CSC1100 - Chapter06 - Operating System & Utility Programs

Discovering Computers 2008
Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6
OperatingOperatingOperatingOperating
Systems andSystems andSystems andSystems and
Utility ProgramsUtility ProgramsUtility ProgramsUtility Programs

2
Chapter 6 ObjectivesChapter 6 ObjectivesChapter 6 ObjectivesChapter 6 Objectives
Identify the types of system softwareIdentify the types of system software
Summarize the startup process
on a personal computer
Summarize the startup process
on a personal computer
Summarize the features of several
stand-alone operating systems
Summarize the features of several
stand-alone operating systems
Identify various network operating systemsIdentify various network operating systems
Discuss ways that some operating
systems help administrators control a
network and administer security
Discuss ways that some operating
systems help administrators control a
network and administer security
Explain the purpose of the utilities
included with most operating systems
Explain the purpose of the utilities
included with most operating systems
Identify devices that use several
embedded operating systems
Identify devices that use several
embedded operating systems
Explain the purpose of several
stand-alone utility programs
Explain the purpose of several
stand-alone utility programs
Describe the functions of an operating systemDescribe the functions of an operating system

3
System SoftwareSystem SoftwareSystem SoftwareSystem Software
What is system software?
Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)
Programs that controlPrograms that control
oror maintain operationmaintain operation
of computer & its devicesof computer & its devices
Two types areTwo types are
operating systemsoperating systems
and utility programsand utility programs
Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)
(sometimes called the(sometimes called the platformplatform))
a set ofa set of programsprograms containingcontaining
instructionsinstructions thatthat coordinatescoordinates
all activitiesall activities among computeramong computer
hardware resourceshardware resources When purchase a
PC, it usually has
system software on
its h/d

4
Operating SystemsOperating SystemsOperating SystemsOperating Systems
What are the functions of an operating system?
Most OSs perform similar functions:
start the computer provide a user interface
manage programs
administer
security
manage
memory
monitor
performance
control a
network
provide file
management and
other utilities
establish an
Internet connection
schedule jobs and
configure devices

5
Mostly OS installed & resides in
computer h/d
Handheld computers & mobile devices
– OS resides on a ROM chip
Different size computers use differentDifferent size computers use different
operating systems.
Some computers can run multiple OS
When purchasing an application
software, user must ensure that it works
with the OS installed in the computer

6
What is a cross-platform application?
Application
Runs the same on multiple operating systems
Operating System/
Platform A
Operating System/
Platform B
Operating System/
Platform C
Operating System/
Platform D
Application

7
Operating System FunctionsOperating System FunctionsOperating System FunctionsOperating System Functions
1) Starting a Computer
What is booting?
Cold boot Turning on
computer that has been
powered off
Warm boot Restarting
Process of starting or restarting a computer
Warm boot Restarting
computer that is powered on
Does not save any unsaved work
Installation/upgrade new sw
No response, push reset button
Still no response, push power
button – does not properly close
running processes & programs

8
BootingBootingBootingBooting
Each time boot computer,
the kernel and other frequently used OS instructions
are loaded/copied into computer’s memory (RAM).
Kernel
the core of an OS that manages
memory & devices, maintains the computer’s clock,memory & devices, maintains the computer’s clock,
starts application, and
assigns the computer’s resources (devices, programs,
data & information)
is memory resident – it remains in memory while
computer is running
other parts of OS are nonresident – these instructions
remain on h/d until they are needed.

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How does a personal computer boot up?
Step 1. Power
supply sends signal
to components in
system unit
Step 4. Results of POST are
compared with data in CMOS chip
Step 5. BIOS looks for system
files on a USB flash drive or
Step 2. Processor
accesses BIOS to
start computer
Step 3. BIOS runs
tests, called the
POST, to check
components such as
mouse, keyboard,
and adapter cards
files on a USB flash drive or
CD/DVD drive, and then drive C
(hard disk)
Step 6. Kernel (core) of
operating system loads into RAM
Step 7. Operating system loads
configuration information and
displays desktop on screen

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What is a boot disk?
Contains system files that will start computer when
computer cannot boot
Contains few system files that will start the computer
Also called recovery disk
Used when h/d becomes damaged & computer cannot bootUsed when h/d becomes damaged & computer cannot boot
from h/d
Boot disk in CD form usually included when purchasing a
computer
Windows Vista installation disk itself is a boot disk

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2) Providing a User Interface
What is a user interface?
Controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information displays on screen
Command-line interface: for advanced users
to configure devices, troubleshoot network
connections,… using command language

