Conceptual Design and Implementation of Simulated Version of Context Aware Agricultural Land Monitoring System

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International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering
and Research
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e-ISSN: 2349-9745
p-ISSN: 2393-8161
Conceptual Design and Implementation of Simulated Version of
Context Aware Agricultural Land Monitoring System
Thyagaraju G S1
, Rakshith M D2
1
Associate Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SDMIT, Ujire
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SDMIT, Ujire
Abstract -It is very tedious and difficult for Farmers to monitor and track every event happening in
the farming land. In order to overcome the difficulties facing by Farmers and hence to improve the
comfort level of Farmer it has become inevitable to go for technology assisted context aware
precision agriculture. In order to realize the context aware precision agriculture the various
technologies like WIFI, Bluetooth, Sensors, GPS, GPRS, Mobile Computing, Cloud Computing,
Distributed Computing has to be integrated along with Artificial Intelligence techniques. The context
aware computing technology can be used to provide farming land context based services to farmer.
The research work presented in this paper proposes a conceptual design and implementation of
simulation version of context aware agricultural land monitoring system. The proposed system sends
a mobile and web based notifications related to normal and abnormal status that prevails in the
farming land.
Keywords: Context -aware, Sensors, Intruder, temperature, moisture levels, crops, irrigation,
Simulated farming Land.
I. Introduction
Farmers feel fatigue and tired while doing their day today farming activities. It is difficult for
a farmer to track every movement of his workers who are handling various types of crop and
vegetation in a large area of agricultural land. The everyday analysis of environmental conditions
like temperature, moisture, soil condition etc., becomes hectic & cumbersome for the farm owner.
Large number of crops is harvested by the farmer which becomes difficult for him to analyze the
infected crop which may cause huge damage to the agricultural land. Due to lack of context aware
service providing technology it is not easy for a labor/owner to collect the crop condition
qualitatively and quantitatively all the time. In addition the different tasks like prediction of rainfall,
judging which soil and climate is best suited for which crop or vegetation becomes.
The solution for the above mentioned problems is to go for technology assisted context aware
precision agriculture. For realization the farming land has to be embedded with variety of sensors for
temperature measuring, moisture (water) level estimating, detecting disease infection, crop collecting
time notifying sensor, intruder detecting time sensor, etc. A set of devices which can collect sensor
data, generate context information and send the useful information to Farmer through email or sms or
mobile notification has to be mounted in the field.

