Concept of intelligence

Concept of intelligence

• 1.
  INTELLIGENCE
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  How can wedefine intelligence?  No single agreed upon definition  Comprehension, invention, direction, criticism ____ intelligence is contained in these four words (Alfred Binet)  The ability to think in terms of abstract ideas. (Terman)  The capacity to learn or to profit by experience (Dearborn)  The ability to adjust to environment. (Colvin)  Intellect put to use. (Woodworth)
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  What does intelligencemean?  Intelligence is not a thing or object, it is a way of acting in a situation  Considerable controversy over its real meaning (13 psychologist in 1921 and 24 in 1986)  Both times about half experts mentioned higher level thinking processes as its elements  1986 added metacognition, and the cultural context  Both the times psychologists disagreed on its structure
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  Is intelligence aone ability or many?  Before Spearman there were three theories of intelligence  Monoarchic theory  Intelligence is one faculty  Oligarchic theory  A number of big faculties like judgment, memory and imagination  Anarchic theory  Many abilities independent of each other
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  Modern theories  Spearman’s(1927) Two Factor Theory  General intelligence : use to perform any function  He termed it as g  In addition each test requires some specific ability  He termed this specific ability as s
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   Raymond Cattel(1963) and John Horn’s(1998) theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence  Fluid intelligence  Mental efficiency  Culture-free  Non-verbal  Increases and decreased with age  Sensitive to injuries  Crystallized Intelligence  Ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods e.g. vocabulary, facts, skills  By applying fluid intelligence in problem solving, we develop crystallized intelligence
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   John Caroll(1997)  One general ability  A few broad abilities  Fluid and crystallized abilities  Learning and memory  Visual and auditory perception  Processing speed  At least 70 specific abilities  Language development  Memory span  Reaction time
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  What do youunderstand by the concept of Multiple Intelligences?  Gardner (1983, 1999) says  There are eight separate intelligences  Linguistic (Verbal)  Musical  Spatial  Logic-mathematical  Bodily-kinesthetic  Interpersonal  Intra-personal
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   Gardner saysthere may be more; eight is not a magic word  He has recently speculated that there may be spiritual and existential intelligences  Based his theory on  Brain damage affects particular ability  An individual may excel in one with no remarkable achievement in others
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  Multiple Intelligences andSchools  Expands teachers’ thinking about abilities and avenues for teaching  No strong evidence that adopting MI approach would increase learning  Too broad to tell teachers how to teach  E.g. the knowledge that basketball relies on bodily- kinesthetic intelligence tells a coach nothing about the skills his players need to learn.
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  Misuses of MultipleIntelligences  Trying to teach all concepts or subjects using all intelligences  Assuming that it is just enough to apply a certain intelligence, no matter how you use it  Using an intelligence as a background for oither activities  E.g. listening music while solving math problems
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   Mixing intelligencewith other desirable qualities  Interpersonal intelligence distorted as a license for cooperative learning  Intrapersonal intelligence distorted as a rationale for self esteem  Direct evaluation or even grading of intelligences without regard to context
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  Uses of MultipleIntelligences  The cultivation of desired capabilities  The personalization of education  Understanding individual differences
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  Q & A