name : Võ Duy Hiếu Email (Skype) : [email protected] 09/10/2014 Duy Hiếu
Editor's Notes
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- #11: Resistors : điện trở Capacitors : tụ điện