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Concepts of tourism
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism. It defines tourism and discusses its characteristics, objectives, growth drivers, types of tourists and destinations. It also examines various forms of tourism like religious, historical and adventure tourism. Finally, it outlines the economic benefits and components of the tourism industry.
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Concepts of tourism
- 1. CONCEPTS OF TOURISM P RE S E N T E D B Y S I M R A N K A U R M B A 2 N D Y E A R
- 2. TOURISM • An activitydone by an individual or a group of individuals, which leads to motion from place to another • One of the fastest growing industries across the world • Combination of various interrelated industries and trades like hotel industry, transport industry, etc • Comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than 6 consecutive months and not less than 24 hours for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity renumerated from within the place visited
- 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM •Stable locations • Huge financial investments • Unstable demand • Perishability
- 4. OBJECTIVES OF TOURISM ECONOMICOBJECTIVES • Employment creation • Increasing foreign currency earnings MULTIPLIER EFFECT ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES • Environmental education and improvement • Preservation of wildlife habitats • Conservation and regeneration SOCIO-CULTURAL OBJECTIVES • Promoting cultural understanding • Creating a national identity
- 5. REASONS FOR GROWTHOF TOURISM • Sightseeing • Leisure • Sports • Shopping • Governmental travel • Reunions • Special interest groups • Business • Education • Pilgrimage
- 6. TYPES OF TOURISTS •A temporary visitor who is visiting an area for more than a day (24 hours) for business purpose, for pleasure, or in connection with sporting, educational or religious activities • 3 types: i. Visitor ii. Traveller iii. Excursionist
- 7. VISITOR • Any persontravelling to a place other than that of his/her usual residence for less than 12 months and whose main purpose of the trip is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. • Stay more than 24 hours and less than 1 month • Not involved in any earning activities • 2 types of visitors i. International visitor ii. Domestic visitor
- 8. TRAVELLER • Any personon a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities within his/her country of usual residence • Appellation traveller is generic that it is relevant to any form of movement of a person irrespective of the distance travelled • No specific time for their stay • Not involved in any earning activities
- 9. EXCURSIONIST • Any personvisiting a country other than his residence and remaining less than 24 hours • Includes cruise passengers • Should not get involved in earning activities
- 10. TOURIST DESTINATION • ‘tourism-place’products • Comprise attractions, amenities and activities, ancillary services and points of access • Travel destinations to see historical sites, natural wonders or buildings • Different types of tourist destinations i. Coastal tourism ii. Urban tourism iii. Rural tourism
- 11. COASTAL TOURISM • Associatedwith image of seaside resort • Most popular appeal of a destination • Attracts approximately 5 million visitors every year • High-rise hotels with plenty of nightclubs, bars, restaurants, casinos • Attractiveness is combination of sun, sea and sand • Wide sandy beaches and warm climate with average summer temperature around 30 degree celsius
- 12. URBAN TOURISM • Townsand cities attract many tourists by growing interest in cultural activities • Visits to museums and art gallery and leisure activities like shopping and entertainment to sports • Rich culture and heritage, delicious food and designer shops • Cityscapes including shopping and entertainment districts, parks and recreations
- 13. RURAL TOURISM • Encompasseshuge range of activities, natural or manmade attractions, amenities and facilities, transportation, marketing and information systems • Diverse and fragmented in terms of operational structures, activities, markets and operating environments • Benefits are employment growth, broadening region’s economic base, repopulation, social improvement, revitalization of local craft
- 14. TOURISM SERVICES • Createdto serve the needs of people who travelled outside their usual places of residence for a period of not more than a year and not less than 24 hours • Include accommodation, food services, transportation, travel intermediaries, special event services, and attractions • Provides incentives to foster quality of environment, generates more employment opportunities and develops necessary infrastructural facilities • Tourists can be divided into : domestic tourists and foreign tourists
