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introduction about computer hardware and software...
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- 2. Defining Information Technology InformationTechnologies are systems of hardware and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store and/or present information using electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic energy.
- 3. IT Example: WirelessInternet
- 4. Computer Organization Hardware • MainHardware • Local Hardware Software • Operating System • Application Program
- 5.
- 6. Overview of ComputerHardware Motherboard CPU RAM Harddisk CD-ROM Floppy Disk Display Card Sound Card LAN Card
- 7. Motherboard It is themain circuit board that links all the hardware components together. There are many chips or IC (Integrated Circuit) on the motherboard which contains millions of transistors.
- 9. Types of Bus SystemBus Data transmission between CPU and the main memory via System Bus. It is also known as the Front Side Bus (FSB). Peripheral Bus Data transmission between main memory and peripherals via Peripheral Bus.
- 10. Main Board orMother Board It is the most important element. The whole PC architecture is build on the main board. • All devices and peripherals are connected to mother board. • If we have a look at its basic structure we can easily identify: 1. Microprocessor Socket 2. BIOS (and Battery) 3. RAM memory slots (DIMM, DDR, ...) 4. Card Slots (PCI, ISA, AGP, ...) 5. Chipset 6. Connectors • PS/2 (Keyboard, Mouse) • USB • IDE Bus • Serial and parallel ports (COM & LPT1) • Power supply (CN1
- 11. Examples of Slote ISABus Old sound card Faded out already PCI Bus For most of the interface card like LAN Card MODEM Sound Card Capture Card
- 12. Examples of Slote AGPBus Designed for Display Card only USB Bus For most of the peripheral MP3 Player, Digital Camera Keyboard, Mouse Printer, Scanner etc
- 13. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) •Itis a memory (ROM) keeping a group of routines needed to control system devices. •It allows booting process. •System configuration is saved in a CMOS memory needing a battery not to loose the information.
- 14. CPU (Central ProcessingUnit) It interprets and performs instructions of a computer program. The most determining factor in how powerful a computer is. A CPU in a common PC system is known as the microprocessor.
- 15. A model ofComputer
- 16. CPU A CPU consistsof two parts, the ALU and the CU. Both the ALU and the CU contains registers, which are high-speed memory temporarily hold data and instructions during processing.
- 17. Different kind ofCPU Intel Celeron Pentium 4 Xeon AMD Duron Athlon XP Sempron Athlon 64 Common features Clock rate > 2GHz Differences Word Size Cache Memory Size Front Side Bus No. of transistors
- 18. Main Memory Storage mediainstalled on the motherboard store data and instruction to be executed by the CPU Main memory is classified into RAM ROM CMOS
- 19. RAM RAM – RandomAccess Memory RAM is volatile data is lost when the power to the computer is turned off The instructions and data for the job performing are written to RAM and read from it as needed.
- 20. RAM Two operations ofRAM Loading means copying data from the secondary storage to the main memory Saving means copying data from RAM to the non-volatile secondary storage. Types of RAM SRAM DRAM SDRAM DDR-RAM
- 21. ROM ROM – ReadOnly Memory ROM is non-volatile Data are stored permanently Data can only be read but cannot be changed Store instructions and tells the computer how to load the operations system when booting up Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
- 22. CMOS CMOS - ComplementaryMetal-Oxide Semiconductor Memory It has the characteristics of both ROM and RAM, ie: it is non-volatile information in CMOS can be changed In computer, CMOS stores the configuration information about a computer like capacity of the hard disk and the current time and date.
- 24. Ports and InterfaceCards The interface between peripheral devices and the CPU. A port is built on the motherboard while an interface card is inserted into slots on the motherboard. Sometimes, an interface card may become a built-in function on the motherboard.