COMPUTER NETWORKS LESSON PLAN PROOFS (how to make lesson plan proof)
- 1. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: Reflection Questions L5: OSI MODEL General Understanding 1. What is the purpose of the OSI model in computer networks? 2. Why is the OSI model divided into 7 layers? 3. How does the OSI model help in troubleshooting network issues? Layer-Specific Questions 1. Physical Layer What kinds of devices operate at the Physical Layer? How do different transmission mediums (like copper vs fiber) affect this layer? 2. Data Link Layer What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address? Why are switches considered to operate at the Data Link Layer? 3. Network Layer Why is routing considered a Network Layer function? How does the concept of logical addressing (IP addressing) support global connectivity? 4. Transport Layer What are the differences between TCP and UDP, and when would each be appropriate? How does the Transport Layer ensure reliable data transmission? 5. Session Layer Why is session management important in long-term data exchanges?
- 2. Can you think of applications where session handling is crucial? 6. Presentation Layer How does this layer deal with data encryption and compression? Can you give examples of how data might be represented differently between systems? 7.Application Layer What are some common protocols that work at the Application Layer? How does this layer interact with user software? Inter-layer Interaction & Real-world Applications 1. How do the layers communicate with each other? 2. Can you describe a real-world scenario where multiple OSI layers are involved? 3. How does understanding the OSI model help in designing better network security solutions? Critical Thinking & Analysis 1. Is the OSI model still relevant today, given the dominance of the TCP/IP model? 2. Which layer do you think is most critical for cybersecurity? Why? 3. If a file transfer fails midway, which OSI layers would you investigate?
- 3. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: Quiz L6: Layers in OSI model Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. How many layers are there in the OSI model? a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8 Ans: c) 7 2. Which layer is responsible for routing of packets? a) Data Link Layer b) Network Layer c) Transport Layer d) Session Layer Ans: b) Network Layer 3. The Transport Layer uses which of the following protocols? a) HTTP and FTP b) IP and ICMP c) TCP and UDP d) ARP and RARP Ans: c) TCP and UDP 4. Which of the following layers is responsible for encryption and decryption? a) Data Link Layer b) Presentation Layer c) Session Layer d) Network Layer Ans: b) Presentation Layer 5. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end delivery of the message? a) Session Layer b) Data Link Layer
- 4. c) Transport Layer d) Network Layer Ans: c) Transport Layer 6. At which OSI layer do switches mainly operate? a) Physical Layer b) Data Link Layer c) Network Layer d) Application Layer Ans: b) Data Link Layer 7. Which layer provides services directly to user applications? a) Session Layer b) Application Layer c) Presentation Layer d) Network Layer Ans: b) Application Layer 8. Which address is used at the Network Layer? a) IP Address b) MAC Address c) Port Number d) None of the above Ans: a) IP Address 9. Which of the following is a function of the Data Link Layer? a) Routing b) Reliable end-to-end delivery c) Error detection and correction d) Encryption Ans: c) Error detection and correction 10. What does OSI stand for? a) Open Software Interconnection b) Open Systems Interconnection c) Online Systems Integration d) Operating System Interface Ans: b) Open Systems Interconnection ✍️Fill in the Blanks 1. The OSI model has 7 layers. 2. The Presentation Layer is responsible for data formatting, encryption, and compression.
- 5. 3. The Transport Layer ensures reliable data transmission. 4. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. 5. The Network Layer uses logical addressing such as IP addresses. 6. The Physical Layer deals with the actual transmission of raw bits. 7. The Data Link Layer uses MAC addresses for node-to-node communication. 8. Encapsulation is the process of adding headers/trailers as data passes through the layers. 9. HTTP and FTP operate at the Application Layer. 10. Flow control is managed by the Transport Layer to avoid data overflow. ✅ True or False 1. The OSI model helps in standardizing communication between different systems. — True 2. IP operates at the Data Link Layer. — False 3. The Session Layer is responsible for establishing and terminating connections. — True 4. MAC addresses are used at the Network Layer. — False 5. The OSI model has 6 layers. — False 6. The Transport Layer provides port addressing. — True 7. Firewalls generally operate at the Physical Layer. — False 8. Switches operate at the Data Link Layer. — True 9. The Presentation Layer manages the syntax and semantics of the data. — True 10. The Application Layer includes user software like browsers and email clients. — False (It supports them, but it's not the actual software)
- 6. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: PPT L9: Wi-Fi 802.11
- 7. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: Assignment L16: TCP/IP Protocol Suite Assignment Title: Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite 📌 Objective: To explore the structure, function, and real-world applications of the TCP/IP protocol suite, and compare it with the OSI model. 📚 Part A: Theoretical Questions (Short Answers) 1. What is the TCP/IP Protocol Suite and why is it important in networking? 2. List and briefly describe the four layers of the TCP/IP model. 3. How does TCP ensure reliable data transmission? 4. What is the role of the IP protocol in data communication? 5. Differentiate between TCP and UDP. Mention one example use case for each. 6. What are port numbers? How are they used in the TCP/IP model? 7. Explain the function of the Application Layer in the TCP/IP suite. 8. Compare and contrast the TCP/IP model with the OSI model. 9. What is meant by encapsulation in the TCP/IP model? 10. Name and explain any three protocols used at the Application Layer. 🖥️Part B: Practical Questions 1. Packet Analysis with Wireshark: o Capture network traffic using Wireshark. o Identify TCP, UDP, and ICMP packets.