- 15. SERVICES RELATED TOTOURISM • Service sectors related to tourism includes airlines, hotels, transport(local), tourist guides, security/police, basic sanitation and other amenities at tourist places • Due to the emergence of low-cost airlines, which offers better connectivity within the country, the developing countries are slowly entering into tourism market • Hospitality frequently refers to the hospitality-industry jobs for hotels, restaurants, casinos, catering, resorts, clubs and any other service position that deals with tourists • Training the personnel so that they better serve the tourists is one of the challenges that any tourism-projecting country has • Rise in corporate activity – leading to a greater number of business trips – and more pronounced aspiration to travel on holiday have made hotel industry very competitive
- 16. TOURISM AS ANINDUSTRY • Recognized by the products which are required to satisfy the demand for travel, accommodation, food, and beverage away from home • Tourism-related businesses, agencies and organizations need to work together to give best overall “travel experience” • Contributes immensely to growth of GDP • It is expected that nearly 54% of expenditure by tourists is spent for wages and salaries of the staff in the tourism sector • Expressed as “export” industry as it provides foreign exchange earnings with the arrival of international tourists
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- 18. ECONOMIC BENEFITS OFTOURISM INDUSTRY • Generation of employment opportunities • Earns foreign exchange without exporting anything tangible • Leads to balanced regional development • Improve per capita income and standard of living • Facilitates development of basic infrastructural facilities • Promotes a hub by economic activities • Promotes related industries
- 19. SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM •Raising awareness • Promoting image • Generate action/response • Convincing consumers of hospitality • Motivating consumers • Stimulate desire • Impact sales • Generating buzz
- 20. GENERAL TOURISM TRENDS •Product diversification • Transport developments • Information technology • Societal trends and changing consumption patterns • Responsible tourism
- 21. NEW TRENDS OFTRAVEL • Impact of millennials • Unstoppable seniors • Rise of conspicuous leisure • Growth of ‘creative’ tourism • Strength of luxury travel • More multigenerational travel
- 22. CATEGORIES OF TOURISM •Inter-regional tourist : travels between various regions • Intra-regional tourist : travel within the same region • Inbound tourism : non-residents travelling in the given country • Outbound tourism : residents travelling to another country • Domestic tourism : travelling within own country • International tourist : travel to place other than own country
- 23. FORMS OF TOURISM •Religious tourism • Historical tourism • Social tourism • Health tourism • Senior tourism • Adventure tourism • Sports tourism • Business tourism • Special interest tourism
- 24. RELIGIOUS TOURISM • Alsocalled as pilgrimage tourism or spiritual tourism • World’s largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia • Most famous holy cities are Jerusalem, Mecca and Varanasi. • Amarnath, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Varanasi, Ujjain, Haridwar-Rishikesh, etc : Hindus • Haj : Muslims • Jerusalem : Christians • Amritsar : Sikhs • Gaya, Kapilvastu and Sarnath : Buddhists • Ashrams : SatyaSai’s PrashantiNilyam, Sai Baba’s Shirdi, Dwarka Mai, Osho Ashrams, Murari Bapu’s Ashram, etc
- 25. HISTORICAL TOURISM • Refersto a kind of tourism where the tour or tour group focuses on the history; history of some place, people, things or events • Tourists visit those places of historical importance to know about culture, tradition, past happenings, etc and get to know about the evolution and development in culture • Places of important historical events, such as battlefields or sites where discovers and explorers landed, are being promoted as tourist attractions
- 26. SOCIAL TOURISM • Canbe commercial and non-commercial, government and private • Specifically encourages the participation in tourism activities of persons who are economically weak or otherwise disadvantaged • Range from small charities organizing holidays for children from low-income backgrounds, over government plans improving accessibility in hotels, to private tour operators offering ecological holidays • Ideal tourist locations and holiday stays that promote social, cultural and sports activities are keys to the development of certain isolated and underdeveloped regions
