![void mergeSort(float array[], int size) { int* tmpArrayPtr = new int[size]; if (tmpArrayPtr != NULL) mergeSortRec(array, size, tmpArrayPtr); else { cout << “Not enough memory to sort list.\n”); return; } delete [] tmpArrayPtr; } Mergesort http://ecomputernotes.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computernotes-datastructures-39-111227202217-phpapp02/85/Computer-notes-Mergesort-25-320.jpg)
![void mergeSortRec(int array[],int size,int tmp[]) { int i; int mid = size/2; if (size > 1){ mergeSortRec(array, mid, tmp); mergeSortRec(array+mid, size-mid, tmp); mergeArrays(array, mid, array+mid, size-mid, tmp); for (i = 0; i < size; i++) array[i] = tmp[i]; } } Mergesort http://ecomputernotes.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computernotes-datastructures-39-111227202217-phpapp02/85/Computer-notes-Mergesort-26-320.jpg)
![Quicksort void quickSort(int array[], int size) { int index; if (size > 1) { index = partition(array, size); quickSort(array, index); quickSort(array+index+1, size - index-1); } } http://ecomputernotes.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computernotes-datastructures-39-111227202217-phpapp02/85/Computer-notes-Mergesort-52-320.jpg)
![int partition(int array[], int size) { int k; int mid = size/2; int index = 0; swap(array, array+mid); for (k = 1; k < size; k++){ if (array[k] < array[0]){ index++; swap(array+k, array+index); } } swap(array, array+index); return index; } Quicksort](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computernotes-datastructures-39-111227202217-phpapp02/85/Computer-notes-Mergesort-53-320.jpg)
Computer notes - Mergesort
- 1. Class No.39 Data Structures http://ecomputernotes.com
- 2. Divide and Conquer What if we split the list into two parts? 10 12 8 4 2 11 7 5 http://ecomputernotes.com 10 12 8 4 2 11 7 5
- 3. Divide and Conquer Sort the two parts: http://ecomputernotes.com 10 12 8 4 2 11 7 5 4 8 10 12 2 5 7 11
- 4. Divide and Conquer Then merge the two parts together: http://ecomputernotes.com 4 8 10 12 2 5 7 11 2 4 5 7 8 10 11 12
- 5. Analysis To sort the halves ( n /2) 2 +( n /2) 2 To merge the two halves n So, for n =100, divide and conquer takes: = (100/2) 2 + (100/2) 2 + 100 = 2500 + 2500 + 100 = 5100 ( n 2 = 10,000) http://ecomputernotes.com
- 6. Divide and Conquer Why not divide the halves in half? The quarters in half? And so on . . . When should we stop? At n = 1 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 7. Search Divide and Conquer Recall: Binary Search http://ecomputernotes.com Search Search
- 8. Sort Divide and Conquer Sort Sort Sort Sort Sort Sort http://ecomputernotes.com
- 9. Divide and Conquer Combine Combine Combine http://ecomputernotes.com
- 10. Mergesort Mergesort is a divide and conquer algorithm that does exactly that. It splits the list in half Mergesorts the two halves Then merges the two sorted halves together Mergesort can be implemented recursively http://ecomputernotes.com
- 11. Mergesort The mergesort algorithm involves three steps: If the number of items to sort is 0 or 1, return Recursively sort the first and second halves separately Merge the two sorted halves into a sorted group http://ecomputernotes.com
- 12. Merging: animation 4 8 10 12 2 5 7 11 2 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 13. Merging: animation 4 8 10 12 2 5 7 11 2 4 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 14. Merging: animation 4 8 10 12 2 5 7 11 2 4 5 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 15. Merging 4 8 10 12 2 5 7 11 2 4 5 7 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 16. Mergesort Split the list in half. Mergesort the left half. Split the list in half. Mergesort the left half. Split the list in half. Mergesort the left half. 10 Mergesort the right. 4 http://ecomputernotes.com 8 12 11 2 7 5 4 10 8 12 4 10 4 10
- 17. Mergesort 8 12 4 10 Mergesort the right half. Merge the two halves. 12 8 http://ecomputernotes.com 8 12 11 2 7 5 4 10 4 10 10 4 8 12 Merge the two halves . 8 8 12
- 18. Mergesort 8 12 4 10 Merge the two halves. Mergesort the right half. Merge the two halves. http://ecomputernotes.com 8 12 11 2 7 5 4 10 4 10 10 4 8 12 10 12 8 4 10 4 8 12
- 19. Mergesort 10 12 11 2 7 5 8 4 Mergesort the right half. 11 2 http://ecomputernotes.com 11 2 7 5 11 2
- 20. Mergesort 10 12 11 2 7 5 8 4 Mergesort the right half. 11 2 7 5 11 2 2 11 http://ecomputernotes.com 2 11
- 21. Mergesort 10 12 11 2 7 5 8 4 Mergesort the right half. 11 2 7 5 2 11 7 5 7 5 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 22. Mergesort 10 12 11 2 7 5 8 4 Mergesort the right half. 11 2 5 7 2 11 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 23. Mergesort 10 12 2 5 7 11 8 4 Mergesort the right half. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 24. Mergesort 5 7 8 10 11 12 4 2 Merge the two halves. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 25. void mergeSort(float array[], int size) { int* tmpArrayPtr = new int[size]; if (tmpArrayPtr != NULL) mergeSortRec(array, size, tmpArrayPtr); else { cout << “Not enough memory to sort list.\n”); return; } delete [] tmpArrayPtr; } Mergesort http://ecomputernotes.com
