Computer Software
- 2. Outlines ▪ Define software and describe the different types of software. ▪ Explain the different types of system software. ▪ List out the major functions of an OS. ▪ Describe the different types of translator. ▪ Explain the different types of application software. 2
- 3. “Education is our passport to the future, For tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today” 3 Malcon X
- 4. 1. SOFTWARE
- 5. 5 Software ▪ Software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. ▪ Without software, most computers would be useless. ▪ Software is a generic term for organizing collections of computer data and instructions, ▪ Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well- defined function. ▪ A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem.
- 6. 6 Types of Software ▪ System Software System software is a generic term referring to the computer programs used to start and run computer systems including diverse application software and networks. ▪ Application Software Application software is the general designation of computer programs for performing tasks. The application software may be general purpose (word processing, web browsers.) or have a specific purpose (accounting, truck scheduling.) Application software contrast to system software.
- 7. 7 System Software ▪ System software is software designed to provide a platform for other software. ▪ They are designed to operate, control and enhances the processing capabilities of the computer. ▪ They are developed by computer manufacturer in low level language. ▪ It also helps hardware components to work together and provide support for the development and execution of the application software. ▪ Programs which are included in system software packages are also known as system programs and the programmers who develop those programs are known as system programmer. ▪ Examples of system software include operating systems like macOS, Linux, Android and Microsoft Windows, game engines, industrial automation.
- 8. The purpose of the system software are: ▪ To provide basic functionality of a computer ▪ To control computer hardware, and ▪ To act as an interface between user, application software and computer hardware
- 9. Types of system software ▪ There are three types of system software: • Operating System Software • Device Driver • Utility Software
- 10. Operating system software ▪ An Operating System is a program designed to run other programs on a computer. ▪ A computer's operating system is its most important program. ▪ It is considered as the backbone of a computer managing both software and hardware device. ▪ Operating systems are responsible for each and everything from the control and allocation of memory to input from external devices and output to computer display. ▪ It is a program on which application programs are executed and acts as an communication bridge (interface) between the user and the computer hardware.
- 11. Function of an Operating system • Memory Management • Processor Management • Device Management • File Management • Security • Control over system performance • Job accounting • Error detecting aids • Coordination between other software and user
- 12. Function of an Operating system • Memory Management ▪ Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it are in use by whom, what part are not in use. ▪ In multiprogramming, the OS decides which process will get memory when and how much. ▪ Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so. ▪ De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been terminated. • Processor Management ▪ Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. The program responsible for this task is known as traffic controller. ▪ Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process. ▪ De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required. • Device Management ▪ Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller. ▪ Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time. ▪ Allocates the device in the efficient way. ▪ De-allocates devices.
- 13. Function of an Operating system • File Management ▪ Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective facilities are often known as file system. ▪ Decides who gets the resources. ▪ Allocates the resources. ▪ De-allocates the resources • Security The operating system uses password protection to protect user data and similar other techniques. it also prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data. • Control over system performance Monitors overall system health to help improve performance. records the response time between service requests and system response to have a complete view of the system health. This can help improve performance by providing important information needed to troubleshoot problems. Continue……
- 14. Function of an Operating system • Job accounting Operating system Keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users, this information can be used to track resource usage for a particular user or group of user. • Error detecting aids Operating system constantly monitors the system to detect errors and avoid the malfunctioning of computer system • Coordination between other software and users Operating systems also coordinate and assign interpreters, compilers, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems. Continue……
- 15. Device Driver • A device driver (aka driver) is software provided by a hardware maker that tells the computer's operating system exactly how to work with that hardware. • Device driver is actually a communication medium between device and the computer. • It loads every time in memory. • When a new device is added the driver should be installed in order to run the program .
- 16. Utility Software • System utility software is a set of tools that helps configure, analyze and optimize computer resources to help users perform multiple tasks efficiently. • Utility software focuses on computer components such as hardware, software, operating system, and storage parts. • It is a program that performs a specific task, which is usually related to managing the system resources. • Utilities are sometimes also installed as memory-resident programs.
- 17. Types of Utility Software •System utility •File Management Utilities •Storage Device Management Utilities •Miscellaneous Utilities •Backup Utilities •Antivirus •Data Synchronization Tools •File Management System •Disk Management Tools •Disk Clean-Up Tool •Debuggers •Screen Savers •Clipboard Managers •Disk Space Analyzers •Network Utilities •System Monitors. •System Profilers •Cryptographic Utilities •Registry Cleaners
- 18. Language Processor • Computer understands only machine language. A program written in high level or assembly language cannot be run on a computer directly. It must be converted into machine language before execution. • Language processor or translator is a software that converts these programs into machine language. • A language processor is a software program designed or used to perform tasks such as processing program code to machine code. Language processors are found in languages such as Fortan and COBOL. • A language translator bridges an execution gap to machine language (or assembly language) of a computer system.