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 01, [January - 2015] e-ISSN: 2349-9745, p-ISSN: 2393-8161
As an initiation of research work on context aware techniques for precision agriculture in this
paper we have presented a conceptual design of simulated version of agricultural monitoring system
.The agricultural land is simulated as a grid of wireless sensors surrounding each plant. The
simulated sensors will generate the simulated values of various aspects of agriculture like moisture
level, water quantity, soil quality, fertilizer required, insects infected, intruders attacked, humidity
value, temperature value, etc., for the service recommendation engine of the monitoring system. The
service recommender or decision making engine after processing the sensor values creates the
context and sends to the mobile app or web app as notifications and messages.
II. Literature Survey
From the last 5 to 10 years the most of the researchers [1-15] are showing significant
interest for doing research in the domain of technology assisted precision agriculture. The
technologies like wireless sensor networks, cloud computing and mobile computing is being used for
different purpose like monitoring the water level, measuring the soil moisture level, detecting the
crop infected by the disease, detecting the presence of intruder, etc.. The following section discusses
some of the research work going on in the domain of precision agriculture.
Iqbal Singh, MeenakshiBansal [1], have presented an approach for monitoring water level in the
farm area for Precision Agriculture using Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs). The proposed approach
demonstrates the functioning of the network, soil, weather which concentrates on the data quality. It
uses an automatic algorithm to ensure maintenance especially, water monitoring over large areas.
Most soil moisture sensors are designed to estimate soil volumetric water content based on the
dielectric constant (soil bulk permittivity) of the soil.
FaithpraiseFina, Philip Birch, Rupert Young [2], have presented an approach for automatic plant
pest detection and recognition using k-means clustering algorithm and correspondence filters. A
decision support system based fuzzy logic controller is also used for this purpose. The proposed
work evaluates a software solution for automatic detection and classification of plant leaf diseases.
Image processing technique is employed for the following purpose: 1) To detect diseased leaf, stem,
fruit and roots 2) To enumerate affected area by disease 3) To find shape of affected area of plant
4)To determine color of affected part of plant5) To determine size & shape of fruits and plant 6)
Summarizes the different weather conditions in which the plants get affected by pests and diseases.
In the Community web portal S.Aravindram, U.Dinesh and M.Hariharan [3], have presented an
approach for detection of intruder and protection of cultivation lands using image processing
technique called Electronic Fencing. The proposed technique aims at efficiently detecting the
intruders like animals, unknown persons who are making an attempt to spoil the agricultural crops &
also to provide the contextual information to owner of the land so that he can take necessary action
on them.
Gary Woodill [4], have presented an approach based on mobile cloud computing (MCC) called
mAgriculture, which acts as an application for benefiting the business of farming. MCC as a
development and extension of mobile computing (MC) and cloud computing (CC) has inherited the
high mobility and scalability. It analyses the features and infrastructure of mobile cloud computing.
The proposed approach also explains the need for mobile computing for the purpose of agriculture,
the brief definition on what all features of the agriculture could be monitored like animal tracking
and identification, monitoring water levels etc. Experiments were carried out at lab scale to sense the
temperature, humidity, water level, pH level and fire detection. Based on the information received by
the user through GSM, an action of control can be taken from any place.

Li Han, Salomaa Jyri, Jian Ma [5], elaborated the use of context aware mobile computing.
Terrestrial sensor systems have been used to provide more detailed information about local soil,
vegetation and water conditions. It also explains mobile cloud architecture, off-loading decision
affecting entities, application models classiﬁcation, the latest mobile cloud application models, their
critical analysis and future research directions.
KristofVermeulen [6], presented a novel diagnostic algorithm as an alternative method to
automatically monitor the leaf temperature of a glasshouse tomato crop based on the Eco
physiological interactions between a leaf and its surrounding microclimate. It is intended to be
implemented as a software tool in glasshouse climate control systems, a critical overview of all
relevant equations found in literature was first given.
III. Design of the Proposed System
A simulated system for agricultural land monitoring is proposed in the research work presented in
this paper. The system makes use of simulated sensors, simulated intruder detector, simulated
fencing, and simulated actuators for studying the monitoring system. The architecture of the
proposed system is illustrated in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Architectural Diagram.
It consists of following components which are used to provide agriculture related services to farmer
using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
1. Agricultural Land which is filled with the components like Plants (P1, ------Pn), Sensors and
Gateway Nodes (G1,G2,--Gn).
2)Electronic Fence component: It helps in detecting the intruder who is trying to attack the farm by
generating alert message.

