Concepts of disaster management
- 1. CONCEPT OF DIASTER MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL DIASTER MANAGEMENT FRAME WORK [email protected]
- 2. “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause Damage, Ecological disruption, Loss of human life, Deterioration of health and Health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant and extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
- 3. DEFINITIONS • Risk is defined as the frequency of an event happening and its impact. • A Hazard is a physical or human-made event that can potentially trigger a disaster. • Vulnerability is ‘Susceptibility to harm’ of those at risk. • Capacities are the qualities & resources of community ( or individual) to … anticipate, cope with, resist & recover from the impact of hazards.
- 4. WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT?? • To minimize deaths and losses. • Minimum level of preparedness & planning can do it. • Without identification of risk & vulnerability, only knowledge of hazards is of no use. • Normal procedures are insufficient to handle grave situations
- 5. CAUSAL FACTORS OF DISASTER DISASTER POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY RAPID URBANIZATION ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION
- 6. • Poverty: lack of resource bases,support system,insurance opportunities • environmental degradation: destruction of mangrove swamps in coastal areas. construction of huge dams destructing vast area of forest. • Rapid urbanisation :everybody wants to settle in urban area. high rates can’t accommodate every class of people. it results in growth of slums, unplanned construction without regulations. • population growth: effect on the people living in crowded areas.
- 7. What it involves ?? • Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man made disasters. • Preparedness before disaster. • Rebuilding and supporting society after natural disasters
- 8. The reasons for this are varied including: • An increasing population pressures in urban areas. • An increase in the extent of encroachment into lands. e.g., river beds or drainage courses, low lying areas etc. • Poor or ignored zoning laws and policies. • Lack of proper risk management.
- 10. FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER Host factors: • Age • Immunization status • Degree of mobility • Emotional stability
- 11. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Physical Factors: • Chemical Factors • Biological Factors • Social Factors • Psychological Factors
- 12. CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER •Predictability • Controllability • Speed of onset • Length of forewarning •Duration of impact • Scope and intensity of impact
- 14. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT • Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government. • Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose. • Organizations should function as an extension of their core business. • Individuals are responsible for their own safety. • Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.
- 15. • DM planning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters. • DM planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population. • DM arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies
- 17. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India. The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies. Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA) World Health Organization (WHO) UNICEF World Food Programme (WFP) Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD) E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE) International committee of Red cross.
- 18. GOI – NGO DISASTER PREPARATION AND RESPONSE COMITTEE Members • World Vision of India • SOS Children's Village India • Ramakrishna Mission • Plan international • OXFAM India Trust • Lutheran World Service India • Red Cross • Catholic Relief Services • CASA • CARITAS India • Voluntary Health association Of India • Action Aid • Action for Food Production-AFPRO • Indo German Social Services Society
- 19. NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT • Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC • Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department • Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department • Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare • Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment • Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
- 20. • Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests, • Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour. • Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways. • Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation. • Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs. • Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy. • Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
- 21. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA • A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administerd by NDMA. • States and districts will administer mitigation funds. • A National Disaster Response Fund will be administerd by NDMA through the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund respectively. • 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in eight strategic locations. • A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster Response Plan will also be drawn up.
- 22. LESSONS LEARNT • BE PREPARED : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield more effective returns than distributing relief after a disaster. • Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention. • Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders.
- 23. FUTURE DIRECTIONS • Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks • Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Homeguards). • Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. • Learn from best practices in disaster • preparedness, mitigation and disaster response
- 24. • Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions
- 25. DISASTER REDUCTION DAY • NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the 12TH OCTOBER. • Rallies and special lectures were organized in the universities and colleges to mark the initiatives ofawareness for disaster reduction amongst youth & children. • Children's Colour Activity Book for Disaster Preparedness
- 26. • For information on disasters dial TOLL FREE No. 1070 • Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in
- 27. DISASTER NURSING It can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing skills in recognizing and meeting the nursing, physical and emotional needs resulting from a disaster.
- 28. THANK YOU