12
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
User interacts with menus and
visual images such as buttons
and other graphical objects
Basic Interface
Windows Aero InterfaceWindows Aero Interface

13
3) Managing Programs
What is single user/ multitasking?
Working on two or more
programs that reside in
memory at same time
Programs can run
concurrently
Foreground contains program
you are using
Background contains programs
that are running but are not
in use
concurrently

14
Single user/single tasking OS:
One user runs one program at a time
Used by PDAs, smart phones & other small
computing devices

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Enables two or
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
Can support two
Prevent a process
from monopolizing
the computer
Has duplicate
components such as
processors, memory,
and disk drives
Enables two or
more users to
run programs
simultaneously
Continues to
operate when one
of its components
fails
Can support two
or more processors
running programs
at same time
resources
OS interrupts a prg which is
executing & passes control to
another prg waiting to be
executed.
ADV: OS regains control is one
prg stops operating properly

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4) Managing Memory
What is memory management?
Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM

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Virtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual Memory
If multiple program running simultaneously – it is possible
to run out of RAM
E.g.: (OS) 512MB + (antivirus prg) 256MB + (Web
browser) 128MB + (buss. sw. suite) 512MB + (photobrowser) 128MB + (buss. sw. suite) 512MB + (photo
editing prg) 256MB = 1664MB or RAM required.
If computer has only 512MB of RAM (physical RAM), OS
need virtual memory to solve this problem
OS allocates a portion of a storage medium (h/d – swap
file) to function as additional RAM (computer may slow
down)

18
Virtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual Memory
Swap file: h/d area used for virtual memory (swap items
btw memory & storage)
Page = the amount of data & prg instructions that can
swap at a time
Paging = technique of swapping items btw memory &Paging = technique of swapping items btw memory &
storage – time consuming
Trashing = happens when OS spends much time for
paging instead of executing application software (when
web browser stop responding & h/d LED blinks – OS is
thrashing)

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5) Scheduling Jobs
How does an operating system schedule jobs?
SendingSending
informationinformation
Receiving dataReceiving data
Adjusts schedule
based on
job’s priority
Transferring itemsTransferring items
between storagebetween storage
and memoryand memory
informationinformation
to output deviceto output device
ProcessingProcessing
instructionsinstructions
Receiving dataReceiving data
from input devicefrom input device
AA jobjob isis operationoperation
the processor managesthe processor manages
A segment
of memory/storage
– items placed while waiting
to be transferred from
input or to
output device
bufferbuffer

21
What is spooling?
(OS) Sending print jobs to buffer instead of
directly to printer
Print jobs line up in queue

22
6) Configuring Devices
What is a device driver?
DeviceDevice
Program thatProgram that
tells operating systemtells operating system
WithWith Plug and PlayPlug and Play,,
operating systemoperating systemDeviceDevice
DriverDriver
tells operating systemtells operating system
how to communicatehow to communicate
with devicewith device
operating systemoperating system
automaticallyautomatically
configures newconfigures new
devices as you installdevices as you install
themthem
Also calledAlso called driverdriver

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How do you install a device driver?
Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click the Hardware
Step 3. Click the
Scanners and Cameras
Step 4. Click the Add
Device button to start
Step 1. Open Control
Panel window. Point to
Hardware and Sound link.
Step 2. Click the Hardware
and Sound link to display
the Hardware and Sound
options. Point to the
Scanners and Cameras link.
link to display the
dialog box. Point to
the Add Device button.
Device button to start
the Scanner and
Camera Installation
Wizard. Point to the
Next button.
Step 5. Click the Next button to proceed with the wizard.
Select the correct manufacturer and model of scanner or
camera. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete
installation of the necessary driver files for the selected
device.

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7) Establishing an Internet Connection
How do you establish an Internet connection?
Windows Vista includes
Connect to a network
wizard
Guides user through setting
up connection betweenup connection between
computer and Internet
service provider

25
8) Monitoring Performance
How does an operating system monitor performance?
Provides program, called performance monitor,
that assesses and reports information about
system resources
and devices

26
9) Controlling Network
What is a network operating system?
Allows users to share resources on a
network
Administers security
by establishing user
name and password forname and password for
each user

27
10) Administering Security
Network administrators use network OS to establish
permissions to the users to be able to access resources
Use account (user name/user ID & password) – enables a
user to access or log on to a computer or a network
The OS records successful & unsuccessful logon attempts
in a file – monitor computer usagein a file – monitor computer usage
Encryption – the process of encoding data& information
into an unreadable form
Especially as it travels over the network to prevent
unauthorized users from reading the data
Encrypted items automatically decrypted into readable
form when an authorized reader attempts to read them

