Concept of normal and abnormal behaviour
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This document provides an overview of concepts related to normal and abnormal behavior, defining behavior as how individuals conform to societal standards. It discusses characteristics of normal behavior, characteristics of abnormal behavior categorized by dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness, and presents several psychological models explaining abnormality, including biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, and cognitive models. Each model offers different perspectives on the causes and treatments for psychological disorders, emphasizing either biological, environmental, or cognitive factors.
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Concept of normal and abnormal behaviour
- 1. SRADHANJALI BISWAL TUTOR KALINGA INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES KIIT UNIVERSITY CONCEPTS OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
- 2. INTRODUCTION
- 3. What is Behaviour? Behaviour is the manner in which a person behaves, whether they can conform to the standards, or not.
- 4. Types Of Behaviour 1. NORMAL BEHAVIOUR:- Normal is seen as a good thing, something that is natural, regular, or routine.
- 5. TYPES CONT… 2. ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR:- Abnormal is any kind of activity that a person sees as bad behaviour or something that is not common, it can be defined as a birth defect to a mental illness.
- 6. Characteristics Of Normal Behaviour Jahoda (1958) attempted to establish what is abnormal by identifying the characteristics of people who are normal. She identified six characteristics of mental health. Efficient self-perception Realistic self-esteem and acceptance Voluntary control of behavior True perception of the world Sustaining relationships and giving affection Self-direction and productivity
- 7. The 4 "D's" of Abnormality:- D – dysfunction , D – distress, D – deviance , D – dangerousness Characteristics Of Abnormal Behaviour
- 8. CONT… 1. Dysfunctional: Behaviors and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with person's ability to function in daily life, to hold a job, or form relationships. 2. Distress: Behaviors and feelings that cause distress to the individual or to others around him or her are considered abnormal. 3. Deviant: Highly deviant behaviors like chronic lying or stealing lead to judgements of abnormality. 4. Dangerous: Behaviors and feelings that are potentially harmful to an individual or the individuals around them are seen as abnormal.
- 9. Models Of Normal And Abnormal Behaviour Physiological or Biological Model Behavioural Models Psychodynamic Models Cognitive Model
- 10. Biological Model The biological model of abnormality (the only model not based on psychological principles) is based on the assumptions that if the brain, neuro-anatomy and related biochemicals are all physical entities and work together to mediate psychological processes, then treating any mental abnormality must be physical/biological. Part of this theory stems from much research into the major neurotransmitter, serotonin, which seems to show that major psychological illnesses such as bipolar disorder and anorexia nervosa are caused by abnormally
- 11. Cont.. The model also suggests that psychological illness could and should be treated like any physical illness (being caused by chemical imbalance, microbes or physical stress) and hence can be treated with surgery or drugs.
- 12. Behavioural model The behavioural model to abnormality assumes that all maladaptive behaviour is essentially acquired through one's environment. Therefore, psychiatrists practising the beliefs of this model would be to prioritise changing the behaviour over identifying the cause of the dysfunctional behaviour.
- 13. Cont…. The main solution to psychological illness under this model is aversion therapy, where the stimulus that provokes the dysfunctional behaviour is coupled with a second stimulus, with aims to produce a new reaction to the first stimulus based on the experiences of the second.
- 14. Psychodynamic Model The psychodynamic model is the fourth psychological model of abnormality, and is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. It is based on the principles that psychological illnesses come about from repressed emotions and thoughts from experiences in the past (usually childhood), and as a result of this repression,
- 15. Cont… The patient is believed to be cured when they can admit that which is currently being repressed
- 16. Cognitive model The cognitive model of abnormality focuses on the cognitive distortions or the dysfunctions in the thought processes and the cognitive deficiencies, particularly the absence of sufficient thinking and planning. This model holds that these variables are the cause of many psychological disorders and that psychologists following this outlook explain abnormality in terms of irrational and negative thinking with the main position
- 17. Cont.… The cognitive model of abnormality is one of the dominant forces in academic psychology beginning in the 1970s and its appeal is partly attributed to the way it emphasizes the evaluation of internal mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and problem- solving. The process allows psychologists to explain the development of mental disorders and the link between cognition and brain function especially to develop