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Concept of management
The document discusses management from several perspectives - as an art, science, process, profession and discipline. It defines management as the process of getting work done through others involving planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. The key functions of management are explained as planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Management takes place at three levels in organizations - top level management which determines objectives and policies, middle level management which implements plans and coordinates departments, and lower level management which provides supervision.
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Concept of management
- 3. Hence management isthe art of getting things done through others in systematic and effective manner. Management is the process of getting things done through others with the help of some basic activities like planning ,organizing ,directing , coordinating and controlling
- 4. As activity The activitiesof managers, like communicating information decision making and maintaining interpersonal relation to achieve goal is
- 5. Management concept Theo Haimann Asa noun • Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business, manages a manager and manages workers and works- Peter Drucker • All the managers from the chief executive to the first line supervisors and their functions collectively known as management As discipline • Management is a branch of human knowledge drawn from various sectors like psychology , social science, economics and other professional disciplines. • The term management is considered as separate subject as a specialized knowledge giving idea principles laid down by the management theory. As process • Management is the distinct process consisting of planning, , actuating and controlling to determine and to accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources-George R. terry • Management is the process of converting inputs into outputs through series of inter related functions consisting planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
- 6. Features of management Goal oriented Universal activity Social process Dynamic activity Distinct process Both science and art A profession Multidisciplinary in nature Both tangible and intangible
- 7. Management as science scienceis the systematized body of knowledge,princ iple and truth which is experimentally proved. The basic principles of management are based on obserbation and experiment and are applied in all types of organizations,so it is a social science as it deals with the people and their behaviour.
- 8. Management as ascience Existence of systematized body of knowledge Basic principles and truth of universally applicable Use of scientific methods of observation Principles based on experiment and research Establised cause and effect relationship
- 9. Management as anart “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized group”. Koontz and Donnel Management is the art of getting things done through others. For this manager has to play the role of artist.
- 10. Management as anart Existence of practical knowledge Personal skill Result oriented approach Creativity Improvement through practice
- 11. Management as aprofession “A profession may be defined as an occupation of a specialized and personal nature of service for which there is a fee called a professional charge is to be paid.” In corporate sectors ,where the management and ownership are different, it is necessary to appoint professional managers.
- 12. Management as profession Specializedknowledge Formal education and training Representative of associations Service elements/social obligation Ethical standards
- 13. Management and administration Administration:- “Administrationis the function in the industry concerned with the determination of corporate policy, the co-ordination of finance, production and distribution and the settlement of the organization under the control of executive.” thinking function
- 14. Management :- it isthe executive function that is primarily concerned with carrying out the broad policies laid down by the administration. Doing function
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- 16. Difference between managementand administration Points of diffrence Management Administration Nature of functions Operational and executive Thinking and decision making Types of function Planning,Organizing,Staffing. directing,Controlling Determination of obj. ..formulation of policies Level of authority Operational level Top level Applicable Business and social institution Government, cultural and religious orgnisation Ability Administrative /technical Administrative Decision making Influence by opinion ,value ,views, ethics Government policies, public opinion, tradition , and culture Status Employee for salary Investor for profit Area of importance Supervisory or operational level Higher or thinking level
- 17. Functions of management Themajor functions of management involve planing, organizing, staffing, direcing and controlling. o O R B …….. PODSCORB
- 18. Planning Planning is theprocess of thinking before doing any activity. - Determination of organizational goal - Making forecast for future activity and events - Formulation of policies and procedures - Preparation of schedule , programme , budget of work.
- 19. organizing Organizing is theprocess of identification of major activities, grouping them on the basis of nature, and assigning them to different departments. ….Identifications of major activities -grouping them to manageable units -assignment of work to different departments and employees -development of rules and regulation and procedures -delegation of necessary authority
- 20. Staffing is therecruitment, selection, appointment and placement of right person to the right job. -Determination of manpower required in department -Recruitment, selection ,appointment of right person -Management of developmental programme eg. Training -Development of evaluation , promotion and transfer procedure -Providing proper remuneration Staffing
- 21. Directing Directing is concernedwith providing instruction , guidance and inspiration to workers for achieving common goals. it also involve activities like supervision , coordinating , motivation ,leadership and communication.