28
Operating System Utility ProgramsOperating System Utility ProgramsOperating System Utility ProgramsOperating System Utility Programs
What is a utility program?
System software that performs
maintenance-type tasks
Also called
utility

29
What is a file manager?
Performs functions related to file management
Image viewer displays,
copies, & prints
contents of graphics
filefile
User can see image
without having to
open them in paint/
image editing
program
Window VistaWindow Vista –– Window Photo GalleryWindow Photo Gallery

30
What is a personal firewall?
Detects and protects a personal computer from
unauthorized intrusions
Especially for broadband Internet connection
Constantly monitors all transmissions to &
from a computerfrom a computer
Windows Vista
automatically enables the
built-in personal firewall
upon installation
Someone who tries
to access a computer
or network illegally
hackerhacker

31
What is an uninstaller?
In Windows Vista,In Windows Vista,
uninstaller is available throughuninstaller is available through
the Uninstall a program commandthe Uninstall a program command
in thein the Control PanelControl Panel
Removes aRemoves a
program andprogram and
all associated filesall associated files

32
What is a disk scanner?
Searches for and removes
unnecessary files such as
temporary files
Windows Vista includes
Disk CleanupDisk Cleanup

33
What is a disk defragmenter?
Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so
programs run faster

34
Disk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk Defragmenter
When OS stores a file on a disk it places the file in theWhen OS stores a file on a disk it places the file in the
first available sector on disk
It attempts to place it in contiguous sectors, but not
always possible
File contents are scattered across two or more non-
contiguous sectors – file is fragmented –
Fragmentation slows down disk access & overall
computer performance

35
Disk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk Defragmenter
Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing it so the files
are stored in contiguous sectors, solve this problem

36
What is a diagnostic utility?
Compiles technical information about hardware and
some software
Prepares report outlining problems
Information in the report assists technical support
staff in remedying any problemsstaff in remedying any problems
Windows Vista includes Problem Reports and
Solutions
Diagnoses problems as well as suggests courses of
action

37
What is a backup utility?
Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto
another storage medium
Most compress files
during backup to
require less storagerequire less storage
space

38
What is a screen saver?
Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time
To secure computer,
user configures screenuser configures screen
saver to require
password to
deactivate

39
Device-
dependent
Runs only on
Types of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating Systems
What are some characteristics of operating systems?
Proprietary
software
Privately owned and
limited to specific
Device-
independent
Runs on manyRuns only on
specific type of
computer
Downward
compatible
Works with application
software written for
earlier version of OS
Upward
compatible
Runs on new versions
of OS
limited to specific
vendor/computer
model
Runs on many
manufacturers’
computers

40
Types of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?
EE
MM
BB
EE
NN
EE
TT
WW
S T A N DS T A N D –– A L O N EA L O N E
DD
DD
EE
DD
WW
OO
RR
KK
Windows XP, Vista, Mac OS X, UNIX & Linux

41
StandStandStandStand----Alone Operating SystemsAlone Operating SystemsAlone Operating SystemsAlone Operating Systems
How do Windows
versions compare?
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows XP SP2 2004
Windows Vista 2006

42
Fast, reliable Windows operating system
What is Windows XP?
Available in five
editions:
Home Edition,
Professional Edition,Professional Edition,
Tablet PC Edition,
Media Center Edition,
and 64-bit Edition
For power users
working with
workstations that use
64-bit processors

43
Successor to Windows XP, containing a new
interface and new / enhanced features
What is Windows Vista?
Available in several
editions, grouped into
Home and BusinessHome and Business
categories
More reliable,
efficient, quicker
application starter,
better security,
enhanced searching,…
512 MB RAM
for Vista Basic,
1GB RAM &
128MB video/graphic memory
for V Premium, Ultimate,
Business, Enterprise

44
Windows Vista Features
Reliability and Performance
Security
Information Management
What are some features of Windows Vista?
Information Management
Appearance and Navigation
Communications and the Internet

45
What is Mac OS X?
Available only for computers
manufactured by Apple
Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIsmodel for most GUIs
Has large photo-quality icons,
built-in networking support,
enhanced speech recognition
& multimedia capabilities

46
What is UNIX?
Created in early 1970s
Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
Suitable for PC & workstations
Most versions offer GUI,Most versions offer GUI,
others in command-line
Available for computers
of all sizes

