COSTUS.pptx production technology of costus

COSTUS.pptx production technology of costus

• 1.
  COSTUS
• 3.
  • SCIENTIFIC NAME:Costusspeciosus • FAMILY:Costaceae • ECONOMIC PART:Rhizomes • ACTIVE CONSTITUENT :Rhizomes contains diosgenin(2.12%) out of total sapogenins (3.86%),curcumin and curcuminoids. Rhizomes yield diosgenin and tigogenin. Essential oils from rhizomes show anti-microbial activity.
• 4.
  USES: • The rhizomesof costus can be used as purgative,depurative, febrifuge,expectorant and anathematic and as tonic • The tuber is cooked and made into syrup or preserve which is considered to be very wholesome. • It is bitter, astringent, cooling, digestive, stimulant and good to heart. • The plant is often cultivated as ornamental. Juice of boiled plant is used in earache.
• 6.
  FLOWERING: August-October FRUTING: Fruitsripen from mid November SOIL and CLIMATE: This plant can be grown from sea level about 1500m elevation. But the elevation between 400-600m above mean sea level, having a sub tropical climate with an annual rainfall ranging between 1000-1500mm produce good quality material. CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES: 1. LAND PREPARATION: • The land is plouged 2-3 times and the soil is bought to a fine tilth. • FYM 15 t/ha is applied and mixed well with the soil and furrow are made 2. PROPAGATION: • Although the plants can be propagated from seeds,stem cutting and rhizomes, commercially, it is being propagated only through rhizomes cutting. • About 2000-2400kg of fresh rhizomes are required for planting one hectare of land.
• 7.
  3. PLANTING: • Therhizome pieces are placed at a depth of 8-10cm taking care to place the eye buds facing upwards, horizontally in rows 50cm apart and covering with soil. • The thick sized pieces sprout slowly only after 40-45 days of planting. • After 70-75 days, about 90-95% sprouting is obtained. • The best period of planting is from 3rd week of April to 3rd week of May. • The active vegetative growth period of crop is from July to mid September. 4. MATURE AND FERTILIZER: • Trials suggest that the optimum dose for obtaining max yield of Diosgenin is 45kg N,30kg P2O5 and 30kg K2O along with 15 t/ha of FYM.
• 8.
  5. IRRIGATION: • Thecrop planted during April and May requires atleast 2-3 times a month till the out break of monsoon. • For a crop to be harvested after a period of 17-18 months, 14-17 irrigations are required. 6. WEEDING AND INTERCULTURE: • One weeding during the sprouting period of crop followed by two more- keeps the crop fairly free from weeds.
• 9.
  • In theperiod of active vegetative growth, most of the weeds are suppressed. • In the second year of crop, the inter row space between the plants is covered by canes and only 2-3 weeding are necessary before the crop is harvested in Aug or Sep. 7. HARVESTING AND YIELD: • It is observed that the diosgenin content is max when the crop is in a active stage of vegetative growth about 16-17 months old. • Very finely chopped material dries quickly. • A yield of 28-30 t/ha of fresh rhizomes may be obtained in the first season crop. • The crop should therefore be harvested after 17-19 months of planting for a better yield of fresh rhizomes. • From the second season crop there is a yield of 50 tonnes of rhizomes from which 75-125kgs of diosgenin to be obtained.