3) Sensor component: It is a set of sensors which is used to sense and capture information like soil
moisture level, temperature, humidity and health condition of plants.
4) Sensor data aggregation component/ Sensor monitoring system:It helps in integrating all the data
collected from different sensors
5) Context generation & decision making component:It helps in generating the contextual
information by taking the simulated sensor values from the cloud database & also to take appropriate
decision regarding the context
6) Service or notification generator & receiver component: It helps in sending the notification about
the events that are taking place in the farm. For example it may send the alert message to the farmer
when the intruder attacks the agricultural land.
As illustrated in the architecture farm is monitored by the network of various sensors. The various
information collected by sensors is sent to Monitoring System through Gateway nodes. Monitoring
System sends the information collected to store in a database on cloud. Cloud sends various
notifications to farmers using GSM or any internet facilities. Farmer can get the latest information on
time that is happening in the farm by accessing the database from cloud.
3.1 Various Tasks Performed by the proposed simulated Agricultural Monitoring System:
The proposed agricultural monitoring system performs the various tasks like intruder detection,
water level sensing and disease detection. The techniques or algorithms used for the various
monitoring tasks are as described below:
Task1: Monitoring the status of Moisture Level: The system regularly monitors the moisture level
of the soil. And when the moisture level falls behind the threshold value, the system sends the
notification to farmer and water supplier. The procedure with steps used by the system is as given
below :
S1: For each Plant
{ Measure: The _Current _Moisture Level and Threshold_Moisture_Level
While (Moisture _Level <= Threshold)
{ 1. Establish _Water_ Connection between Plant and Water supply;
2. Supply the Water Until the Saturation Level is Reached.
}
}
S2: End
Task2: Disease Detection and sending the status to Famer Technique: The system regularly
monitors the health conditions of the plant and if it detects any abnormal conditions it sends
notification to Famer.The stepwise procedure adapted by the system is as given below :
S1: Scan the image of the leaf
S2 : While (Scan the Image )
{ if ( Scanned Image == Diseased Image )

{ 1. Sent the Infected details to Monitoring System
2. Monitoring System Sends the Information to Farmer
}
}
Task3: Intruder Detection: The system regularly monitors the possibility of attack from the
intruder with the help of simulated electronic fencing. If the system detects any intruder it plays
ALERT _BELL with high volume to get rid of intruder and also sends notification to Famer.
S1: Initialize the Intruder detecting Sensor
S2: While (Intruder_Detection_Sensor_ON)
{ if (Intrusion==True ) SEND ALERT to Control Center
While(Intrusion ==True&&Intruder_Presence == True )
{ 1.Switch_ONN ALERT _BELL;
2.Send Notification to Farmer;
}
}
IV. Implementation of the Proposed Simulation based Context Aware Agricultural
Land Monitoring System
A simulator was developed in JAVA programming language using event based Components like
Forms, Buttons, Radio Buttons, Panels, Text Box, etc. The images of Tomato plant were inserted
into the rectangular Buttons to represent the plant growing area. The sensors are simulated using the
Radio Buttons. The simulated agricultural monitoring system was designed as shown in the Figure
2. The simulated land is divided in to multiple grids, each grid representing one tomato plant and set
of sensors monitoring the different attribute of plant properties.
The active and inactive status of the monitoring system was simulated by changing the color of fence
(rectangular boundary) from green to red. During the active status the simulator was designed such
that whenever the mouse is moved across the plant grid, it would open the properties pages pop up
menu which will display plant properties like plant id, humidity, temperature, stem color, fruit color
etc as illustrated in the figure3 .

Figure 2: Snapshot of a Farm Land monitored by Monitoring System.
Figure 3: Snapshot that shows Properties of Tomato Plant.
Figure4 illustrates the status of the simulator whenever the disease is detected in tomato plant P14.
As illustrated whenever the plant disease is detected the simulator displays the detailed information
like disease, name of the disease, date and at what time the particular plant is affected by a disease.
In addition the same message will be sent to the famer in the form of mobile notifications.

Figure 4: Snapshot of an identified disease.
Figure 5 illustrates the status of the simulated system when the intruder like cow is detected.When
the cow crosses the electronic fence, which is turned on, the system rings alarm in the farm and
intimates farmer about the entrance of an intruder.
Figure 5: Snapshot of an Intruder entering the land.
The figure 6 shows the snapshot of the notification sent by the simulated system as viewed by the
registered Farmer in his mobile application.