47
What is Linux?
Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system
Open-source software
code is available to public
Code provided for usage, modification &
redistributionredistribution
Has no restrictions from copyright holder
Available in GUI & command-line interfaces
Include many free prg. languages & utility programs
Famous GUIs: GNOME & KDE
Both a stand-alone & a network operating system

48
LinuxLinuxLinuxLinux
2 ADV:
users share OS software
improvements with others
Customers can personalize
the software to meet their
needs
Red Hat provides a version of Linux
called Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
needs
Bootable OS:
Live CD or Live USB

49
Network Operating SystemsNetwork Operating SystemsNetwork Operating SystemsNetwork Operating Systems
What are examples of network
operating systems?
NetWareNetWare
Designed forDesigned for
client/serverclient/server
networksnetworks
WindowsWindows UNIX / LinuxUNIX / LinuxWindowsWindows
Server 2003Server 2003
Upgrade to WindowsUpgrade to Windows
2000 Server2000 Server
UNIX / LinuxUNIX / Linux
MultiMulti--purposepurpose
OSOS
SolarisSolaris
Version ofVersion of UNIXUNIX
developed by Sundeveloped by Sun
MicrosystemsMicrosystems
Specifically forSpecifically for
ee--commercecommerce
applicationsapplications

50
Embedded Operating SystemsEmbedded Operating SystemsEmbedded Operating SystemsEmbedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?
Found on most PDAs and
small devices
Windows CE is
scaled-down version of
WindowsWindows

51
What are three operating systems for mobile devices?
Windows Mobile for PDAs, called Pocket PC & smart
phones
Palm OS for PDAs & smart phones
Blackberry for handheld devices supplied by RIM
(Research in Motion)(Research in Motion)

52
What is Embedded Linux?
Scaled-down Linux operating system
designed for PDAs, smart phones,
smart watches, set-top boxes,
Internet telephones, and other
devicesdevices
Offers many PIM functions

53
What is Symbian OS?
Open-source, multitasking operating system
designed for smart phones
Make telephone calls,
save appointments,
browse Web, sendbrowse Web, send
and receive e-mail
and faxes, and more

54
StandStandStandStand----Alone Utility ProgramsAlone Utility ProgramsAlone Utility ProgramsAlone Utility Programs
What is a virus?
Potentially damaging computer program
Affects computer without user’s knowledge
• An unusual message or image is displayed on the
computer screen
SIGNS OFSIGNS OF
VIRUSVIRUS
INFECTIONINFECTION
computer screen
• An unusual sound or music plays randomly
• The available memory is less than what should be
available
• A program or file suddenly is missing
• An unknown program or file mysteriously appears
• The size of a file changes without explanation
• A file becomes corrupted
• A program or file does not work properly
• System properties change

55
What is an antivirus program?
Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently

56
What is spyware?
Program placed on a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information about the
user
Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing
a new programa new program
A spyware remover is a program that detects and
deletes spyware

57
What are internet filters?
Programs that remove or block certain items from
being displayed
Filtering prg Restrict access to
Pop-up
Blockers
Anti-Spam
Programs
Web
Filters
removes spam bfr
reaching inbox
Restrict access to
certain materials
on Web, that uses
certain words or
phrases
Stops pop-up advertisements appearing in new window
in the foreground of a Web page displayed in browser

58
What is a file compression utility?
Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve
performance
Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files
Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZipPKZIP and WinZip

59
What is a media player?
Allows you to view
images and animation,
listen to audio, and
watch video files on
your computeryour computer

60
What is CD/DVD burning software?
Writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files to
a recordable or
rewriteable CD or DVD

61
What is a personal computer maintenance utility?
Identifies and fixes operating system problems and
disk problems
Some continuously monitor
computer to identify problems
before they occur & evenbefore they occur & even
fix them immediately
Note: diagnostic utility does not
repair the problems it found

62
Summary of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsSummary of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsSummary of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsSummary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Define an operating systemDefine an operating system
Discuss the functions common to
most operating systems
Discuss the functions common to
most operating systems
Discuss a variety of stand-alone
operating systems, network operating systems,
and embedded operating systems
Discuss a variety of stand-alone
operating systems, network operating systems,
and embedded operating systems
Chapter 6 Complete
most operating systemsmost operating systems
Introduce several utility programs commonly
found in operating systems
Introduce several utility programs commonly
found in operating systems
Describe several stand-alone
utility programs
Describe several stand-alone
utility programs

CSC1100 - Chapter06 - Operating System & Utility Programs

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CSC1100 - Chapter06 - Operating System & Utility Programs