- 27. ADVENTURE TOURISM • Identifiedas one of the largest segments of global and domestic tourism • Young travellers are primarily experience seekers, collecting, enquiring unique experiences • Kinds of adventure tourism in India – rock climbing, skiing, camel safari, paragliding, mountaineering, rafting in white water, trekking • Adventure tourism : Ladakh, Garwal hills, Himachal hills, Darjeeling, Goa, Lakshwadeep, Andaman and Nicobar, Jaisalmer and wildlife sanctuaries and reserves • Skiing: Manali, Shimla, Nainital, Mussoorie • Whitewater rafting : Ganga, Alaknanda, Bhagirathi rivers • Rock climbing : Badami, Kanheri caves, Manori rocks, Kabbal
- 28. HEALTH TOURISM • Alsocalled Medical tourism • Travelling for medical treatment or visit places where there are curative possibilities • Indian system of medicine : Ayurveda, Yoga, Sidha, Unani, Naturopathy • Overseas surgery is becoming a safe and viable option to healthcare in US and Canada • Yogasana has become popular and widespread and many public and private conduct Yoga classes
- 29. SPORTS TOURISM • Tourismwhich is based on the theme of sports • Lucrative in India from the point of revenue earning • Playing golf, skiing in the mountains or hiking, trekking, mountaineering, river rafting, etc • Big sports meetings like Olympic Games, the continental or world football, boxing championship, etc • Sporting tourism of the devotees, winter sports, nautical sports, mountain climbing, horse riding, hunting, fishing sports
- 30. SENIOR TOURISM • Basicallyfor senior citizens who live in isolation • Less demanding in the form of facilities and services • Predicted to be major force in 21st century • Less likely to be influenced by “frills” and extra amenities • More time to spend on travel and leisure
- 31. BUSINESS TOURISM • Popularlycalled MICE(Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) • Rapidly growing and largely associated with travel for business purpose • Includes a well-planned agenda centered on a particular theme, such as a hobby, a profession, or an educational topic • Known for its extensive planning and demanding clientele • Facility provides furniture, projectors, stage lightning, and a sound system
- 32. CULTURE ORIENTED TOURISM •Subset of tourism concerned with a country or region’s culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those people, their art, architecture, religion(s), and other elements that helped to shape their way of life • Movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of residence, with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their cultural needs • Composed of both cultural products presented for tourist consumption and cultural processes which generate motivation to participate in cultural tourism • Travel directed toward experiencing the arts, heritage and special character of a place • Visit to ancient monuments, places of historical or religious importance
- 33. NATURE ORIENTED TOURISM •Reflects the movement of tourist in naturally rich areas like national parks, safaris, remote destination, etc • Not allowed to be visited by mass tourists • Flora and fauna are not disturbed • Ecotourism creates a balance between development and conservation of natural environment • Infrastructure conducive for movement is developed, jobs are created for locals and benefits accrue to all.
- 34. ETHNIC OR ROOTSTOURISM • Desire to interact with exotic ethnic people and experience their cultural values • Interaction between ‘hosts and guests’ with significant implications for changing the expression of ethnic identity among locals • Type of tourism where travel is motivated by first-hand experience, doing and learning principle • Tourists are mostly driven by the desire to see something different from usual and where curiosity is the ultimate factor
- 35. VFR TOURISM • VFR= Visiting Friends and Relatives • Often domestic tourism • Creates dispersed networks of family and friends • Developed significantly in the second half of 20th century with increased mobilities • High rates of emigration
- 36. ELECTRONIC CAPABILITIES INE- TOURISM FRONT OFFICE SYSTEM • Process data and offer written or visual reports • Systems : Fidelio and SITEL E-SYSTEMS FOR BOOKING • Operative for both individual tourists as well as for agencies • Systems : World span and Amadeus
- 37. PROMISE AND CHALLENGEOF ONLINE MARKETING • Legal and ethical issues • Online privacy and security • Building customer relationships • Product information and delivery
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