- 23. i.Supervision Supervision refers tothe direct and immediate guidance to the subordinates to ensure the execution of assigned works. Optimum utilization human and physical resource To provide guidance to subordinate To increase efficiency To reduce the cost
- 24. II. motivation Motivation isthe process of developing feeling among workers to do their work in best efficiency. To stimulate subordinates To fulfill their basic and social needs To achieve organizational goals They are either financial or non financial
- 25. iii. leadership Leadership isthe art of influencing on the behaviour and performance of the subordinates. -to persuade subordinates to work together -to achieve the organizational goal -to influence the attitude of worker -to increase the beliefs
- 26. IV communication Communication isthe transmission of information from one person to another or from one place to another place to achieve objectives. To exchange idea, facts opinion To follow the information To achieve organizational goal
- 27. v. Coordination Coordination isthe process of orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of action for the attainment of common goal To integrate all the units To bring uniformity of performance To achieve the objective of organization To build the team spirit
- 28. Controlling Controlling is theprocess of comparing actual performance achieved with that of planned performance and taking corrective measure if there is deviation. Setting standard for the designed work Measuring actual performance with the predetermined objectives Locating deviation between actual and planned performance Analyzing the causes of deviation Taking corrective action to achieve goals
- 29. Levels of management Themanagement hierarchy is divided into different level to bring smoothness and uniformity in different branches of organizational is called level of management. They are :- The upper level/top level management The middle level/intermediate level management The first/lower level management
- 30. Levels of management Levelof management Top level(BOD,CE, officer) Middle level (departmental heads) Lower level (superintendents, supervisors,)
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- 33. Top Level ofManagement The Top Level Management consists of the Board of Directors (BOD) and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The Chief Executive Officer is also called General Manager (GM) or Managing Director (MD) or President. The Board of Directors are the representatives of the Shareholders, i.e. they are selected by the Shareholders of the company. Similarly, the Chief Executive Officer is selected by the Board of Directors of an organization.
- 34. The main roleof the top level management is summarized as follows The top level management determines the objectives, policies and plans of the organisation. They mobilises (assemble and bring together) available resources. The top level management does mostly the work of thinking, planning and deciding. Therefore, they are also called as the Administrators and the Brain of the organisation. They spend more time in planning and organising. They prepare long-term plans of the organisation which are generally made for 5 to 20 years. The top level management has maximum authority and responsibility. They are the top or final authority in the organisation. They are directly responsible to the Shareholders, Government and the General Public. The success or failure of the organisation largely depends on their efficiency and decision making.
- 35. Middle Level ofManagement The Middle Level Management consists of the Departmental Heads (HOD), Branch Managers, and the Junior Executives. The Departmental heads are Finance Managers, Purchase Managers, etc. The Branch Managers are the head of a branch or local unit. The Junior Executives are Assistant Finance Managers, Assistant Purchase Managers, etc. The Middle level Management is selected by the Top Level Management.
- 36. The middle levelmanagement emphasize more on following tasks :- Middle level management gives recommendations (advice) to the top level management. It executes (implements) the policies and plans which are made by the top level management. It co-ordinate the activities of all the departments. They also have to communicate with the top level Management and the lower level management. They spend more time in co-ordinating and communicating. They prepare short-term plans of their departments which are generally made for 1 to 5 years. The middle Level Management has limited authority and responsibility. They are intermediary between top and lower management. They are directly responsible to the chief executive officer and board of directors.
- 37. Lower Level ofManagement The lower level management consists of the Foremen and the Supervisors. They are selected by the middle level management. It is also called Operative / Supervisory level or First Line of Management
- 38. The lower levelmanagement performs following activities Lower level management directs the workers / employees. They develops morale in the workers. It maintains a link between workers and the middle level management. The lower level management informs the workers about the decisions which are taken by the management. They also inform the management about the performance, difficulties, feelings, demands, etc., of the workers. They spend more time in directing and controlling. The lower level managers make daily, weekly and monthly plans. They have limited authority but important responsibility of getting the work done from the workers. They regularly report and are directly responsible to the middle level management. Along with the experience and basic management skills, they also require more technical and communication skills.