- 19. Types of Language Processor • A translator is a programming language processor that converts a computer program from one language to another. • There are three types of language translator: ▪ Assembler ▪ Compiler ▪ Interpreter
- 20. Compiler • Compiler is a computer program that translates a high level language into a machine code in a single operation. • It report all errors of program along with the line numbers • • After all the errors are removed the program is recompiled and an executable file is made which is compiler independent • The language processor that reads the complete source program written in high-level language as a whole in one go and translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is called a Compiler. • Example: C, C++, C#, Java. • In a compiler, the source code is translated to object code successfully if it is free of errors. • The compiler specifies the errors at the end of the compilation with line numbers when there are any errors in the source code. • The errors must be removed before the compiler can successfully recompile the source code again
- 21. Assembler • The Assembler is used to translate the program written in Assembly language into machine code. • The source program is an input of an assembler that contains assembly language instructions. • The output generated by the assembler is the object code or machine code understandable by the computer. Assembler is basically the 1st interface that is able to communicate humans with the machine. • Code written in assembly language is some sort of Mnemonics (instructions) like ADD, MUL, MUX, SUB, DIV, MOV and so on. and the assembler is basically able to convert these mnemonics in Binary code. • For example, the architecture of intel 8085 and intel 8086 are different.
- 22. Interpreter • The translation of a single statement of the source program into machine code is done by a language processor and executes immediately before moving on to the next line is called an interpreter. • If there is an error in the statement, the interpreter terminates its translating process at that statement and displays an error message. • The interpreter moves on to the next line for execution only after the removal of the error. • An Interpreter directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language without previously converting them to an object code or machine code. • Example: Perl, Python and Matlab.
- 23. Compiler Interpreter A compiler is a program that converts the entire source code of a programming language into executable machine code for a CPU. An interpreter takes a source program and runs it line by line, translating each line as it comes to it The compiler takes a large amount of time to analyze the entire source code but the overall execution time of the program is comparatively faster. An interpreter takes less amount of time to analyze the source code but the overall execution time of the program is slower. The compiler requires a lot of memory for generating object codes. It requires less memory than a compiler because no object code is generated. For Security purpose compiler is more useful. The interpreter is a little vulnerable in case of security. Examples: C, C++, Java Examples: Python, Perl, JavaScript, Ruby Difference between Compiler and interpreter
- 24. 24 Application Software ▪ An application program (app or application for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users. ▪ Applications software (also called end-user programs) include such things as database programs, word processors, Web browsers and spreadsheets. ▪ Examples of an application include a word processor and a media player.
- 25. Form of Application Software ▪ Package Software • Packaged software is a collection of programs that perform similar functions or have similar features. • For example, Microsoft Office includes multiple applications such as Excel, Word, and PowerPoint.
- 26. Form of Application Software ▪ Customized software • Customized software is software that is specially developed for some specific organization or other user. • For example:- Company ,banking business, Attendance system.
- 27. S.No Key System Software Application Software 1 Definition System Software is the type of software which is the interface between application software and system. Application Software is the type of software which runs as per user request. It runs on the platform which is provide by system software. 2 Development Language They are developed in low level language which is more compatible with the system hardware in order to interact with. They are developed in high level language and used for development as they are developed as some specific purpose software. 3 Usage Itis used for operating computer hardware It is used by user to perform specific task. 4 Installation They are installed on the computer when operating system is installed. They are installed according to user’s requirements. 5 User interaction They are specific to system hardware so less or no user interaction available in case of system software. Application software user can interacts with it as user interface is available in this case. 6. Dependency They can run independently. It provides platform for running application software. They can’t run independently. They can’t run without the presence of system software.. 7 Examples Compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc. Word processor, web browser, media player, etc.
- 29. Open Source Software • Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. • "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works. • Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly. • Examples: Linux, Moodle, Wordpress, Drupal etc
- 30. Cloud Application • A cloud application is an Internet-based program where some, or all, of the processing logic and data storage is processed in the cloud. • Cloud applications are software that users access primarily through the internet, meaning at least some of it is managed by a server and not users' local machines. • The user interacts with the application via a web browser or a mobile application, and the data processing is managed by a combination of the local device and a cloud computing solution. • From the user’s perspective, the cloud application behaves like a standard website, but the computing and data processing are handled by the cloud via an API (application program interface) or a hybrid of both.
- 31. Mobile Application • Also called mobile apps, it is a term used to describe Internet applications that run on smartphones and other mobile devices. • Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those accessed on PCs. • Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited function. • Mobile applications usually help users by connecting them to Internet services more commonly accessed on desktop or notebook computers, or help them by making it easier to use the Internet on their portable devices. • This use of app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc. and its App Store, which offers thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.
- 32. Thank you 32