Figure 6: Snapshot of the plant disease notification sent by simulated system
V.Conclusion
The research work presented in this paper proposed a conceptual architectural design of the
simulated agricultural monitoring system for tomato plants. The simulated system was used to
monitor the different plant growing parameters like humidity, moisture level, plant health conditions
and also to detect intruder. The simulated system continuously monitors the crop land and if any
abnormal conditions are noticed or detected it will send the information to the farmer in the form of
mobile notifications. This application is mainly intended to provide valuable service to famers to get
the latest update about their farm such as soil moisture level, temperature,disease status of the plants
and the presence of intruder.The proposed approach is also useful for researchers and students for the
purpose of understanding & improving the precision agriculture. As a future work the real time
implementation of the agricultural monitoring system will be designed using various technologies
like WIFI, Bluetooth, Sensors, GPS, GPRS, Mobile Computing and Cloud Computing along with
Artificial Intelligence Techniques.
References
[1] Iqbal Singh, MeenakshiBansal, “Monitoring Water Level in Agriculture Using Sensor Networks”, International
Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), pp.202-204, ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-1, Issue-5,
November 2011.
[2] FaithpraiseFina, Philip Birch, Rupert Young,“Automatic plant pest detection and recognition using k-means
clustering algorithm and correspondence filters”International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and
Research, pp.189-199, ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X,Volume- 4, Issue-2, 2013,
http://www.bipublication.com
[3] S.Aravindram,U.Dinesh,M.Hariharan, ,“Detection of Intrusion and Protection of Cultivational Lands using
Image Processing Technique-Electronic Fencing”, LabVIEW-E.N.A.B.L.E.D-The NI India
Community/Academics/Documents , url: https://decibel.ni.com/content/docs/DOC-24745
[4] Gary Woodill,Chad Udell, “mAgriculture: The Application of Mobile Computing to the Business of
Farming”.url:http://blog.floatlearning.com/Portals/241955/docs/floatmobilelearning-theapplicationof mobile
computingtothebusinesofarming.pdf ,2012 , Float Mobile Learning.
[5] Li Han, Salomaa Jyri, Jian Ma, “Survey on Context-Aware Mobile Computing”, International Conference on
Advanced Information Networking and Applications”, pp.24-30, ISBN: 978-0-7695-3096-3, okinova, 2008.

[6] KristofVermeulen, “Automated leaf temperature monitoring of glass house tomato plants by using a leaf energy
balance model”, International Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,pp. 19–31, Volume 87,
September 2012.
[7] GardenBot Beta Article on “ Soil Moisture sensor” .url : http://gardenbot.org/howTo/soilMoisture/
[8] Pramod S. landge, Sushil A. Patil, “Automatic Detection and Classification of Plant Disease through Image
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AUTHORS PROFILE
Thyagaraju.GS received the Ph.D. Degree in the faculty of computer and information sciences from Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum, India in May 2014 and M.Tech Degree in Computer Science and Technology from
University Of Mysore, India in June 2002. He has got Fourteen years of experience in academics, Six years of Research
Experience. He is a life member of IETE. He has guided many students at UG and PG level. At Present he is working as
Associate Professor and HOD in the department of Computer Science Engineering, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara
Institute of Technology, Ujire, Belthangady Taluk , Karnataka. His Research Interests are Context Aware Computing
and Intelligent Systems.
Rakshith. MD received the M.Tech Degree in the field of Networking & Internet Engineering from JNNCE,Shimoga in
2012 & B.E. in the field of Computer Science Engineering, from AIT,Chikamagalur in 2010 under Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum, India. He has got 03 years of teaching experience in academics. He is currently
working as Assistant Professor in the department of Computer Science Engineering, Shri Dharmasthala
Manjunatheswara Institute of Technology, Ujire, Belthangady Taluk , Karnataka. His Research Interests are Ubiquotus
Computing & Data Mining.

Conceptual Design and Implementation of Simulated Version of Context Aware Agricultural Land Monitoring System

Conceptual Design and Implementation of Simulated Version of Context Aware Agricultural Land Monitoring System

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Conceptual Design and Implementation of Simulated Version of Context Aware Agricultural Land Monitoring System