- 26. void mergeSortRec(int array[],int size,int tmp[]) { int i; int mid = size/2; if (size > 1){ mergeSortRec(array, mid, tmp); mergeSortRec(array+mid, size-mid, tmp); mergeArrays(array, mid, array+mid, size-mid, tmp); for (i = 0; i < size; i++) array[i] = tmp[i]; } } Mergesort http://ecomputernotes.com
- 27. 3 5 15 28 30 6 10 14 22 43 50 a: b: mergeArrays http://ecomputernotes.com aSize: 5 bSize: 6 tmp:
- 28. mergeArrays 5 15 28 30 10 14 22 43 50 a: b: tmp: i=0 k=0 j=0 3 6 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 29. mergeArrays 5 15 28 30 10 14 22 43 50 a: b: tmp: i=0 k=0 3 j=0 3 6 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 30. mergeArrays 3 15 28 30 10 14 22 43 50 a: b: tmp: i=1 j=0 k=1 3 5 5 6 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 31. mergeArrays 3 5 28 30 10 14 22 43 50 a: b: 3 5 tmp: i=2 j=0 k=2 6 15 6 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 32. mergeArrays 3 5 28 30 6 14 22 43 50 a: b: 3 5 6 tmp: i=2 j=1 k=3 15 10 10 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 33. mergeArrays 10 3 5 28 30 6 22 43 50 a: b: 3 5 6 tmp: i=2 j=2 k=4 15 10 14 14 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 34. mergeArrays 14 10 3 5 28 30 6 14 43 50 a: b: 3 5 6 tmp: i=2 j=3 k=5 15 10 22 15 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 35. mergeArrays 14 10 3 5 30 6 14 43 50 a: b: 3 5 6 tmp: i=3 j=3 k=6 15 10 22 22 15 28 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 36. mergeArrays 14 10 3 5 30 6 14 50 a: b: 3 5 6 tmp: i=3 j=4 k=7 15 10 22 28 15 28 43 22 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 37. mergeArrays 14 10 3 5 6 14 50 a: b: 3 5 6 tmp: i=4 j=4 k=8 15 10 22 30 15 28 43 22 30 28 http://ecomputernotes.com
- 38. mergeArrays 14 10 3 5 6 14 50 a: b: 3 5 6 30 tmp: i=5 j=4 k=9 15 10 22 15 28 43 22 30 28 43 50 Done. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 39. Merge Sort and Linked Lists http://ecomputernotes.com Sort Sort Merge
- 40. Mergesort Analysis Merging the two lists of size n /2: O( n ) Merging the four lists of size n/4: O( n ) . . . Merging the n lists of size 1: O( n ) O (lg n ) times Mergesort is O( n lg n ) Space? The other sorts we have looked at (insertion, selection) are in-place (only require a constant amount of extra space) Mergesort requires O( n ) extra space for merging
- 41. Mergesort Analysis Mergesort is O( n lg n ) Space? The other sorts we have looked at (insertion, selection) are in-place (only require a constant amount of extra space) Mergesort requires O( n ) extra space for merging http://ecomputernotes.com
- 42. Quicksort Quicksort is another divide and conquer algorithm Quicksort is based on the idea of partitioning (splitting) the list around a pivot or split value http://ecomputernotes.com
- 43. Quicksort First the list is partitioned around a pivot value. Pivot can be chosen from the beginning, end or middle of list): 8 3 2 11 7 5 12 4 5 http://ecomputernotes.com 4 10 5 pivot value
- 44. Quicksort The pivot is swapped to the last position and the remaining elements are compared starting at the ends. 8 3 2 11 7 5 12 4 5 5 pivot value http://ecomputernotes.com 4 10 low high
- 45. Quicksort Then the low index moves right until it is at an element that is larger than the pivot value (i.e., it is on the wrong side) 8 6 2 11 7 5 10 12 4 6 5 pivot value 3 12 http://ecomputernotes.com low high
- 46. Quicksort Then the high index moves left until it is at an element that is smaller than the pivot value (i.e., it is on the wrong side) 8 6 2 11 7 5 12 4 6 5 pivot value 3 2 http://ecomputernotes.com 4 10 low high
- 47. Quicksort Then the two values are swapped and the index values are updated: 8 6 2 11 7 5 12 4 6 5 pivot value 3 2 12 http://ecomputernotes.com 4 10 low high
- 48. Quicksort This continues until the two index values pass each other: 8 6 12 11 7 5 4 2 4 6 5 pivot value 3 10 3 10 http://ecomputernotes.com low high
- 49. Quicksort This continues until the two index values pass each other: 8 6 12 11 7 5 4 2 4 6 5 pivot value 10 3 http://ecomputernotes.com low high
- 50. Quicksort Then the pivot value is swapped into position: 8 6 12 11 7 5 4 2 4 6 10 3 8 5 http://ecomputernotes.com low high
- 51. Quicksort Recursively quicksort the two parts: 5 6 12 11 7 8 4 2 4 6 10 3 5 http://ecomputernotes.com Quicksort the left part Quicksort the right part
- 52. Quicksort void quickSort(int array[], int size) { int index; if (size > 1) { index = partition(array, size); quickSort(array, index); quickSort(array+index+1, size - index-1); } } http://ecomputernotes.com
- 53. int partition(int array[], int size) { int k; int mid = size/2; int index = 0; swap(array, array+mid); for (k = 1; k < size; k++){ if (array[k] < array[0]){ index++; swap(array+k, array+index); } } swap(array, array+index); return index; } Quicksort
- 54. Data Structures-Course Recap Arrays Link Lists Stacks Queues Binary Trees Sorting http://ecomputernotes.com