- 8. o Take screenshots of one packet from each type and explain its details. 2. Port Scanning (Ethical): o Use nmap to scan a host for open TCP/UDP ports (on a system you own or have permission to test). o Document the open ports and the services they correspond to. 3. Socket Programming (Bonus): o Write a simple Python script to create a TCP client and server. o The server should listen on a port and respond with a greeting when a client connects. 🔄 Part C: Comparative Table Feature OSI Model TCP/IP Model Number of Layers 7 4 Developed By ISO DARPA/DoD Layer Names Application, Presentation... Application, Transport... Protocol Dependency Protocol-independent Protocol-dependent Common Protocols Not specified TCP, IP, UDP, HTTP, etc. (Complete this table with more features) 🧠 Part D: Reflection Questions 1. Why is TCP/IP preferred for the Internet? 2. What challenges might arise when sending data using UDP instead of TCP? 3. In what scenarios would you prefer UDP over TCP? 4. How does understanding the TCP/IP model help in network troubleshooting? KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES
- 9. (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: Handout L25: Network Service Models Handout: Network Service Models What is a Network Service Model? A network service model defines the type of communication service provided between two or more networked systems. It specifies how data should be transmitted, delivered, and acknowledged over a network. Main Network Service Models 1. Connection-Oriented Service Definition: Establishes a connection before transmitting data (like a telephone call). Characteristics: o Reliable communication o Data arrives in order o Acknowledgments are used o Suitable for long, consistent communication Example Protocol: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Use Cases: o Web browsing (HTTP over TCP) o File transfers (FTP) o Emails (SMTP) 2. Connectionless Service
- 10. Definition: Sends data without setting up a connection (like mailing a letter). Characteristics: o Faster, but less reliable o No acknowledgments o Data may arrive out of order o Each packet is treated independently Example Protocol: UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Use Cases: o Video/audio streaming o Online gaming o DNS queries 3. Reliable vs. Unreliable Services Type Description Example Reliable Guarantees delivery, order, and integrity of data TCP Unreliable No delivery guarantees; suitable for speed-focused apps UDP 4. Best-Effort Delivery Definition: The network makes its best attempt to deliver data, but does not guarantee it. Common in: IP layer (Internet Protocol) No: Error recovery, flow control, retransmission Summary Table Feature Connection-Oriented (TCP) Connectionless (UDP) Connection Setup Required Not Required Reliability High Low
- 11. Feature Connection-Oriented (TCP) Connectionless (UDP) Data Order Maintained Not Guaranteed Acknowledgments Yes No Speed Slower Faster Use Case Web, Email, FTP Streaming, Gaming, DNS Key Terms Session: A sustained communication between two endpoints. Handshake: A process to establish connection (e.g., TCP 3-way handshake). Latency: Delay in data transmission. Jitter: Variation in packet arrival time. Quick Quiz 1. What is the main difference between TCP and UDP? 2. Which protocol is better for video streaming and why? 3. What is a best-effort service and where is it used? 4. True or False: TCP ensures that all packets are delivered in the same order.
- 12. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: PPT L46: INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP)
- 13. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: Websource L48: INTRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT LAYER SERVICES: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSPORT AND NETWORK LAYERS, OVERVIEW OF THE TRANSPORT LAYER IN THE INTERNET
- 14. KKR & KSR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (Autonomous) (Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada; Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA) Vinjanampadu, Vatticherukuru, Guntur-17 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Sub: CN A.Y: 2021-22 Teaching Methodology: PPT L62: Transport Services Available to Applications Faculty Head of the Department