Computer graphics
- 2. COMPUTER GRAPHICS COMPUTER GRAPHICS DEALS WITH ALL ASPECTS OF CREATING IMAGES WITH A COMPUTER -HARDWARE -SOFTWARE -APPLICATIONS
- 3. BASIC GRAPHIC SYSTEM INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICE S IMAGE FORMED IN FRAME
- 4. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 1950-1960 Computer graphics goes back to the earliest days of computing -Strip charts -Pen plotters -Simple displays using A/D converters to go from computer to calligraphic CRT Cost of refresh for CRT too high -Computers slow, expensive, unreliable
- 5. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 1960-1970 WIRE FRAME GRAPHICS -DRAW ONLY LINES SKETCHPAD DISPLAY PROCESSORS STORAGE TUBE wireframe representation of sun object
- 6. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 1970-1980 RASTER GRAPHICS BEGINNING OF GRAPHICS STANDARDS -IFIPS GKS: EUROPEAN EFFORT –BECOMES ISO 2D STANDARD CORE: NORTH AMERICAN EFFORT –3D BUT FAILS TO BECOME ISO STANDARD WORKSTATIONS AND PCS
- 7. RASTER GRAPHICS IMAGE PRODUCED AS AN ARRAY (THE RASTER) OF PICTURE ELEMENTS (PIXELS) IN THE FRAME BUFFER
- 8. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 1980-1990 REALISM COMES TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS smooth shading Environment bump mapping
- 9. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 1990-2000 •COMPLETELY COMPUTER-GENERATED FEATURE-LENGTH MOVIES (TOY STORY) ARE SUCCESSFUL •NEW HARDWARE CAPABILITIES -TEXTURE MAPPING -BLENDING -ACCUMULATION, STENCIL BUFFERS
- 10. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 2000-2010 •PHOTOREALISM •GRAPHICS CARDS FOR PCS DOMINATE MARKET -NVIDIA, ATI •GAME BOXES AND GAME PLAYERS DETERMINE DIRECTION OF MARKET •COMPUTER GRAPHICS ROUTINE IN MOVIE INDUSTRY: MAYA, LIGHTWAVE •PROGRAMMABLE PIPELINES
- 11. COMPUTER GRAPHICS: 2010 - PRESENT •XBOX, PLAYSTATION -REALISTIC RENDERING, ANIMATION •KINECT SENSOR -GESTURE RECOGNITION •TOUCHSCREEN INTERFACES -PHONES, TABLETS, WINDOWS 10 •3D SCANNING AND PRINTING -EDITING TOOLS FOR RAPID PROTOTYPING 3D MODELS
- 12. IMAGE FORMATION •IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS, WE FORM IMAGES WHICH ARE GENERALLY TWO DIMENSIONAL USING A PROCESS ANALOGOUS TO HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY PHYSICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS -CAMERAS -MICROSCOPES -TELESCOPES -HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM
- 13. PIXELS A DISCRETE GRID OF PICTURE ELEMENTS THE NUMBER OF PIXELS DETERMINES THE RESOLUTION OF THE IMAGE TYPICAL RESOLUTIONS RANGE FROM 320*200 TO 2000*1500 FOR A BLACK AND WHITE IMAGE -CAN BE EXPRESSED BETWEEN 0.0 (BLACK) AND 1.0 (WHITE) FOR A COLOR IMAGE -DESCRIBED BY A TRIPLE OF NUMBERS REPRESENTING THE INTENSITY OF RED, GREEN AND BLUE A low-resolution digital image. Left: Black and white. Right: Color.
- 14. GRAPHICS VISUAL PRESENTATIONS ON A SURFACE EXAMPLES ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, DRAWING, GRAPHICS DESIGNS, MAPS,ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, OR OTHER IMAGES. GRAPHICS OFTEN COMBINE TEXT AND ILLUSTRATION OFTEN COMBINE TEXT AND ILLUSTRATION GRAPHIC DESIGN CONSIST OF THE DELIBERATE SELECTION, CREATION, OR ARRANGEMENT OF TYPOGRAPHY ALONE, AS IN A BROCHURE, FLIER, POSTER, WEB SITE, OR BOOK WITHOUT ANY OTHER ELEMENT
- 15. COMPUTER ANIMATION ART OF CREATING MOVING IMAGES VIA THE USE OF COMPUTERS IT IS A SUBFIELD OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND ANIMATION IT IS CREATED BY MEANS OF 3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THOUGH 2D COMPUTER GRAPHICS ARE STILL WIDELY USED FOR STYLISTIC, LOW BANDWIDTH, AND FASTER REAL-TIME RENDERING NEEDS SOMETIMES THE TARGET OF THE ANIMATION IS THE COMPUTER ITSELF, BUT SOMETIMES THE TARGET IS ANOTHERMEDIUM, SUCH AS FILM IT IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS CGI (COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGERY OR COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGING),
- 16. APPLICATIONS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN COMPUTER SIMULATION DIGITAL ART EDUCATION GRAPHIC DESIGN INFOGRAPHICS INFORMATION VISUALIZATION RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION SPECIAL EFFECTS FOR CINEMA VIDEO GAMES VIRTUAL REALITY WEB DESIGN DESIGN